na from the leaves to the roots and excretion via salt glands
plant physiological ecology (lambers et al 2008)
... Between Roots and Leaves 5.4.2 Hormonal Signals That Travel via the Xylem to the Leaves 5.4.3 Signals That Travel from the Leaves to the Roots 5.4.4 Integrating Signals from the Leaves and the Roots ... Energy-Dependent Salt Exclusion from the Xylem 3.4.4 Transport of Na from the Leaves to the Roots and Excretion via Salt Glands 3.4.5 Compartmentation of Salt Within the Cell and Accumulation of Compatible ... carrier), and then to free plastoquinone Plastoquinone (PQ) is subsequently reduced and transported to the cytochrome b/f complex In the process protons are transported across the membrane into the...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Environmental control of CO assimilation rate and leaf 2 conductance in two species of the tropical rain forest of French Guiana (Jacaranda copaia D. Don and Eperua falcata Aubl.)" pdf
... development and relief of water deficits in dry season Oecologia (Berlin) 74, 441-450 the Grieu P., Guehl J.M & Aussenac G (1988) The effects of soil and atmospheric drought on photosynthesis and stomatal ... fact, the diurnal changes in A in the J copaia leaflets were clearly related to the changes of leaf -to- air water vapor pressure difference (Aw), these latter being closely associated with the variations ... indicating that the changes in A are primarily due to alterations of mesophyll photosynthesis (Jones, 1985) The midday depression of A in J copaia was not related to the diurnal changes of leaf...
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The Sensitivity of Bank Net Interest Margins and Profitability to Credit, Interest-Rate, and Term-Structure Shocks Across Bank Product Specializations potx
... frequencies The hypothesis of a random walk is perhaps most appropriate for the period under analysis From 1984 to the present, there have been several regime shifts in interest-rate levels due to the ... Conceptually, the value of the shareholders’ interest can be thought of as a call option on the assets of the firm, with the ability to put the assets to the debt holders if the value of the assets ... estimation to international banks The statistical significance of explanatory variables and the size of coefficients for these variables vary considerably across bank groups The goodness of the fit...
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WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 546 / NOVEMBER 2005: THE NATURAL REAL INTEREST RATE AND THE OUTPUT GAP IN THE EURO AREA A JOINT ESTIMATION doc
... stronger in the euro area compared to the US and Germany The null hypothesis that the coecients of the ination terms, b (L), sum to one in the Phillips curve is not rejected by the data 12 The BFGS ... rate gap on the output gap, ar , seems to be somewhat weeker in the euro area than in the US and Germany The eect of a change in the output gap on ination, on the other hand, seems to be slightly ... used in this analysis, namely log output yt , log potential output yt , the output gap yt , the actual and the natural real rate and the real rate gap (rt , rt and rt ) and ination t A notable...
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Báo cáo y học: "Effects of p-Synephrine alone and in Combination with Selected Bioflavonoids on Resting Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Self-Reported Mood Changes"
... of the study nor were there any differences in a self-reported rating of 10 common symptoms between the treated and placebo groups The data suggests the combination of the flavonoids naringin and ... study The lack of significant differences between the treatment groups and the control group with respect to the self-report ratings of symptoms increases confidence in the safety of the combination ... treatment groups, and the increases in RMR in the treatment groups The weakness of this study is the small number (10) of subjects in the placebo and in each of the treatment groups The study also...
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Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigation of Gold NanoparticleFormation: Ligand and Temperature Effects on Rate and Particle Size
... counted to determine the size and the size dispersion b The AuNPs were less than 1.0 nm, and we were unable to determine the size due to the very low contrast in the TEM image c The number in parentheses ... this process to use time-dependent TEM analysis to correlate the size and the size dispersion of the AuNPS with the LSPR behavior Figure 3A shows the trends in the particle size and the size dispersion ... mmol) of TOA The color of the solution gradually changed from light purple to purple, and 65 after the addition of 9-BBN, the color was reddish purple The stirring was stopped, and the solution...
