national institutes of health

... school year. Bruce A. Fuchs, Ph.D. Director Office of Science Education National Institutes of Health 1 The National Academy of Sciences released the National Science Education Standards in December ... You may also send your suggestions to Curriculum Supplement Series Office of Science Education National Institutes of Health 6100 Executive Boulevard, Suite 5H01 Bethesda, MD 20892 I hope ... discoveries being made at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and their effects on pub lic health. This set is being distributed to teachers around the country free of charge by the NIH to improve...

... other studies of the prevalence of health conditions among Hispanic children. 3,4,5 Prevalence of Children with Special Health Care Needs The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care ... 37 percent of CSHCN in poverty receive services compared to 22 percent of children with family incomes of 400 percent of poverty or more. Health Insurance Coverage The National Survey of Children ... citation: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs...

... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomen sherepresentsinthepopulationiscalled her‘‘samplingweight.’’Sampling weightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthis averagevaluedependingonthe respondent’srace,theresponseratefor similarwomen,andotherfactors.As withanysamplesurvey,theestimatesin thisreportaresubjecttosampling variability.SignificancetestsonNSFG datashouldbedonetakingthesampling designintoaccount. Nonsamplingerrorswereminimized bystringentquality-controlprocedures thatincludedthoroughinterviewer training,checkingtheconsistencyof answersduringandaftertheinterview, imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthe samplingweightsfornonresponseand undercoveragetomatchnationaltotals. Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandother statisticalaspectsofthesurveyare describedinmoredetailinanother separatereport(13). Thisreportshowsfindingsby characteristicsofthewomaninterviewed, includingherage,maritalstatus, education,parity,householdincome dividedbythepovertylevel,andraceand Hispanicorigin.Ithasbeenshownthat blackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedly lowerlevelsofincome,education,and accesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance, thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandother factors,ratherthanraceororiginperse, probablyaccountfordifferencesinthe behaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthis reportamongwhite,black,andHispanic women(15). TableBshowsafactorthatshould beconsideredininterpretingtrendsin pregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnited States:thechangingagecompositionof thereproductive-agepopulation.In 1982,therewere54.1millionwomenof reproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in 1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2 million(16).Thelargebabyboom cohort,bornbetween1946and1964, was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42 yearsofagein1988,and31–49years ofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohorts werepreceded(upto1945)and followed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts. Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen 15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or 11percentbetween1982and1995,the numberofteenagewomendroppedby about6percent,thenumberofwomen 20–24yearsofagedroppedby 15percent,andthenumberofwomen 25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).In contrast,thenumberofwomen30–44 yearsofageincreasedsharply—for example,thenumberofwomen40–44 yearsofageincreasedby59percent between1982and1995.Also,women 30–44yearsofageaccountedfor 54percentofwomen15–44yearsofage in1995comparedwith44percentin 1982.Thesedifferencesinage compositionmayberelevantwhenever timetrendsamongwomen15–44years ofagearebeingdiscussed. Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995 NSFGareavailableoncomputertape. TheywillalsobeavailableonCompact DiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM). Questionsaboutthecostandavailability ofthecomputertapesshouldbedirected totheNationalTechnicalInformation Service(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad, Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650, or1–800-553-NTIS.Questionsregarding theCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedto NCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat 301–436-8500. Results T ables1–17containmeasuresof pregnancyandbirthintheUnited States. ChildrenEverBornandTotal BirthsExpected In1995,women15–44yearsof ageintheUnitedStateshadhadan averageof1.2birthsperwoman (table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in 1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995, women15–44yearsofageexpectedto finishtheirchildbearingwithan averageof2.2childrenperwoman (table1)comparedwith2.2in1988 and2.4in1982(17). Theproportionwhoreportthatthey haveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedly higherforcollegegraduatesthanfor thosewhodidnotcompletehighschool (table3).Thissamepatternbyeducation isalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsare examined(tables4–5):about49percent ofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohad graduatedfromcollegehadhadnolive birthsasofthedateofinterview comparedwithjust8percentofwomen 22–44yearsofagewithoutahigh schooldiploma(table4).Withinrace andHispanicorigingroups,thepattern wasthesame:collegegraduateshad markedlyhigherpercentschildlessthan womenwithlesseducation(table5). Table6showsacomparison betweenlivebirthsreportedinthe NSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirth certificatesintheyears1991–94.In eachindividualcalendaryearandfor thesumoftheyears1991–94,the NSFGestimateofthenumberofbirths isveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotal anddiffersfromitbylessthanthe NSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFG estimateisalsoverycloseforwhite women.TheNSFGestimateforblack womenisslightlylower,andthe estimateforotherracessomewhat higherthanthebirthcertificatedata.A discussionofthisdifferenceisgivenin thedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanic origin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’ Overall,andbycharacteristicsother thanrace,however,table6showsthat TableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995 Age¬ ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomen sherepresentsinthepopulationiscalled her‘‘samplingweight.’’Sampling weightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthis averagevaluedependingonthe respondent’srace,theresponseratefor similarwomen,andotherfactors.As withanysamplesurvey,theestimatesin thisreportaresubjecttosampling variability.SignificancetestsonNSFG datashouldbedonetakingthesampling designintoaccount. Nonsamplingerrorswereminimized bystringentquality-controlprocedures thatincludedthoroughinterviewer training,checkingtheconsistencyof answersduringandaftertheinterview, imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthe samplingweightsfornonresponseand undercoveragetomatchnationaltotals. Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandother statisticalaspectsofthesurveyare describedinmoredetailinanother separatereport(13). Thisreportshowsfindingsby characteristicsofthewomaninterviewed, includingherage,maritalstatus, education,parity,householdincome dividedbythepovertylevel,andraceand Hispanicorigin.Ithasbeenshownthat blackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedly lowerlevelsofincome,education,and accesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance, thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandother factors,ratherthanraceororiginperse, probablyaccountfordifferencesinthe behaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthis reportamongwhite,black,andHispanic women(15). TableBshowsafactorthatshould beconsideredininterpretingtrendsin pregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnited States:thechangingagecompositionof thereproductive-agepopulation.In 1982,therewere54.1millionwomenof reproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in 1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2 million(16).Thelargebabyboom cohort,bornbetween1946and1964, was18–34yearsofagein1982,24–42 yearsofagein1988,and31–49years ofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohorts werepreceded(upto1945)and followed(1965–80)bysmallercohorts. Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen 15–44yearsofageroseby6million,or 11percentbetween1982and1995,the numberofteenagewomendroppedby about6percent,thenumberofwomen 20–24yearsofagedroppedby 15percent,andthenumberofwomen 25–29droppedby6percent(tableB).In contrast,thenumberofwomen30–44 yearsofageincreasedsharply—for example,thenumberofwomen40–44 yearsofageincreasedby59percent between1982and1995.Also,women 30–44yearsofageaccountedfor 54percentofwomen15–44yearsofage in1995comparedwith44percentin 1982.Thesedifferencesinage compositionmayberelevantwhenever timetrendsamongwomen15–44years ofagearebeingdiscussed. Publicusefilesbasedonthe1995 NSFGareavailableoncomputertape. TheywillalsobeavailableonCompact DiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM). Questionsaboutthecostandavailability ofthecomputertapesshouldbedirected totheNationalTechnicalInformation Service(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad, Springfield,VA22161,703–487-4650, or1–800-553-NTIS.Questionsregarding theCD-ROMfilesshouldbedirectedto NCHS’DataDisseminationBranchat 301–436-8500. Results T ables1–17containmeasuresof pregnancyandbirthintheUnited States. ChildrenEverBornandTotal BirthsExpected In1995,women15–44yearsof ageintheUnitedStateshadhadan averageof1.2birthsperwoman (table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in 1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995, women15–44yearsofageexpectedto finishtheirchildbearingwithan averageof2.2childrenperwoman (table1)comparedwith2.2in1988 and2.4in1982(17). Theproportionwhoreportthatthey haveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedly higherforcollegegraduatesthanfor thosewhodidnotcompletehighschool (table3).Thissamepatternbyeducation isalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsare examined(tables4–5):about49percent ofwomen22–44yearsofagewhohad graduatedfromcollegehadhadnolive birthsasofthedateofinterview comparedwithjust8percentofwomen 22–44yearsofagewithoutahigh schooldiploma(table4).Withinrace andHispanicorigingroups,thepattern wasthesame:collegegraduateshad markedlyhigherpercentschildlessthan womenwithlesseducation(table5). Table6showsacomparison betweenlivebirthsreportedinthe NSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirth certificatesintheyears1991–94.In eachindividualcalendaryearandfor thesumoftheyears1991–94,the NSFGestimateofthenumberofbirths isveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotal anddiffersfromitbylessthanthe NSFG’ssamplingerror.TheNSFG estimateisalsoverycloseforwhite women.TheNSFGestimateforblack womenisslightlylower,andthe estimateforotherracessomewhat higherthanthebirthcertificatedata.A discussionofthisdifferenceisgivenin thedefinitionof‘‘RaceandHispanic origin’’inthe‘‘DefinitionsofTerms.’’ Overall,andbycharacteristicsother thanrace,however,table6showsthat TableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995 Age¬ ... 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital Health Stat Series 2 (in preparation). 14. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Statistical abstract of the United States, 1996. Washington: U.S. Department of Commerce....

