... full-lengthv-KIND; DKIND1, deletion of KIND1;DKIND2, deletion of KIND2; DKIND1 + 2,deletion of both KIND1 and KIND2; DRasN,deletion of RasN; DGEF, deletion of RasGEF; KIND1, KIND1 domain; KIND2,KIND2 ... v-KIND KIND2 binding resides withinresidues 702–744 of MAP2.Residues 456–487 in the KIND2 domain of v-KINDcontain the core MAP2 binding moduleTo identify the core MAP2-binding site within ... sequence for v-KIND binding.To evaluate the v-KIND KIND2-binding specificity of residues 702–744 of MAP2, we performed a pull-down assay of combinations of EGFP-fused KIND1or KIND2 of v-KIND with...
... [238–240]. Even in the absence of pro-tein–protein interactions, factors can assist each other’sbinding to DNA within nucleosomes. This principle isillustrated in the model shown in Fig. 7A. In this ... considerable varia-tion and complexity in the number of nucleosomes dis-rupted, the histone composition of the remainingnucleosomes, and the number andnatureof proteincomplexes they interact with.Much ... transcribedregions of active genes in human T cells [124]. In astudy in yeast, mutations were introduced alone or in combination in lysines 5, 8, 12 and 16 in the gene forhistone H4 [125]. Of these,...
... predicting,measuring and understanding the roles of different kinds of organisms in the flux and storage of elements in ecosystems. The total biomass per unit area, W,issimply the sum ofthe ... size, in comparison to a linear increase in gain as the driving force for the development of gelatinous bodies. As seen above, however, the same principle of costsincreasing more rapidly than gains ... 28557 and Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062.Michael C. Marshall Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie,...
... (PX)domain in the N-terminus. PX domains occur in avariety of proteins involved in cell signaling, mem-brane trafficking, and polarity establishment, and func-tion as phosphoinositide-binding modules ... in the testis and fetal brain. The Noxo1c protein contains anadditional five amino acids in the N-terminal PX domain, a phosphoinosi-tide-binding module; the domain plays an essential rolein ... domains with p22phox[25–27]. Although the SH3 domain of Noxo1 participates in regulation of Nox3, the roleof the PX domain in Nox3activity remains unknown. In the process of cloning of human...
... and C-terminal domain in red. (B) Ribbon representation of the structure of the PSI domain of barley prophytepsin [25] (N-terminal domain,blue; C-terminal domain, red). (C) Model structure of ... family includessaposins, which are lysosomal sphingolipid-activator pro-teins [37], NK-lysin, granulysin, surfactant protein B,amoebapores and domains of acid sphingomyelinase and acyloxyacyl hydrolase ... folding, stability and intracellular sorting of several zymogens [16], the PSI isan insertion only identified in plant APs, which is highlysimilar to saposins and saposin-like proteins and whosebiological...
... structure of an ACh-binding protein reveals the ligand-binding domain of nicotinic receptors. Nature 411, 269–276.6. Dutertre,S.&Lewis,R.J.(2004)Computationalapproachestounderstand a-conotoxin interactions ... (Table 1). Interestingly, Vc1.1 was able to inhibit in vivo a vascular response to pain and was effective in alleviating chronic pain and accelerating functional recovery in an animal model of neuropathy. ... transmembrane domain of each subunit contri-butes to the formation of the hydrophilic pore. ACh binding proteinhas structural and functional homology to the extracellular ligandbinding domain of the...
... freeze-intolerant insectsThe structure andfunctionof b-helical antifreeze proteinsSteffen P. Graether and Brian D. SykesCIHR Group in Protein Structure and Function, Department of Biochemistry and Protein ... so, a considerable number of questions remainbefore we can solve the interaction at the atomic level and understand t he roleof the threonine side chains in icebinding. The contradiction between ... fisoform 337 with the structure o f th e l onger i soform CfAFP-501 usingthe main chain of residues Thr23fiAsn90 in i soform 337 and residuesThr54fiMet121 in CfAFP-501. (B) Overlap of isoforms...
... contained a 30 bp insertion in theORF, beginning at nucleotide 516. This resulted in insertion of a 10 amino acid segment (TREIDYPETI) and one substitution (Ser fi Gly) at the C-terminalend of ... residuecystine-knot domain. Injection of Spa¨tzle-C108, but not proSpa¨tzle-1A, intolarvae stimulated expression of several antimicrobial peptides and proteins,including attacin-1, cecropin-6, moricin, lysozyme, ... development andin the antimicrobial immune response in larvae and adults. We have investigated the functionof Spa¨tzle in a lepidopteraninsect, Manduca sexta, in which hemolymph proteinases activated...
