nanomaterials for groundwater remediation
Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 1 pptx
... calculations for groundwater and soil remediation / Jeff Kuo p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 1-56670-238-0 (alk paper) Soil remediation Mathematics—Problems, exercises, etc Groundwater Purification—Mathematics—Problems, ... does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying Direct ... Because of differences in the formal education of these professionals, their ability to perform or review remediation design calculations varies considerably For some, performing accurate design calculations...
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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 2 ppt
... capillary fringe (for nonaqueous phase liquids [NAPLs]) Groundwater • Dissolved in the groundwater ©1999 CRC Press LLC • Adsorbed onto the aquifer material • Sitting on top of the bedrock (for dense ... Soil borings and groundwater monitoring wells This section deals with calculations related to installation of soil borings and groundwater monitoring wells and purging before groundwater sampling ... a perfect cylinder II.2.3 Well volume for groundwater sampling Purging is the process of removing stagnant water from a monitoring well before sampling groundwater The stagnant volume includes...
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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 3 potx
... hydraulic conductivity of aquifers For a groundwater remediation project, it is often required to have a good estimate of the hydraulic conductivity before the full-scale groundwater extraction Grain-size ... presents the calculations for groundwater movement and clarifies some common misconceptions about groundwater velocity and hydraulic conductivity Procedures to determine the groundwater flow gradient ... = 300) III.1.5 Determine groundwater flow gradient and flow direction Having a good knowledge of the gradient and direction of groundwater flow is vital to groundwater remediation The gradient and...
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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 4 ppsx
... ©1999 CRC Press LLC The time required for loading and unloading the slurry for each batch is hours Size the batch reactor for this project Strategy The format of the rate equation is a first-order ... determine the rate constant using the given information Then, use this obtained k value to estimate the residence time for other conversions The given information did not tell us the order of the ... the design equations for PFRs in Table IV.3.C and for CFSTRs in Table IV.3.B, the following can be derived: The zeroth-order reaction: The design equations are identical for both reactor types...
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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 5 doc
... derived for a fully confined radial gas flow system in a permeable formation having uniform and constant properties.3-6 References through are the basis for most of the sections on soil venting For ... required cleanup time for each interval by using data from Steps and and Eq V.1.9 Step 8: Sum the required time for each interval to calculate the total cleanup time Information needed for this calculation ... requirements for isothermal and isentropic compression are very similar, as illustrated in this example V.2 V.2.1 Soil bioremediation Description of the soil bioremediation process Soil bioremediation...
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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 6 docx
... treated before being injected back into the aquifer or released to surface water bodies Pump and treat is a general term used for groundwater remediation that removes contaminated groundwater ... hand, if groundwater cleanup is required, the extraction rate may need to be enhanced to shorten the remediation time For both cases, major questions to be answered for design of a groundwater ... carbon, ρb Example VI.2.1B Design an activated carbon system for groundwater remediation Dewatering to lower the groundwater level for below-ground construction is often necessary At a construction...
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Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 7 potx
... control processes for reducing VOC emission from soil /groundwater remediation The process is very effective in removing a wide range of VOCs The most common form of activated carbon for this type ... Discussion For the same off-gas, 800 ppmV of xylene, air dilution is required for catalytic incineration but not required for direct incineration VII.3.2 Supplementary heat requirements For catalytic ... standard conditions The standard conditions are the basis for comparison Unfortunately, the definition of the standard conditions is not universal For U.S EPA the standard conditions are at 77°F (25°C)...
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nanomaterials for solid state hydrogen storage, 2009, p.346
... compositions for gas hydrogen storage through careful partial substitutions for A and B in AB5 formula [75] The compositional changes have reduced the raw materials costs to about 30% of that for the ... stationary storage of nuclear energy in the form of solid hydride it was too heavy for storage of hydrogen for transportation energy Anyway, the needs for cars propelled by hydrogen fuel were not ... drivers for hydride research became evident: energy security as to secure uninterrupted supply of energy for still unsustainable world 22 Introduction economies, and ever-growing needs for fuels for...
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nanomaterials for application in medicine and biology, 2008, p.201
... biological structures such as proteins and DNA allows for the direct integration of nanomaterials into biological systems Last, it offers a platform for the emerging research field of bio-nanotechnology ... chip-sensors for diagnostic and patient monitoring Nanomaterials for Biomedicine 2.1 Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoporation Initial experiments probing the usefulness of nanostructures for cell manipulation ... inset) that can be functionalized for early diagnosis of diseases, including other disease forms for which specific markers are known We are currently using the chips for prenatal diagnosis at early...
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nanomaterials for nanoscience and nanotechnology, 2000, p.132
... an aggregation of atoms is formed, and is the first step of phase transformation The growth of nuclei results in the formation of large crystalline particles Therefore, study of nanocrystals ... undergo extensive tensible deformation without necking or fracture Grain boundary diffusion and sliding are the two key requirements for superplasticity Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ... ideal system for quantum well structure The semiconductor heterostructured material is the optimum candidate for fabricating electronic and photonic nanodevices [28] Nanomaterials for Nanoscience...
