multiple binding modes observed in x ray structures of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor complexes and other systems consequences for structure based drug design
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Morphological and functional variability in the root system of Quercus ilex L. subject to confinement: consequences for afforestation" ppt
... (OSMOCOTE Mini 18+6+11) was incorporated into the bulk substrate in a dose of 3.5 g L−1 Forty seedlings were cultivated in each container type according to a completely randomized design and using ... root systems [6] In particular, the herringbone and dichotomous structures are extreme cases of a wide range of topologies The herringbone system appears when branching is confined to the main axis, ... root system For example, ribs or slits on the cell inner walls prevent root spiralling, and holes in the base facilitate drainage and encourage air pruning of roots Continual air pruning induces...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Molecular determinants of ligand specificity in family 11 carbohydrate binding modules – an NMR, X-ray crystallography and computational chemistry approach doc
... been grouped into three subfamilies: ‘surface -binding CBMs (type A), ‘glycan-chain -binding CBMs (type B), and ‘small sugar -binding CBMs (type C) [5] Determinants of ligand specificity in CtCBM11 ... could indicate that the corresponding hydroxyl groups are involved in protein binding The results for the linebroadening measurements of protons H1a in the alpha and beta configurations, aHa1 and ... carbohydrate conformation in the X- ray structures of CBM4 and CBM17 complexed with cellopentaose and cellohexaose, respectively [13,23] The involvement of the tyrosine residues in the stabilization of the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Protein interactions in the sumoylation cascade – lessons from X-ray structures pdf
... respectively), and Nedd8 E1 is composed of APPBP1 (APP binding protein 1) and uba3 The domain structures of Aos1 and APPBP1 resemble the N-termini, and those of uba2 and uba3 resemble the C-termini, of the ... high-resolution structures of the proteins and protein complexes involved in ubiquitination, sumoylation and another ubiquitin-like modification, neddylation [conjugation of Nedd8 (for neural cell-expressed ... SENP2, protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) and Ran binding protein (RanBP2) [16–20] The N-terminal loops of SUMO proteins are not homologous to those of ubiquitin and Nedd8, and their functions...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Catalytic reaction mechanism of Pseudomonas stutzeri L-rhamnose isomerase deduced from X-ray structures doc
... However, in the binding of a ring conformation, O3 and O4 coordinate with Mn1, because O2 and O4 in a ring conformation are too far from each other to coordinate with Mn1 Consequently, O5 of a ring ... found in Mol-A ⁄ Mo-D and the BC-form in Mol-B ⁄ Mol-C Complex structure of S329K with the linear conformation substrate In previously reported structures of P stutzeri l-RhI in complexes with ... and O5, acting as an acid–base catalyst for ring opening of a substrate To elucidate the six-membered ring (pyranose ring) structure of l-rhamnose, we also carried out X- ray structure determination...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 1 docx
... in the x- z plane, Table 2.1 Parameters of the RAY- sources Name Width Height x y Matrix Point MA PO Hard Hard soft Hard Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft Hard Hard soft Hard Soft Soft Soft Soft Soft ... BESSY in 1984 for basic raytracing calculations of VUV- and soft X- ray optical schemes [1] Since that time RAY has been in continuous evolution and it has grown into a widely used design tool for ... PC-Windows version 2.2 Beamline Design and Modelling The raytracing program RAY simulates the imaging and focussing properties of an optical system It randomly creates a set of rays within various...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 2 pptx
... Crystallography and Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992) 39 W.H Zachariasen, Theory of X- ray Diffraction in Crystals, (Wiley, New York, 1945) 40 Z.G Pinsker, Dynamical Scattering of X- rays in Crystals, ... Sch¨fers, N Artemiev, in Advances in Computational Methods for a X- Ray and Neutron Optics SPIE-Proceedings, vol 5536, 2004, pp 61–70 13 A Erko, in X- Ray Optics; Raytracing model of a Zoneplate, ed ... Atomic Scattering Factors for X- Rays in International Tables for X- Ray Crystallography, vol IV (Kynoch Press, Birmingham, 1974), pp 71–147 34 E.D Palik (ed.), Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 3 doc
