organic derivatives of carboxylic acids
ESTERS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS – CONVENTIONAL METHODS
... Moreover, introduction of ester functions of dicarboxylic acids or mixed derivatives containing aliphatic ester moieties and ester functions of dicarboxylic acids, 4.1 Acylation with Carboxylic Acid ... Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods Fig 4.3 Acylation of polysaccharides via reactive mixed anhydrides (impeller method) Highly functionalised long-chain aliphatic acid esters of cellulose ... (g/mol) 164 177 295 125 220 46 Esters of Carboxylic Acids – Conventional Methods 4.1.2 Heterogeneous Conversion in the Presence of a Base Esterification reactions with carboxylic acid anhydrides under...
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Properties of carboxylic acids
... group of ester and of carboxylic acid are comparably stabilized Example O CHCOCH2CH3 + H2O Cl HCl, heat O CHCOH Cl (80-82%) + CH3CH2OH Mechanism of Acid-Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis Is the reverse of ... Key Features of Mechanism Activation of carbonyl group by protonation of carbonyl oxygen Nucleophilic addition of water to carbonyl group forms tetrahedral intermediate Elimination of alcohol from ... group of the ester this stage is analogous to the acidcatalyzed addition of water to a ketone Second stage: cleavage of tetrahedral intermediate O + R'OH RCOH H+ OH RC OH OR' Mechanism of formation...
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Microbial Production of Amino Acids in Japan
... various amounts of sodium pyruvate, g of ammonium acetate, 0.6 g of pyrocatechol, 0.2 g of sodium sulfite, 0.1 g of EDTA, and cells harvested from 100 ml of broth, in a total volume of 100 ml.The ... soybea1ns contain lower amounts of lysine, which is one of Microbial Production of Amino Acids in Japan 77 the essential amino acids for those livestocks The estimated amount of l-lysine produced in ... long time, but recently another theory of excretion of glutamate has been published in which the presence of exporter protein of glutamate on the cell surface of the bacterium is suggested [3, 4]...
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Tài liệu Literature Review of Organic Chemicals of Emerging Environmental Concern in Use in Auckland ppt
... combined PBT score of 64 (Table 2) Literature Review of Organic Chemicals of Emerging Environmental Concern in Use in Auckland 11 Table Environmental hazard profile of classic persistent organic pollutants, ... phthalates) are derivatives of esters of polycarboxylic acids, with linear or branched aliphatic alcohols of moderate-chain length Plasticisers work by embedding themselves between the chains of polymers, ... literature as “POPs” (persistent organic pollutants), as defined by the Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants For the purpose of assessing hazard of “chemicals of potential environmental...
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Báo cáo khóa học: O-acetylation and de-O-acetylation of sialic acids in human colorectal carcinoma docx
... responsible for the turnover of O-acetyl ester groups on sialic acids The introduction of acetyl groups into the glycerol side chain (i.e at C-7, -8 and -9) of sialic acids is catalysed by acetyl-CoA:sialate-7(9)-O-acetyltransferase ... corresponding area of the integrated peak GC-MS analysis of sialic acids from human colonic mucosa Purified sialic acids were converted into their trimethylsilyl6 methyl-ester derivatives and applied ... at various stages of colorectal carcinoma Sialic acids were isolated and analysed by fluorometric-HPLC The proportion of individual sialic acids is expressed as a percentage of the total sialic...
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Carboxylic acids & esters
... Chapter 16 Carboxylic Acids and Esters 16.2 Properties of Carboxylic Acids Copyright © 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc Publishing as Benjamin Cummings 18 Polarity of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids ... + δ - + δ CH3CO H 19 Boiling Points of Carboxylic Acids The boiling points of carboxylic acids Are higher than alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes of similar mass Are high because they form ... (m-bromobenzoic acid) Br 14 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids can be prepared by oxidizing primary alcohols or aldehydes The oxidation of ethanol produces ethanoic acid (acetic...
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Carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides
... sweet smells • Their bouquet is often floral or fruity • This means they are used in food flavourings & perfumes • Also, very good at dissolving organic compounds so often used as solvents Esters ... acid known as esterification Reverse reaction = ester hydrolysis Names of esters end in –oate Naming Named after alcohol & carboxylic acid from which they are derived O C CH3 CH2 CH3 let’s name ... with a carboxylic acid Very slow reaction, unless! an acid catalyst used (usually sulphuric acid) A condensation reaction The condensation reaction between the hydroxyl group and the carboxylic...