... reproductive health of U.S. women 15–44 years of age, based on Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted in 2002. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National ... and women’s health outcomes: Contextual data. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 23(23). 2003. statistics; no 238. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. ... Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 1995. population aged 15–44: Results of the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Advance data from vital and health statistics. Hyattsville, MD: National...

... Organization NHMIS National Health Management Information System NPHCDA National Primary Health Care Development Agency NPI National Programme on Immunization NMCP National Malaria Control Programme NMEF National ... Department of Public Health D(PHC) Department of Primary Health Care ENHANS E USAID Implementing Partner FANC Focused Ante-Natal Care FBO Faith Based Organization FMOH Federal Ministry of Health GDP ... defined in the National Malaria Strategic Plan will require a growth and strengthening of the capacity of programme management systems at all levels of the health system. The role of the NMCP...

... years of schooling, yet 71% of females and 73% of males aged 15–19 had completed no more than seven. Only 23% of females and 22% of males aged 15–19 had attended secondary school at the time of ... Reproductive Health in Malawi 14 not withstanding, as a national survey on aspects of sexual and reproductive health, the 2004 MNSA pro- vides detailed information on sexual and reproductive health of ... than 90% of the respondents reported having heard about HIV/AIDS. Adolescents were aware of ways of reducing HIV transmission with 88% of fe- males and 91% of males citing abstinence, 68% of fe- males...

... help people with depression. 19 Women and Depression U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health NIH Publication No. 09 4779 Revised 2009 How does depression ... encourage you to reproduce it and use it in your efforts to improve public health. Citation of the National Institute of Mental Health as a source is ap- preciated. However, using government materials ... increasing American interest in St. John’s wort, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conducted a clini- cal trial to determine the eectiveness of the herb in treat- ing adults suering from major...

... a representative of consumers on its governing body. Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services and any other officer or employee of the Department of Health and Human Services ... with section 7 of the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a note), (v) Date of birth, (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation, (vii) For each professional license: ... accordance with section 7 of the Privacy Act of 1974, (v) Date of birth, (vi) Name of each professional school attended and year of graduation, (vii) For each professional license: the license...

... nonrespondents. Table 14. Percentage of children in excellent or very good health: Comparison of estimates from the National Survey of Children’s Health and the National Health Interview Survey NSCH 1 ... the National Health Interview Survey 21 15. Percentage of children with consistent insurance coverage in past 12 months: Comparison of estimates from the National Survey of Children’s Health ... statistics. As of 2009, Series 3 also includes studies based on surveys that are not part of continuing data systems of the National Center for Health Statistics and international vital and health...

... Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (7) in the heading of subpart 7 of part C of title IV (42 U.S.C. 285g et seq.), by striking the term ‘ National Institute of ... ‘‘Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (4) in section 409D(c)(1) (42 U.S.C. 284h(c)(1)), by striking ‘ National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’ ... Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’’; (5) in section 424(c)(3)(B)(vi) (42 U.S.C. 285b–7(c)(3)(B)(vi)), by striking ‘ National Institute of Child Health and...

... III: THE TRANSLATION OF HEALTH INSURANCE TERMS OF NON-EQUIVALENCE GROUP 28 III.1. The source of non-equivalence problem in the translation of health insurance terms in the US health plans 28 III.2. ... of terminology 11 I.5. Chapter conclusion 13 CHAPTER II: THE TRANSLATION OF HEALTH INSURANCE TERMS OF EQUIVALENCE GROUP 14 II.1. An overview of equivalence relationships in the translation of ... translation of health insurance terms in the US health plans 29 III.2.1. The translation of terms by transference procedure (the use of loan words) 30 III.2.2. The translation of terms by paraphrase...

... đối với sở hữu trí tuệ nhãn hiệu hàng hóa của Cục Sở hữu trí tuệ Việt Nam (National office of intellectual property of Viêt Nam) tại địa bàn Hà Nội Họ và tên sinh viên: Phan Văn Hùng Chuyên ngành:...