... 5.5 Beamline Modeling PHASE has mainly been used to model the highly grazing incidence systems required for XUV and X- ray beamlines The effect of diffraction gratings can also be included in PHASE ... obtained using X- ray WGs In this chapter we will present a theoretical analysis of X- ray WGs, analyzing their efficiency, the formation of the resonance modes inside the guiding layer, and the main ... aperture and d1 is the extension of the electromagnetic field into the cladding layers Then for an incident X- ray beam of wavelength λ and an angle of grazing incidence Φ2 onto the internal interfaces...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 4 potx
... 6.7a, b shows in more detail the distribution at the exit of the WG, and Fig 6.7c, d the cross-section profiles just at the WG exit at a distance x = xdif for X = Xmin and X = Xmin /2, respectively ... geometry in the front and side view showing the increasing line density and aspect-ratio of the zone structures within the radius resolution, δ, obtainable with an objective is for incoherent imaging ... seen, for X = Xmin the WG can provide a single mode coherent beam, whilst for X = Xmin /2 a clear mode mixing takes place 6.3.3 Material and Absorption Considerations In the front coupling mode...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 5 doc
... aperture 8.5 The In uence of Interdiffusion and Roughness Up to now X- ray microscopes mainly operate in the soft X- ray wavelength range between the K-absorption edges of oxygen and carbon (2.34–4.37 ... equation systems expressed in matrix notation are obtained: dAi (z) = Mi Ai (z), (8.57) dz where Mi denotes the complex general matrix containing the X- ray optical and illumination parameters of the ... this effect is taken into account by subdividing the zone structures in their height (z-axis) into N layers and by randomly shifting the ith layer by Δxi in the radial direction for roughness simulation...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 6 pptx
... main centers of interest: high resolution X- ray imaging on the one hand, and improvement of the spatial quality of collimated X- ray beams on the other hand Applications are, for example, EUV photolithography, ... m in length as in synchrotron radiation beam lines It is possible to acquire information about slope and height deviations and the radius of curvature of a sample in the form of line scans and ... data of NOM measurements only (Fig 12.3) For this purpose a measuring point spacing of 12 Shape Optimization of High Performance X- Ray Optics 203 12 initial state after mechanical polishing slope...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 7 doc
... sample, and are expected to become standard elements in synchrotron beamlines instrumentation in general and in high energy X- ray microscopy in particular 17.2 X- Ray Microscopy The history of X- ray ... a commonly performed test of the reflectance efficiency and consists of probing the multilayer by means of a thin X- ray beam incident on the coating and measuring the reflectivity in the specular ... present being very actively pursued In particular, the use of wideband multilayer coatings is foreseen in the next generation of soft (E < 10 keV) and hard X- ray (E > 10 keV) telescopes with imaging...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 8 doc
... using single and multiple reflections are relatively efficient and are, in some cases, unique instruments for beam shaping of X- rays from laboratory sources as well as of synchrotron radiation In ... two-dimensional mapping of a focal spot was performed using a platinum pinhole of μm in diameter and a scintillation counter The results of measurements are shown in Fig 18.15a, b A flux density gain was measured ... developed based on capillary optics X- ray microprobes are widely used in combination with the most modern experimental techniques, such as the X- ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X- ray fluorescence...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 9 potx
... http://www.elettra.trieste.it/experiments/beamlines/syrmep/index.html 30 K Kohra, in Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on X- Ray Optics and Microanalysis, ed by G Shinoda, K Kohra, T Ichinokawa (University of ... soft X- ray contact microscopy, or micromachining of polymers by direct photoetching Grazing incidence X- ray optics can be used to collect the radiation in a wide wavelength range However, X- rays ... grazing incidence X- ray mirror systems based on single reflections have been studied, including modelling of optical performance, effects of surface figure errors and micro-roughness, actual performances...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 10 doc
