... Environmental Quality Criteria 21.1.2 SSDs for EcologicalRiskAssessment 21.1.2.1 Assessment Endpoints and the Definition of Risk 21.1.2.2 EcologicalRiskAssessment of Mixtures 21.1.3 Probability ... al., 1994), and the Ecological Committee on FIFRA RiskAssessment Methods (ECOFRAM, 1999a,b) 21.1.2.1 Assessment Endpoints and the Definition of Risk The appropriateness of SSDs in riskassessment ... Combining Chemicals in Distributions Selection of Protection Levels RiskAssessment Issues 21.7.1 Exposure 21.7.2 Ecological Issues 21.7.3 Joint Distributions of Exposure andSpeciesSensitivity The...
... riskassessment General human and eco-toxicology Tools used in risk assessments Animal studies Human studies Exposure assessment Mode of Action Standard setting Management and communication RISK ... the assessment of risk of chemicals to human health and well-being and the environment, and present the newest concepts in the evaluation of risks Format: Lectures including case studies, andrisk ... case studies, andriskassessment exercise, special feature Presentation of IPCS/WHO RiskAssessment Toolkit Teaching material: Hand-outs of power-point presentations, and additional material...
... the maximum baseline risk, andecological risks will decline in the future and need not be assessed However, separate ecologicalrisk assessments should be performed if these risks could increase ... below BOX 2.3 Criteria for Selection of Assessment Endpoints for EcologicalRisk Assessments Policy goals and societal values — Because the risks to the assessment endpoint are the basis for decision ... level of ecologicalrisk is often not quantifiable It is directly applicable if only one line of evidence is used, as in many wildlife risk assessments, and if, as in human health risk assessments,...
... sampling and data reduction must be based on the variability of concentrations in the stream and the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of the chemicals and receptors Human health risk assessments ... scoping and screening assessments but are unlikely to be acceptable for definitive assessments Two different expressions of sediment contamination are commonly used in ecologicalrisk assessments: ... Sample and Suter (1994), and Sample et al (1997a) Additional sources include Dunning (1984, 1993), Burt and Grossenheider (1976), Silva and Downing (1995), the Mammalian Species series, and the...
... in ecologicalrisk assessments Methods for fitting of exposure–response distributions to toxicity data are presented in Crump (1984), Kerr and Meador (1996), Moore and Caux (1997), and Bailer and ... nations to derive environmental criteria and has been recommended as a standard ecologicalriskassessment technique (Suter, 1993a; Aquatic RiskAssessmentand Mitigation Dialog Group, 1994; Parkhurst ... frequently not available for wildlife species that may be considered in an ecologicalrisk assessment, extrapolation from test species to endpoint species is required Interspecies extrapolation of toxicity...
... REPORTING ECOLOGICAL RISKS The form in which ecological risks are reported is an often neglected aspect of the practice of ecologicalriskassessment The EPA internal guidance for risk characterization ... jargon • Make language and organization understandable to risk managers and the informed layperson • Fully discuss and explain any unusual issues specific to a particular riskassessment For transparency: ... results, because field exposures are longer and otherwise more realistic, andspeciesand life stages from the site may be more sensitive than test speciesand life stages Single-chemical toxicity...
... Risk to an ecological component of a site that has extraordinary local value Intermediate ecologicalrisk • Ecologicalrisk of magnitude between de minimis and de manifestis risk De minimis ecological ... requires a complex balancing of risks: ecological vs human health risks, baseline contaminant risks vs remedial risks, and current risks vs future, land-use-dependent risks (with potentially different ... weighting of the risks from contaminants and risks from remediation In typical communities, risks from contaminants are unfamiliar, involuntary risks, and risks from remediation are familiar and voluntary...
... different role in ecologicalrisk assessments than they in human health risk assessments For human health risk assessments, remediation depends on the land-use scenario because land use determines ... exposure depends on land use, and risk- based remediation should depend on land use In ecologicalrisk assessments, three issues must be considered with respect to post-remedial land use What habitat ... ecologicalrisk assessor’s role is to provide the risk manager with remedial goal options based on ecological risks However, the human health andecologicalrisk assessors should have a common understanding...
... intensive, and expensive 10.2.3 ASSESSMENT PHASE The assessment phase is equivalent to the analyses of exposure and effects and the risk characterization in a conventional ecologicalriskassessment ... trustees (e.g., a federal land manager, the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service for migratory birds and threatened or endangered species, a state agency managing nonmigratory species, and a tribe with treaty ... fish from the areas where risks had been significant The assessment would document the trends in contaminant levels and associated risks over time and would identify when risks dropped below prescribed...
