... Identify Patients With AcuteBacterial Versus Viral Rhinosinusitis? Recommendations The following clinical presentations (any of 3) are recommended for identifying patients with acutebacterial vs viral ... Identify Patients With AcuteBacterial Versus Viral Rhinosinusitis? Recommendations The following clinical presentations (any of 3) are recommended for identifying patients with acutebacterial vs viral ... the clinical course to differentiate bacterial from acute viral rhinosinusitis These recommendations are intended to improve the likelihood of separating acutebacterial from viral rhinosinusitis...
... of drugs2 for the treatment of acutebacterial sinusitis (ABS) This guidance defines ABS as “inflammation of the paranasal sinuses as a result of the presence of a bacterial pathogen within the ... In this case, three indications were under discussion: ABS, acutebacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and communityacquired bacterial pneumonia (see http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/cder06.html#AntiInfective) ... presentation and a history of previous episodes of acute sinusitis also improve specificity for bacterial disease Radiographic findings consistent with acute sinusitis also should be documented to...
... diagnosis of acutebacterial meningitis (by clinical diagnosis or culture of cerebrospinal fluid) Methods Types of interventions : • Fluid administered in the initial treatment of acutebacterial ... swelling) as well as too little fluid (especially shock) Objectives To evaluate treatment of acutebacterial meningitis with differing volumes of initial fluid administration (up to 72 hours after ... Background • Acutebacterial meningitis remains a disease with high mortality and morbidity rates Many survivors...
... presenting with acute diarrhea Individual organisms causing acute gastrointestinal illnesses are discussed in detail in subsequent chapters Table 122-1 Gastrointestinal Pathogens Causing Acute Diarrhea ... indirect factors in a far greater burden of disease The wide range of clinical manifestations of acute gastrointestinal illnesses is matched by the wide variety of infectious agents involved, including ... areas, >50% of childhood deaths are directly attributable to acute diarrheal illnesses In addition, by contributing to malnutrition and thereby reducing resistance...
... elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP Some enterotoxigenic strains of E coli produce both LT and ST Bacterial cytotoxins, in contrast, destroy intestinal mucosal cells and produce the syndrome of ... vomiting Invasion Dysentery may result not only from the production of cytotoxins but also from bacterial invasion and destruction of intestinal mucosal cells Infections due to Shigella and enteroinvasive...
... coli Approach to the Patient: Infectious Diarrhea or Bacterial Food Poisoning The approach to the patient with possible infectious diarrhea or bacterial food poisoning is shown in Fig 122-1 Figure ... communityacquired infectious diarrhea or bacterial food poisoning Key to superscripts: Diarrhea lasting >2 weeks is generally defined as chronic; in such cases, many of the causes of acute diarrhea are much less ... system may be the first line of defense against many gastrointestinal pathogens The binding of bacterial antigens to the luminal surface of M cells in the distal small bowel and the subsequent...
... of Acute Infectious Diarrheal Illness Complication Comments Chronic diarrhea Occurs in ~1% of travelers with acute diarrhea Lactase deficiency Small-bowel Protozoa account for ~⅓ of cases bacterial ... of acute infectious diarrhea, categorized as inflammatory and noninflammatory, are listed in Table 122-1 Post-Diarrhea Complications Chronic complications may follow the resolution of an acute ... bowel syndrome Occurs in ~10% of travelers with traveler's diarrhea Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis) Particularly likely after infection with invasive organisms (Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter)...
... travelers and to Peru; contaminates water or food Unknown 20 Illness improves with antibacterial therapy, implicating bacterial diarrhea Source: After Dupont Location Day-care centers have particularly...
... diarrhea after a meal can provide clues to the bacterial cause of the illness Potential causes of bacterial food poisoning are shown in Table 122-4 Table 122-4 Bacterial Food Poisoning Incubation Period, ... Potato or egg salad, lettuce, raw vegetables Vibrio parahaemolyticus Dysentery Mollusks, crustaceans Bacterial disease caused by an enterotoxin elaborated outside the host, such as that due to Staphylococcus...
... Not all food poisoning has a bacterial cause Nonbacterial agents of shortincubation food poisoning include capsaicin, which is found in ... diarrhea (no blood in stool, Antibacterial drugb plus (for adults) no loperamidea (see dose above) distressing abdominal pain, no fever), >2 unformed stools per day Antibacterial drugb Dysentery (passage ... plates Fresh stools should be examined for amebic cysts and trophozoites Infectious Diarrhea or Bacterial Food Poisoning: Treatment In many cases, a specific diagnosis is not necessary or not...