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2013 DAILY RATES UPS Rate and SeRvice GUide pdf
... Multiply the shipment length by the width by the height The result is the cubic size Divide the cubic size by the dimensional weight factor located in the matrix below to determine the dimensional ... Expedited® WITHIN DAYS FROM CANADA UPS Day Select® from Canada DAY-DEFINITE UPS StandardSM – From Canada – From Mexico Some shipments to and from certain locations may require additional time in transit ... to stabilize the load, not to secure it to the pallet – Strapping or banding should be used in conjunction with stretch wrap to secure the load to the pallet Top/Bottom Load Protector – Layers...
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What is the neutral real interest rate, and how can we use it? doc
... order to induce them to save, and the further to the left the investment projects would be financially viable We expect saving curve will lie the market real interest rate to be approximately the ... rate Therefore, the determinants of the long run the box for country-specific risk premia When we bring cyclical influences into the analysis, we add another component to figure - the degree to ... mid-point of the target band, the output gap back to This suggests that another way of thinking about the NRR is zero, and the exchange rate back to equilibrium, assuming to ask whether the real...
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CHANGES IN BANK RATE, MINIMUM LENDING RATE, MINIMUM BAND DEALING RATE, REPO RATE AND OFFICIAL BANK RATE pdf
... - Data obtained from Barclays Bank, Lloyds/TSB Bank, HSBC Bank and National Westminster Bank whose rates are used to compile this series Where all the rates did not change on the same day a spread ... Feb Mar 1.5000 1.0000 0.5000 CHANGES IN BANK RATE, MINIMUM LENDING RATE, MINIMUM BAND DEALING RATE, REPO RATE AND OFFICIAL BANK RATE Date effective New rate % Bank Rate 1694 Oct 6.0000 1695 Jan ... 14.0000 13.0000 12.0000 14.0000 17.0000 1980 25 Jul Nov 16.0000 14.0000 1981 11 Mar 12.0000 Min.Band Dealing Rate 1981 25 15 12 28 25 Aug Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Nov Dec 12.6875 14.0000 15.0000 15.1250...
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WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 393 / SEPTEMBER 2004: THE DETERMINANTS OF THE OVERNIGHT INTEREST RATE IN THE EURO AREA doc
... interest rate up to the level expected to prevail at the last day of the maintenance period The level of the interest rate at the last day depends on the slope of the demand curve and the deviation of ... increase the expected rate and therefore also the current interbank rate, but the amount of the increase depends on both the size of underbidding and the slope of the demand curve There is then an ... on the assets side and reserves holdings and autonomous factors on the liabilities side From the balance sheet identity and given the supply of liquidity, it is easy to see that a change in the...
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Derivative Exposure and the Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Risks of U.S. Banks ppt
... THE WHARTON FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS CENTER The Wharton Financial Institutions Center provides a multi-disciplinary research approach to the problems and opportunities facing the financial ... respect to the strong dollar dummy, and banks with respect to the weak dollar dummy The differential response to the strong and weak dollar period is likely to be related to a bank’s basic and derivative ... examine the effect of the change in U.S monetary policy regime from interest rate targeting to bank reserve targeting in October 1979 (0 for pre-October 1979 and thereafter) and the regulatory change...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Sweat rate and sodium loss during work in the heat" ppt
... wetting their hair, abstain from drinking, eating, or urinating, and to ensure they were completely dry before re-dressing into the clothes in which they were originally weighed After reweighing, the ... gland density and sensitivity (receptors on the sweat duct) may have more influence than thought on the sweat response and the ability of the sweat gland to reabsorb sodium Seasonal change to ... between the knee and hip The devices were secured to the limbs after the sites had been shaved and sterilised with alcohol swabs The subjects continued to cycle for a further 20 minutes after the...
