... percent of women ages 15 to 24 have HIV/AIDS(Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 2002). Νearly 1.7 billion people, about one-third of the world’s total population, are be-tween the ages of ... services they need. During the past decade, in part as a result of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, young people andtheir health needs have been the subject of greater attention worldwide. Internationalconferences ... such as the 1994 InternationalConference on Population and Development(ICPD) have endorsed the rights of adolescentsand young adults to obtain the highest levels of health care. In response,...
... less concentrated than some other industry sectors). In general, measures of market concentration cannot be mapped one-to-one onto the alleged degree of competition, or the lack thereof, ofthe ... allocation of lending from the deposit bank to other financial activities, thereby to the detriment ofthe non-financial sectors ofthe economy; 4) reduce the interconnectedness between banks and the ... debt-to-GDP levels in the economy; the significant rise in trading activity of banks; and so on. Moreover, the level of competition and contestability ofthe sector to the benefit of consumers can be...
... example, in the US, one essential catalyst ofthe PC era and the rise of Microsoft and other software platforms was the unbundling of IBM – the result of antitrust intervention. There was no ... Google’s office suite, AMD, and Apple act as brakes onthe possible misuse of ecosystem leadership onthe part of the Microsoft and Intel. The fear of anti-trust action further restrains Microsoft ... not include in our discussion here because the videogame market has a dynamic of its own, largely independent ofthe evolution ofthe rest ofthe software industry. There are two root causes...
... a non-named entity. For 98.0% of the named entities in the training data ofthe sharedtask in the 2004 JNLPBA, the label ofthe preced-ing entity was “O”.In order to incorporate such non-local ... bi-directional flow of probabilistic in-formation along the sequence. In NER, we of- ten use linear-chain CRFs, which define the con-ditional probability of a state sequence y = y1, ,yngiven the ... Using Non-Local Information inSemi-CRFsIn conventional CRFs and semi-CRFs, one canonly use the information onthe adjacent previ-ous label when defining the features on a certainstate or entity....
... relies on the World Health Organization defini-tion: The death of a woman while preg-nant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective ofthe duration and site ofthe pregnancy, ... organizations ensured the implementation ofthe concepts advanced by TIOP I. Regionalization of care, along with evidenced-based therapeutic interven-tions (assisted ventilation, antenatal corti-costeroids, ... Prevention. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2007. ForewordDr. Jennifer L. HowsePresidentMarch of Dimes The mission of the March of Dimes is to improve the health of babies...
... document, and the second is the con-founder. Consider the following example of ap-plying pseudo-words to the selectional restrictions of the verb focus:Original: This story focuses onthe campaign.Test: ... Selectional pref-erences for semantic role classification. In JointConference ofthe 47th Annual Meeting ofthe As-sociation for Computational Linguistics and the 4th International Joint Conference ... include the syntactic relations). Corpus countscovered 2 years ofthe AP section, and we used the development set ofthe NYT section to extract the seen and unseen pairs. Figure 3 shows the per-centage...
... TRANSMISSION OF HIV FROM MOTHER-TO-CHILDVirtually eliminate the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child by 2015 The Global Plan towards the Elimination of New HIV infections Among Children ... Phase 1 ofthe Alliance’s child health agenda will focus on preventing child diarrheal deaths in the two regions ofthe world where they are most concentrated — the northern states of India ... both the public and private sectors. NEAR-ZERO TRANSMISSION OF HIV FROM MOTHER-TO-CHILD: Virtually eliminate the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child by the end of 2015 In collaboration...
... than 20% ofthe votes in any one precinct, and that the “winner” won by a margin of v ofthe votes (where 0 ≤ v ≤ 1), then the adversary would need to change a fractionf = 2.5v (3) of the precincts—or, ... most of the sand grains are white, but a fraction f ofthe grains are black, you may onlyneed to sample a handful ofthe sand to be confident of obtaining a blackgrain, no matter whether the ... (2)denote the fraction of bad objects we wish to detect. In this note we call f the “fraud rate.” Given one of b or f, the other is determined, via equation (2).In a voting context, the value of b...