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nanotechnology for environmental remediation, 2006, p.169
... nanoscale ZVI for environmental remediation Zero-valence state metals (such as Fe0 , Zn0 , Sn0 , and Al0 ) are surprisingly effective agents for the remediation of contaminated groundwaters (Powell ... traditional pump-and-treat systems for the in situ remediation of groundwater Reactive materials are chosen for their ability to remain sufficiently reactive for periods of years to decades and ... (denoted here as nZVI) has been attractive for environmental remediation as it is nontoxic, abundant, and potentially least costly The use of nZVI for remediation provides fundamental research...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 1 pptx
... an aggregation of atoms is formed, and is the first step of phase transformation The growth of nuclei results in the formation of large crystalline particles Therefore, study of nanocrystals ... undergo extensive tensible deformation without necking or fracture Grain boundary diffusion and sliding are the two key requirements for superplasticity Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ... ideal system for quantum well structure The semiconductor heterostructured material is the optimum candidate for fabricating electronic and photonic nanodevices [28] Nanomaterials for Nanoscience...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 2 pps
... The Debye equation is actually in the form of a three dimensional Fourier transform, in the case where spherical symmetry can be assumed As such, some feeling for the details of powder diffraction ... which information about the particle size and external form is concentrated No details of the internal atomic arrangements are contained in the small-angle intensity distribution (see [3,4,6] for ... information Thirdly, the finite size of domains will result in the convolution of domain-size information with the more intense features of the internal domain structure This domain size information...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 3 potx
... pairdistribution function for inter-atomic distances, P(r), is assumed to be Gaussian The term exp(-2r/l(k)) accounts for the finite photoelectron lifetime and represents the probability for the photoelectron ... contribution by applying a Fourier transform By extracting and analyzing the EXAFS signal we can obtain estimates for the structural parameters: N, r and s for each shell, however, this requires, ... between surface planes [44] As for the coordination number (N), the estimated value (7.2) is smaller than the expected one (» 9.3) for an ideal nm fcc particle formed by » 200 atoms Several experimental...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 4 docx
... microscope 3.2 High-resolution TEM lattice imaging 3.2.1 Image formation As a start, we first illustrate the image formation process in an TEM [2] For easy illustration, an TEM is simplified into a single ... the information transfer of the objective lens system The dynamic diffraction process is to solve the Schrödinger equation under given boundary conditions There are several approaches for performing ... propagation of the modulated wave in ªvacuumº for a distance Áz along the beam direction before striking the next crystal slice The wave function before and after transmitting a crystal slice is...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 6 pdf
... released in the form of photons (or x-rays) (Figure 3-23b) The energies of the emitted x-rays are quantized and they are fingerprints of the corresponding elements and are used for chemical microanalysis ... which the electron is decelerated due to the attractive force Fz = (± e)Ez owing to the field of the induced charges, resulting in energy-loss For a general case in which the incident electron is ... ) e
oe0 (3-13) for the dielectric media considered It is important to note that Vi(r,r0) is o-dependent The potential distribution in space is a quasi-electrostatic potential for each point along...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 8 ppt
... versatility for modification or construction of various STEM detectors Interchangeable annular detectors, for example, can be installed to provide flexibility for ADF imaging or for special imaging ... D(K) plays a significant role in determining the final form of STEM images For example, if D(K) for all scattering angles, the STEM image is formed by collecting all the high-energy electrons penetrating ... overlapping discs The numeral stands for twobeam interference, for three-beam interference, for four-beam interference, and the letter D indicates detector positions for dark-field lattice imaging...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 9 pot
... signal is enhanced for thick specimens For imaging thick samples consisting of metal particles dispersed on a light-element support, BF TEM or STEM images can not give much information about the ... with the scattering power of the particles (Fig 4-14a) For an infinitely small electron probe, the image intensity profile should give information about the shape of nanoparticles with an atomic ... the object make HAADF imaging the most powerful STEM technique for characterizing small particles, interfaces, and superstructures For example, supported nanoparticles with sizes < nm are difficult...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 10 pps
... diffraction pattern should provide information about the relative phases of all diffracted beams, the basis for unambiguous structure analysis of crystals A new technique for determining atomic positions ... amount of material that generates and emits secondary electrons is greater for down-steps than for a flat surface and is less for up-steps [106] 4.5.4 Image contrast of small particles When the radius ... impossible to extract information about the shape of nanoparticles with sizes less than the escape depth of the collected secondary electrons Therefore, we cannot extract information about detailed...
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Nanomaterials for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology part 11 pdf
... can be performed on-line Quantification of these spectra, however, is not straightforward, especially for analysis of nanoparticles Low signal-to-noise ratio often poses a severe problem for quantitative ... nanoparticles 141] This type of information is extremely important for understanding the role of nanoparticles during catalytic reactions Electron energy-loss images, formed by selecting characteristic ... analyzing millions of spectra for each sample Quantitative EELS imaging is, however, a powerful method for spatial interpretation of elemental, chemical, and other important information related to the...
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