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Báo cáo khóa học: Vertical-scanning mutagenesis of amino acids in a model N-myristoylation motif reveals the major amino-terminal sequence requirements for protein N-myristoylation ppt
... the combination of amino acids at positions and might be a critical determinant for protein N-myristoylation In this study, to examine the effect of the combination of amino acids at positions ... N-myristoylation efficiency of each MG6X-TNF was expressed as the percentage of the N-myristoylation efficiency of MG6L-TNF Results for the 20 amino acids were arranged according to their radius of gyration (B) ... 1.7% of all proteins [17] S cerevisiae Nmt1p is the best studied of the known NMTs The X-ray structure of a binary complex of Nmt1p with bound myristoyl-CoA has been determined [34] A structure of...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Recombinant derivatives of the human high-mobility group protein HMGB2 mediate efficient nonviral gene delivery pptx
... the absence of competitor As shown in Fig 6, in the presence of an amount of free IBBHMGB2186 comparable to the amount of protein in the complex, transfection efciency was only 37% of controls, ... b-d-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible tac promoter amino acids 1186 of human HMGB2 fused to a C-terminal Myc tag [62] and a cluster of six histidine residues (His-tag) For the construction of HMGB2 derivatives containing functional ... determinant of successful gene delivery is the binding of DNAvector complexes to target cells This can occur by direct interaction of transfection complexes with integral components of the cell...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Identification of amino acids in antiplasmin involved in its noncovalent ‘lysine-binding-site’-dependent interaction with plasmin pptx
... half-lives of plasmin in these experiments (also before 50% of the plasmin activity was inhibited) Computer model of the C-terminal 40 amino acids in antiplasmin A computer model of the C-terminal ... structure of the C-terminal portion of antiplasmin However, there are a large number of proline residues in this part (10 of the C-terminal 55 residues), increasing the possibility of obtaining ... vicinity of the side chain of Phe448 Lys436, on the other hand, is found at the surface of the molecule with a protruding side chain Discussion Antiplasmin belongs to the serpin superfamily of proteins...
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Báo cáo Y học: Diffusion through channel derivatives of the Escherichia coli FhuA transport protein doc
... size of the zones of growth inhibition (in mm) of E coli HK97 with SDS and the antibiotics is given with subtraction of the sensitivity of the control strain HK97 pT7-6 including the diameter of ... measurements of the different FhuA deletion derivatives (data not shown) FhuAD5–160 D322–336 increased the permeability of lipid bilayer membranes The loop L4 reduces the entrance of the surface cavity of ... that of FhuAD5–160 (Table 2) which indicated that removal of half of the L4 loop increased the conductance of the b-barrel FhuAD5–160 D335–355 forms stable channels Fig Single-channel recording of...
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capillary electrophoresis of nucleic acids, volume i
... within a mixture of DNAs (37,66–71) The direct estimation of the concentration of analytes during CE can be used for the quantification of PCR fragments and applied to the estimation of allele frequency ... further increases in the speed and sensitivity of CE-based analysis The recent announcement of the completion of the first draft sequence of the 90% of the entire human genome within mo by Celera ... model of such sieving assumes that the ratio µ/µ0 is equal to the fraction f(Rg) of the gel volume that is made of pores of size a≥Rg (17) Ogston (18) calculated that for a gel composed of long,...
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capillary electrophoresis of nucleic acids, volume ii
... the same, regardless of the type of the separation channel used (capillary or chip) The main advantage of the chip technology is the ease of fabrication of a large number of channels In comparison ... Schematic of a microchip used for sizing of PCR products with a DNA marker (B) (a) Electropherogram of the sizing ladder; (b) Electropherogram of PCR products; (c) Electropherogram of the PCR ... command the development of adequate analytical instrumentation capable of high-throughput analysis of minute amounts of complex samples Attempts to integrate several of the sample preparation/analysis...
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Báo cáo sinh học: "UWB system based on energy detection of derivatives of the Gaussian pulse" docx
... the order of the derivatives [13] Also, the spectral separation of a pulse pair can be increased by increasing the difference of the orders of the derivatives Although the implementation of this ... System model of GFSK The design idea of this new system originates from spectral characteristics of the derivatives of the Gaussian pulse The Fourier transform Xf and center frequency fc of the kth-order ... bandwidth of a single pulse in a GFSK system is at most one half of that of a PPM system But this does not mean that the maximum possible data rate of a GFSK system is one half of that of a PPM...
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báo cáo hóa học:" UWB system based on energy detection of derivatives of the Gaussian pulse" pdf
... the order of the derivatives [13] Also, the spectral separation of a pulse pair can be increased by increasing the difference of the orders of the derivatives Although the implementation of this ... System model of GFSK The design idea of this new system originates from spectral characteristics of the derivatives of the Gaussian pulse The Fourier transform Xf and center frequency fc of the kth-order ... bandwidth of a single pulse in a GFSK system is at most one half of that of a PPM system But this does not mean that the maximum possible data rate of a GFSK system is one half of that of a PPM...
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Báo cáo toán học: " UWB system based on energy detection of derivatives of the Gaussian pulse" potx
... the order of the derivatives [13] Also, the spectral separation of a pulse pair can be increased by increasing the difference of the orders of the derivatives Although the implementation of this ... System model of GFSK The design idea of this new system originates from spectral characteristics of the derivatives of the Gaussian pulse The Fourier transform Xf and center frequency fc of the kth-order ... bandwidth of a single pulse in a GFSK system is at most one half of that of a PPM system But this does not mean that the maximum possible data rate of a GFSK system is one half of that of a PPM...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Carbon composite micro- and nano-tubes-based electrodes for detection of nucleic acids" pot
... suitable tool for detection of nucleic acids We show the successful application of modern nano-technologies not only for detecting of nucleic acids but also for distinguishing of all bases signals Methods ... versatility of the electrode was tested Cyclic voltammetry was used for the detection of two nucleic acids samples mentioned above and the basic electrochemical behaviour of nucleic acids at the ... Detection of nucleic acids Further, three carbon composite electrodes with different content of carbon particles with various shapes and sizes were prepared and tested on measuring of nucleic acids...
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