... areanincreasednumber of Tribalrepresentativesserving on relevantstatecommitteesandtaskforces.SectionVI,GoalsandObjectives,identifies the priorityissueareastargetedtobeaddressedover the nextfouryears. The goalsarethosethatAIHC,Tribes,UrbanIndianHealthOrganizations(UIHO),and the statewillworktogether on tofurther the mission of eliminatingIndianhealthdisparities. The firstcomponent,TribalForumfor Improving AI/ANHealth,focuses on strategiestostrengthen the collectivevoiceforTribesandUrbanIndianHealthProgramstogreaterinfluencehealthpolicyandassurefullaccessbyAI/ANstohealthservicesandprogramsin the state.ThisgoalalsoincludeseffortstodevelopandimplementstrongerstrategiesforaddressingIndianhealthdisparitiesand the development of moreeffectivecommunicationavenuesbetweenTribesand the statesoTribesareaware of emergenthealthnews,information,andopportunities.Whileplansin the pasthaveservedwellininformingindividuals,Tribes,andorganizations onthe poorstatus of Indianhealthandidentifyingpolicyworkbeingaccomplished,furthercollaborativeconversationsandeffortsacrosstribes,systems,organizations,andresearchinstitutionsmustbepursuedtostrategicallyaddressthesedisparities.Thiscomponentoutlineshowthatmightbegintobeaccomplishedover the nextfouryears. The fourhealthpriorityareas—Maternal‐InfantHealth,Long‐TermCare,OralHealth,andMentalHealthservices—wereidentifiedat the 2008TribalLeadersHealthSummitandserveas the areas of disparitiesfromwhich the broaderworkdescribedabovecouldbeshaped.Eachpriorityareaincludes:(a)Goalstatement;(b)Problemstatement;(c)Anysupportingdata;and(d)Strategies(objectives)foraddressing the problem. The strategiesarerecommendationsdevelopedinAmericanIndianHealthCommissionpositionpapersat the TribalLeadersHealthSummitinNovember2008andsubsequentlyapprovedbycommissiondelegatesin2009.AtargetedfocusinthesefourpriorityTribalhealthareaswillallowustonotonlydevelopsolutionstothesespecificproblems;itwillalsoserveasawaytofurtherdefine the processbywhichadditionalIndianhealthdisparitiescanbeaddressedin the future. The strategiesidentifiedinthissectionwillbepursuedbased on resourceavailabilityineacharea. The finalsection,TribalHealthProgramsinWashingtonState,providesspecificinformationaboutexistingTribalandUrbanIndianhealthprogramsandclinics.Italsoprovidesinformationabout the types of servicethatareprovidedbyeachsiteinordertocomplete the profile ofthe Indianhealthdeliverysysteminourstate.AcknowledgementsPublication ofthe 2010–2013AmericanIndianHealthCareDeliveryPlanwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithout the contributionsandsupport ofthe followingorganizations: The AmericanIndianHealthCommission of WashingtonState The WashingtonStateDepartment of Health The UrbanIndianHealthInstitute–SeattleIndianHealthBoardNorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoard The followingservedaseditors,contributors,andprovideddraftingassistance:AmericanIndianHealthCommissionOralHealthCareWorkgroupAmericanIndianHealthCommissionMaternal‐InfantHealthWorkgroupAmericanIndianHealthCommissionMentalHealthWorkgroupAmericanIndianHealthCommissionLong‐TermCareWorkgroupAmericanIndianHealthCommissionExecutiveCommitteeSherylLowe,executivedirector,AmericanIndianHealthCommissionKrisLocke,ruralhealthconsultant,AmericanIndianHealthCommissionKrisSparks,Department of Health’sOffice of CommunityHealthSystems/RuralHealthZeynoShorter,PhD,ruralhealthepidemiologist,Department of HealthJenniferSabel,PhD,injuryepidemiologist,Department of HealthNancyAnderson,MD,MPHFaculty,EvergreenStateCollegeLaurieCawthon,MD,WashingtonStateDepartment of SocialandHealthServicesJoseliAlves‐Dunkerson,DDS,manager,Department of HealthOralHealthProgramJosephCampo,WashingtonStateOffice of FinancialManagementRalphForquera,executivedirector,SeattleIndianHealthBoardRachelBrucker,epidemiologist,UrbanIndianHealthInstituteAlicePark,epidemiologist,UrbanIndianHealthInstituteJimRoberts,policyanalyst,NorthwestPortlandAreaIndianHealthBoardJoshuaD.Jones,MD,epidemiologist,PortlandAreaIndianHealthServicesAMERICANINDIANHEALTHCOMMISSIONmembers:ChehalisTribe ... Indianhistory,healthissues,andchallengesexperiencedbythispopulationand the UrbanIndianHealthOrganizationthatservethem.“Fewpeoplerealizethat the majority of AmericanIndiansandAlaskaNativesin the UnitedStatesarenowlivinginAmericancities,not on reservations.Yet,FederalhealthcarepolicytowardAmericanIndiansandAlaskaNativescontinuestofocuslargely onthe needs of thoseliving on reservationsinruralareas—needsthat,despitedemonstrableprogresssince the creation ofthe IndianHealthService(I.H.S.)in1955,remainsubstantial(Kauffmanetal.,1997). The purpose of thisIssueBriefistodescribe the largeandgrowingurbanIndianpopulation,theirhealthstatus,and the majorfederalhealthprograms(i.e.,I.H.S.andMedicare)andfederal‐stateprograms(i.e.,MedicaidandChildHealthInsuranceProgram)thatareavailabletoimproveNativeAmericans’accesstoneededhealthservices.Insettingforth the circumstances of urbanIndians,thisIssueBriefdoesnotintendtosuggestthat the healthcareneeds of Indianpeoplelivinginruralareasareinanywaylesscompelling.AGrowingPopulation