... diarrheal diseases has led to intense efforts to develop effective vaccines against the common bacterial and viral enteric pathogens Recent research has yielded promising advances in the development ... therapy Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 4:417, 2006 [PMID: 16771619] Musher DM, Musher BL: Contagious acute gastrointestinal infections N Engl J Med 351:2417, 2004 [PMID: 15575058] Okhuysen PC: Current ... Infect Dis 18:522, 2005 [PMID: 16258326] Sazawal S et al: Efficacy of probiotics in prevention of acute diarrhoea: A meta-analysis of masked, randomised, placebo-controlled trials Lancet Infect...
... 2/20 + Acute postinfective arthritis; sore throat, rash, positive serology; daughter had meningococcal purpura and arthritis D Streptococcus 17/20 5/20 + Chronic erosive seronegative oligoarthritis; ... seronegative oligoarthritis; culture positive Campylobacter infection years pre -arthritis H Unknown 11/20 5/20 + Chronic seronegative oligoarthritis I Yersinia 8/20 9/20 + Acute ReA following ... Chlamydia 16S rRNA, and so R3 Arthritis Research and Therapy Vol No Cox et al Table Bacterial sequences identified in synovial fluid from reactive arthritis and postinfectious arthritis patients Bacteria...
... Ext oligoarthritis 2/0 12 (10–14) 98 (65–131) Systemic arthritis 0/1 15 156 0 Psoriatic 4/4 13 (6–15) 42 (5–175) 1/6 13 (9–14) 12 (1–60) 1/4 10 (5–14) 10 (4–129) ERA Polyarthritis RF– Polyarthritis ... pattern when the acute phase was low and a diverse pattern when the acute phase was high Patient B exhibited a diverse pattern when the acute phase was high and this was lost when the acute phase ... Oppenheim J: Role of cytokines, acute- phase proteins, and chemokines in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis Semin Arthritis Rheum 1996, 26:526-538 Gabay C, Kushner I: Acute- phase proteins and other...
... Increased acute phase response in ob/ob and db/db mice The acute phase response was examined in ob/ob and control mice after injection of zymosan A by measuring circulating levels of IL-6 and of the acute ... more pronounced acute phase response and longer lasting arthritis than did controls Thus, it is conceivable that leptin deficiency could result in an even more severe form of arthritis in the ... attenuates experimental arthritis J Immunol 2002, 168:875-882 Keystone EC, Schorlemmer HU, Pope C, Allison AC: Zymosaninduced arthritis: a model of chronic proliferative arthritis following activation...
... antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis Characterization and clinical correlations Arthritis Rheum 1993, 36:1054-1060 Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Available online http:/ /arthritis- research.com/4/4/R1 ... rheumatoid arthritis J Clin Invest 2000, 106:137-144 Leandro MJ, Edwards JC: B Lymphocyte depletion in rheumatoid arthritis: early evidence for safety, efficacy, and dose response [abstract] Arthritis ... rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum 1997, 40:341-351 28 Eberhardt K, Fex E, Johnson U, Wollheim FA: Associations of HLA-DRB and -DQB genes with two and five year outcome in rheumatoid arthritis...
... Hazenberg MP, Breedveld FC, Tak PP: Presence of bacterial DNA and bacterial peptidoglycans in joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides Arthritis Rheum 2000, 43:593-598 Chen T, ... Toivanen P: Bacterial components in the synovial tissue of patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pan -bacterial polymerase ... Intra-articularly localized bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs induces arthritis Nat Med 1999, 5:702-705 Liu ZQ, Deng GM, Foster S, Tarkowski A: Staphylococcal peptidoglycans induce arthritisArthritis Res...
... rheumatoid arthritis: a longitudinal analysis Arthritis Rheum 2004:2082-2093 Fuchs HA, Kaye JJ, Callahan LF, Nance EP, Pincus T: Evidence of significant radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis ... set of disease activity measures for rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials The Committee on Outcome Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials Arthritis Rheum 1993, 36:729-740 Smolen JS: The ... prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritisArthritis Rheum 1995, 38:44-48 18 DAS Score NL: Disease Activity Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis (last [http://www.das-score.nl/www.das-score.nl/index.html]...
... response to bacterial antigens [9,13] Bacterial DNA has also been detected in synovial samples from patients with other forms of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA) ... maximal intensity OA, osteoarthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ReA, reactive arthritis; UA, undifferentiated arthritis Discussion We investigated the presence of bacterial DNA in ST samples ... Intra-articularly localized bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs induces arthritis Nat Med 1999, 5:702-705 50 Deng GM, Tarkowski A: The features of arthritis induced by CpG motifs in bacterial DNA Arthritis Rheum...