... Another application example of ultra-short period MLs is coatings in hard X- ray telescopes working above 50 keV, e.g W/Si and Pt/C [14] Here, the angle of incidence is inherently grazing even for ... wavelength of 0.47 nm In the case of X- rays, fits to the data using the program Parrat [16] enabled us to determine average values for the thickness and roughness of the two individual layers and one extra ... the interface roughness σ and mixing quantified as σeff − σ being minimized at 80◦ C Examples of the XRR and GIXDS simulations are shown in Fig 24.1 with the simulation parameters gathered in Table...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 11 docx
... the power of inverse of the complex refractive index of the next (outer) layer, including an inclination term Thus inreflectance is not defined for the outermost layer Maximizing the inreflectance ... the design of a multilayer coating in which the refractive index varies continuously in depth In this case, an inhomogeneous coating with a refractive index profile can be optimized, in principle, ... optimizing Si/Mo multilayers with: • Intermixed zones of MoSi2 that were taken into account in the optimization, resulting in a slight reflectivity increase compared to designs ignoring the intermixing...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 12 pps
... surfaces in reciprocal space [5, 6] The points P0,1 and P0,2 are the origins of the impinging vectors, directed into the origin, O, of the reciprocal space, points Ph,1 and Ph,2 are the origins of ... 28.1 Introduction Experimental and theoretical data point to a new application of nanometer radiation in diagnostics, transmission and processing of information: X- ray electronics as a branch of ... (Umweganregung) The extreme case of this is the simulation of forbidden primary reflection For X- rays, the positive MBR-peaks were first observed by Renninger [10] and Moon and Shull for neutrons in mosaic...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 13 doc
... tested in its beam expanding and in beam compressing modes at ESRF [12, 13], see Fig 29.6 In comparison with the X- ray magnifier, the exposition time on the same film and with nearly the same incident ... light and X- rays, the mathematical description for both follows an exponential decay law The intensity, I, of X- ray photons transmitted through a thin foil of material for an incident intensity, ... experimental curves of the diffracted X- ray radiation intensity, I, as a function of the detector scanning angle, ΔΘ, where ΔΘB = 0.823◦ and for different values of the amplitude of the input sinusoidal...
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Modern Developments in X-Ray and Neutron Optics Episode 14 pps
... Huygens–Fresnel principle, 74 Imaging systems, method for determining focus position, 28 In- line X- ray optics, 508 Inclined diffraction, wave vectors in reciprocal space for, 442 Induction-hardened ... 141 focusing efficiency, 270 for hard X- ray applications, 267 for soft and hard X- rays, 259 high-order diffraction of, 154 interdiffusion and roughness line-to-space ratio in uence on, 15 lithographic ... focusing guides, 123 extraction guide system, 51 530 Index extraction system, 49 focusing parameters affecting, 115 optical index for, 118 phase-space mapping, 43 polarization of, 356 scattering,...
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Báo cáo y học: "Extravascular lung water index measurement in critically ill children does not correlate with a chest x-ray score of pulmonary edema" docx
... milliliters and indexed to body surface area (ml/m2) Extravascular lung water is also expressed in milliliters and indexed to body weight (ml/kg) Chest x- ray The chest x- rays were obtained in anteroposterior ... shown in Appendix and indexed to actual body weight Cardiac output is expressed in liters per minute and indexed to body surface area (l/min/m2) Global end diastolic volume is expressed in milliliters ... routine chest x- ray in critically ill children is justified to quantify the amount of pulmonary edema This is in accordance with other studies considering the clinical value of routine chest x- rays...
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Báo cáo y học: "Correction: Extravascular lung water index measurement in critically ill children does not correlate with a chest x-ray score of pulmonary edem" doc
... http://ccforum.com/content/14/4/430 Page of Table Patient characteristics per patient Diagnosis Length of PICU stay (days) Ventilator days Probability of death PRISM II % 14.0 Near Drowning 19 ... Probability of death PIM % Outcome 60 survived F 83 18.0 Reconstruction of pulmonary artery 18 16 survived F 23 14.0 Abdominal surgery 78 17 survived F 8.5 RSV 16 15 11 survived F 31 16.0 Meningococcal ... Tetrology of Fallot repair 16 14 18 survived F 6.5 Reconstruction of pulmonary artery 2 survived M 4.4 VSD repair 13 26 survived 10 M 36 15.0 Meningococcal disease survived 11 M 9.0 Meningococcal...
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