of UrbanIndiansIn1990,overhalf ofthe 2millionAmericanIndiansandAlaskaNativesin the UnitedStateslivedinurbanareas...Incontrast,anestimated430,000Indianslived on 279federalandstatereservationsthatyear,andanother40,000livedinAlaskaNativevillages(Snipp,1996).WhoareUrbanIndians?UrbanIndiansaremembers of, ordescendants of members of, one ofthe manyIndiantribesorotherorganizedgroups of aboriginalinhabitants ofthe Americaswholiveincities. The IndianHealthCareImprovementActdefines the term“UrbanIndian”tomeananyindividualwho“residesinanurbancenter”…and“meetsoneormore ofthe fourcriteria”forqualifyingasan“Indian”under the Act. The migration of Indiansfrom the reservationstoAmericancitiesoccurredthroughout the pastcenturyandisexpectedtocontinue. The proportion of Indianslivinginwhat the CensusBureaudefinesas“urbanizedareas”grewfrom45percentin1970to56percentin1990(U.S.CensusBureau,2001,personalcommunication).Historically,thismigrationreflectedfederalgovernment“relocation”policiesineffectduring the 1950’s.Over160,000AmericanIndiansandAlaskaNativeswereforciblymovedfromtheirreservationsintocitiestopromoteassimilationinto the dominantU.S.society(Kauffmanetal.,2000;Hall, ... IndianHealthCareImprovementActAmendments of 1992(P.L.102‐573)–extendedTribalself‐governanceto the IHS;self‐governanceallowstribestoassumeresponsibilityforresourcemanagementandservicedelivery,providinggreaterflexibilitytodesignanddevelopprogramsthatbettermeet the needs of itsmembers,withnoabrogation ofthe federalgovernment’strustresponsibility. The FederalIndianHealthService(IHS) The foundation ofthe IndianHealthServiceistouphold the federalgovernment’sobligationtopromotehealthyAI/ANpeople,communitiesandculturesandtohonorandprotect the inherentsovereignrights of Tribes.Itsmissionis“toraise the physical,mental,socialandspiritualhealth of AI/ANsto the highestlevel”anditsgoalisto“assurethatcomprehensive,culturallyacceptablepersonalandpublichealthservicesareavailableandaccessibletoAI/ANpeople.”3 The IndianHealthServicedeliverysystemwasdesignedtobeanintegrated,community‐basedsystemthatemphasizespreventionandpublichealth,deliversandpurchaseshealthcareservicesandprovides the infrastructureforhealthimprovementsbybuildinghealthfacilitiesandsanitation...
... ofthe prepo-sitions (especially of/ de) to the semantic classes addsto the complexity ofthe interpretation task. Thus,for the interpretation of these constructions a systemmust rely onthe ... observations onthe distribu-tion ofthe syntax and meaning of noun phrases on two different corpora based on two state -of -the- artclassification tag sets.As future work we consider the inclusion of ... observa-tions onthe distribution ofthe syntax and meaning of noun phrases on two different corpora based on two state -of -the- art classification tag sets: Lauer’sset of 8 prepositions (Lauer,...
... centroid cut-off using the lexicon ofthe grammar boosted pre-cision compared to the confidence cut-off. The difference between the effects of mymethod on XTAG and ERG would be due to the finer-grained ... cut-offB: confidence cut-off 0.01C: confidence cut-off 0.03D: confidence cut-off 0.05XTAG ERGFigure 4: Precision and recall ofthe resulting SCFs using confidence cut-offs and frequency cut-off: ... I then compare centroid cut-off with confidencecut-off to observe the effects of clustering. Fig-ure 5 shows precision and recall ofthe resultingSCFs using centroid cut-off 0.05 and the confi-dence...
... influence on the consultee, mediated by the content of the consultant's communications and the leverage of the consultant-consultee relationship. The consultant seeksto support the ... result in a set of strat-egies for resolution of the problem. The Consultee The process of consultee-centered consultation illuminates the professionalexpertise of the consultee, ... from the consultation exchange. The consultation process, not the theoretical perspective of the consultant, nor the work problem of the consultee, defines consultee-centered consultation.REFERENCESBower,...
... professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health ofthe public. The Instituteacts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its con-gressional ... organization of outstanding engi-neers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members,sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal ... president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sci-ences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions...
... procedures onthe income tax provision, the auditor would disclose the name ofthe entity, instead ofthe names ofthe individuals from the entity, who performed the audit procedures. However, if the ... Information); • The location of other participants in the audit (the country of headquarters' office location for a firm and the country of residence or headquarters' office location for ... the auditor might test the valuation ofthe inventory at all locations including the one tested by the other firms and persons. The percentage ofthe total hours in the most recent period's...