... andecologicalriskassessmentRisk Anal 14:477–481 Burmaster, D E and D A Hull 1997 Using lognormal distributionsand lognormal probability plots in probabilisticrisk assessments Hum Ecol Risk ... Carlo Hum Ecol Risk Assess 2:627–1037 Callahan, C A and B D Steele 1998 Ecologicalriskassessment guidance for Superfund sites In A de Peyster and K E Day (Eds.), EcologicalRisk Assessment: A ... “North American Bird Banding Manual” (U.S Fish and Wildlife Service and Canadian Wildlife Service, 1977), Guide to Waterfowl Banding (Addy, 1956), and Bird Trapping and Bird Banding (Bub, 1990)...
... very high risk, Regions and as high risk, Regions 3, 4, and as medium risk, and Regions and as low risk More recently Monte Carlo analysis has been added to the RRM process In risk assessment, ... regional relative riskassessment FRAMEWORK OF THE RELATIVE RISK MODEL The framework for the RRM for regional riskassessment was outlined by Landis and Wiegers (1997) Ecologicalriskassessment (EcoRA) ... regional risk assessment, present the RRM, and to briefly summarize the scope and results of the studies conducted up until the fall of 2003 REGIONAL RISKASSESSMENT DEFINED Ecologicalrisk assessment...
... (and ecologicalrisk assessments [EcoRAs]) are scoped and conducted; (2) the decision-making processes that utilize RRAs and EcoRAs; (3) integration of riskassessmentandrisk management; and ... Hum Ecol Risk Assess., 10, 271–297 Landis, W.G and Wiegers, J.K 1997 Design considerations and a suggested approach for regional and comparative ecologicalrisk assessment, Hum Ecol Risk Assess., ... Karenina principle applied to ecologicalrisk assessments of multiple stressors, Hum Ecol Risk Assess., 7, 231–237 Moraes, R., Landis, W.G., and Molander, S 2002 Regional riskassessment of a Brazilian...
... ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT Most subareas (Shoup Bay, Mineral and Gold Creeks, Lowe and Robe Rivers, Dayville Flats and Solomon Gulch, Valdez Marine Terminal, Sawmill to SevenMile Creek, and Anderson ... relevant to the regional-scale riskassessment components of sources, habitats, andecological impacts Source and habitat categories describe the anthropogenic andecological components of the ... quantitative analyses of site-specific risk using traditional riskassessment techniques We also addressed uncertainty andsensitivity during the relative risk analysis Relative Risk Model The RRM compared...
... Environmental Quality, Portland, OR Landis, W G and J A Wiegers 1997 Design considerations and a suggested approach for regional and comparative ecologicalrisk assessment, Hum Ecol Risk Assess., 3, 287–297 ... relative risk among the risk regions remained consistent with the original risk ranks Out of 20 iterations, risk regions MA and WB were identified as having the highest riskand second highest risk ... 2004 10:18 AM 116 REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) 1998b Guidelines for EcologicalRiskAssessmentRiskAssessment Forum, Washington,...
... SCALE ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT INTRODUCTION The riskassessment for Codorus Creek was the second regional-scale riskassessment using the relative risk model (RRM) to be published (Obery and Landis ... overall riskand Region demonstrates the smallest overall risk Jenk’s optimization clustered the total of risk region ranks as low risk (Regions 5, 6, and 8), medium risk (Regions 1, 3, 4, and 7), and ... habitats, andassessment endpoints This is the conceptual model used for the original riskassessmentand then for management scenarios (From Obery, A.M and Landis, W.G., Hum Ecol Risk Assess.,...
... ecological risks, Hum Ecol Risk Assess., 7, 239–246 Landis, W.G and McLaughlin, J.F 2000a If not recovery, then what?, in Environmental Toxicology andRisk Assessment: Science, Policy and Standardization ... 2004 10:18 AM 150 REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT Low Medium High Figure 7.1 Original riskassessment landscape risk pattern • The relative stochastic and deterministic components of ... 152 REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT Table 7.2 Summary of Percent Changes in Total Risk Scores for Option #2 (10% increase in urban landuse) by Risk Region and Endpoint Risk Water Water...
... REGIONAL ECOLOGICALRISKASSESSMENT 171 risk region, sum of potential stressor exposure within the risk region, total risk to assessment endpoints within the risk region, and total risk to each assessment ... Tasmania Landis, W.G and Wiegers, J.A 1997 Design considerations and a suggested approach for regional and comparative ecologicalrisk assessment, Hum Ecol Risk Assess., 3, 287–297 Landis, W.G and ... for complex ecologicalrisk assessments, Hum Ecol Risk Assess., 5, 375–396 Suter, G.W., II 1999b A framework for assessment of ecological risks from multiple activities Hum Ecol Risk Assess.,...