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Báo cáo toán học: " Mind the information gap: fertility rate and use of cesarean delivery and tocolytic hospitalizations in Taiwan" pdf
... 182,177.66a Total 3,044 NA NA a Due to the implementation of global budgeting in 2001, those revenues are the points of worth for singleton deliveries and inpatient tocolysis from 2001 to 2004, and they ... distribution, and the vector W represents all exogenous right hand side variables Clearly, the magnitude of the marginal effect is conditional on the value of the independent variables The marginal effect ... is the bivariate normal density function Empirically, we took double difference from the multinomial probit models to get the marginal effects of the interaction terms and thereby answered the...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Adaptive access and rate control of CSMA for energy, rate, and delay optimization" docx
... converges to the optimal policy for the original continuous problem, as the density of the grid increases [32] For the problem in hand the utility and the state update functions are continuous and ... computed and stored offline Then, they will be used online to dynamically adapt the actions to the system state As described earlier, the system state definition can support uncorrelated, first- and ... only on the final state of the system, as the state update function we can is the final stage utility which depends and it can include some limitations or penalties on the final state of the system...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article A New Achievable Rate and the Capacity of Some Classes of Multilevel Relay Network" potx
... the channel from the transmitter to the relay is orthogonal to the channel from the sender and relay to the sink In other words, transmission on direct channel from the sender to the sink does ... for the communication between a source X0 and a sink Y0 via N intermediate nodes called relays The relays receive signals from the source and other nodes and then transmit their information to ... 5, where the channels in the same frequency band are shown by the lines with the same type The capacity is given by the following theorem Theorem (see [5, Theorem]) The capacity of the relay...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article New Method to Determine the Range of DVB-H Networks and the Influence of MPE-FEC Rate and Modulation Scheme" doc
... value These CINR|MFER5% values have been determined in [6, 7, 13] RCINR|5 is then defined as the distance between ITx and the location of the sample in the window that is the furthest away from the ... within the network The range is then calculated as the radius of the circle around the transmitter for which the probability to meet the CINR requirement on the edge is, for example, equal to 95%, ... into account the predicted average path loss at a certain distance from the transmitter and the standard deviation of the path loss values around the predicted value When comparing our method to...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Rate and Power Allocation for Discrete-Rate Link Adaptation" pdf
... find the optimal set of switching levels {γTn,1 }N=1 , n we first calculate the gradient of the MASAN —as defined by (19)—with respect to the switching levels The gradient is then set to zero, and ... γT1,1 and γT2,1 The MASA can then be expressed as a function of γT1,1 and γT2,1 only We have now used N − equations from the set in (20), and the two remaining equations could be used in order to ... discrete-rate signalling? On the other hand, in [4, 16–18], the question is: given that the system can utilize N transmission rates, what is the maximum spectral efficiency? Another key difference...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Combined Rate and Power Allocation with Link Scheduling in Wireless Data Packet Relay Networks with Fading Channels" pptx
... corresponds to the cost on the interval [0, T), and the term ρEv(x , y , l, i ) is the discounted optimal cost -to- go from T to ∞ The second component at the right-hand side of (17) is interpreted analogously ... problem Here the infimum is computed from all admissible controls using the available (channel and buffer) information, and the rate and power are then assigned to the active link The dynamic programming ... feedback channel from the relay to M Huang and S Dey the source; consequently, the source deletes that packet and continues with the transmission of the next one if its channel (i.e., the incoming...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article On Sum Rate and Power Consumption of Multi-User Distributed Antenna System with Circular " pdf
... and pk be the transmitted signal with unit energy and the transmit power of the kth user, respectively Let hk ∈ CN ×1 denote the vector channel between the kth user and the distributed antennas ... asymptotic per-user sum rate and the asymptotic total transmit power Then, we optimize a to get the best performance As antennas are mutually independent and uniformly distributed on the circle, their ... antennas We assume the coordinates of the nth antenna are (a, ((n − 1)π/4)), n = 1, 2, , These antennas divide the circular area into eight congruent sectors with the polar angle of the nth...
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Tìm thêm: xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế tiến hành xây dựng chương trình đào tạo dành cho đối tượng không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam điều tra đối với đối tượng giảng viên và đối tượng quản lí điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam xác định mức độ đáp ứng về văn hoá và chuyên môn trong ct phát huy những thành tựu công nghệ mới nhất được áp dụng vào công tác dạy và học ngoại ngữ mở máy động cơ lồng sóc mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn đặc tuyến hiệu suất h fi p2 đặc tuyến mômen quay m fi p2 đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 đặc tuyến dòng điện stato i1 fi p2 sự cần thiết phải đầu tư xây dựng nhà máy thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25