... minidomain and the zinc-binding domain of the zinc finger protein Ynr046w [25] (Fig. 8). The fit of the heavy atoms (Ca, C, and N) from threeb-strands and the a-helices of both the closed and theopen ... specificity of the factor. The results provide new insightsinto the possible roleof the C-domain in the process of translation termi-nation.AbbreviationsC-domain, C-terminal domain (or domain 3) of ... most of the residues of the protein rigid corecould be successfully fitted using models 1 and 2. For a fewresidues of the minidomain (330–332, at the beginning of the central b-strand) and residues...
... various organisms, and the evolution of TLP and transthyretin.The identification of TLPs and transthyretins in nature The evolution of transthyretin and its distribution in nature have been well ... b-strands A, G and H [17].Structural natureof the TLP and transthyretin active sitesOne of the striking features of transthyretin is the cen-tral channel of the protein into which the THs bind.This ... transthyretin dimers associate, vianonpolar interactions, between the loops joining standsG and H with the loops joining strands A and B, mak-ing the transthyretin tetramer a ‘dimer of dimers.’Recently,...
... FEBSsynthesis involving small modifying peptides (ubiquitin and NEDD8) affecting protein stability. The mostintriguing recent finding is the phenotype resultingfrom mutations in RPs in zebrafish, mice, and ... elusive. In Xenopus , twoproteins have been identified, La and cellular nucleicacid-binding protein (CNBP) ⁄ zinc finger protein 9(ZNF9), which bind the 5¢-UTRs of RP mRNAs in vitro.La interacts ... mitogen-induced signal transduction path-ways acting through TSC1–TSC2 and involvingmTORC1, as suggested by the rapamycin effect.Rapamycin, which inhibits mTORC1 by binding tomTOR in a complex...
... poly(C)-bind-ing proteins: a multiplicity of functions and search formechanisms. RNA 8, 265–278.32 Gamernik AV & Andino R (2000) Interactions of viralprotein 3CD and poly(rC) binding protein ... nucleotide at the 3¢-end of the ssDNAstrand (dC in 2AXY; dT in 2PQU) is participating in base-stacking interactions with the preceding cytosine base.Structure andfunctionof KH domains R. Valverde ... sequences.Although in both examples the coupling of twoRNA-binding domains will effectively increase thespecificity and affinity of the RNA–protein interaction,the two different binding modes have...
... work and [36,37]). (f) It is proposed that theFMN-a is bound to the inwards-pointing end of theflavodoxin fold in the HoxY subunit. Such a flavodoxin foldis conserved in the small subunit of all ... part that holds two of the Fe-S clusters in the small subunit of the D. gigas enzyme is missing in HoxY of the SH, suggesting anexposure of part of the hydrophobic surface of the HoxH subunit. ... used in all experiments. Thepurity of the samples was examined by SDS/PAGE [29].Protein concentrations were routinely determined by theBradford method [30] using bovine serum albumin as astandard.Activity...
... Irina Druzhinina1 and Christian P. Kubicek11Division of Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna;2Institute of Ecology,University of ... significant differences in amino acids flanking the active site. The 3Dmodel of Lad1 was fitted, according to the 2Dstructure of SDH [25]. Amino acids involved in binding of D-sorbitol [25] and conservedbetween ... alignment of mammalian and fungal sorbitol dehydrogenases. Amino acids involved in binding of D-sorbitol [25] are marked byasterisks, amino acids conserved between Lad1 and SDH in % are indicated...
... align-ments of glucokinase and GlcNAc kinase and the commonATP-binding domain, the GlcNAc kinase was fitted into theglucokinase model using RasMol software. Figure 5 showsthe predicted structure of ... alignment of glucokinase and GlcNAc kinase. The amino acid sequences are numbered beginning with the first amino acid of theN-terminus. Both amino acid sequences share the ATP binding subdomains (Phosphate1, ... for hexokinase[30]. Binding of the sugar results in a strong conforma-tional change allowing the binding of ATP. Mutations of amino acids involved in this mechanism therefore result in lower...