... angle of the position of the sun relative to the orientation of the tilted surface is known The cosine of the angle between the sun and the vertical of the plane has to be considered in the calculation ... different from the erythema action spectrum Therefore many of the findings relating to the variability of erythemally weighted irradiance can be interpreted in the same way for the generalized ... 2.2 The Sun The solar spectrum outside of the Earth’s atmosphere is close to the spectrum of a black body with a temperature of about 5,800 K Thespectral distribution follows the continuous spectral...
... representative of the environmental extremes of the species distribution They were bred in a greenhouse in the EEA INTA Bariloche, Argentina In addition, we carried out some of these measurements ... over the calculation interval, ∆R*, and ∆P is the change in turgor over the same interval; R*a is the relative apoplastic water content R* was calculated as (Wf – Wd)/(Wt – Wd), where Wf is the ... loss On the other hand, plants species classified as water spenders have the opposite characteristics Despite of ecological and economical value of A chilensis in Patagonian region, there are...
... 0.25 mol·l–1BaCl2 The air in the flask was renewed with CO2-free air before the CO2 traps were replaced inside the flasks Finally, the released CO2 (mg·kg–1) was calculated by the equation (1): ... is located on the border between China and North Korea (41°41'–42°51'N; 127°43' to 128°16'E) The area of the reserve is about 1,985 km2 and the highest elevation is 2,734 m a.s.l The reserve, ... (g) The soil accumulative C mineralization quantity equalled the sum of soil released CO2-C (g·air-dried soil–1) The first-order decay model was used to simulate the relationship between the...
... a parallel way as the ratio RSAC/RSAN was practically constant along the experiment Similarly, the partitioning of winter C and N and the partitioning of the whole C and N in the plant proceeded ... leaves led to an increase of the C:N ratio in this period In first year leaves, similar changes in the C:N ratios during the same period were only the consequence of the lower N concentration observed ... concentration (N) and the ratio of the two (C:N) in different plant parts and in the whole plant Values are the average of replicates ± one standard error Different letters in the same line means...
... [RH]) The chamber (1 000 L) which held 20 containers, was divided into tightly sealed compartments: the upper compartment (750 L) contained the canopy of the plants, and the lower one (250 L) the ... The C content in the whole seedlings increased exponentially and similarly from day to day 39 under the two COtreatments (figure 2) After day 39, corresponding to the end of C and N loss by the ... CO(R:S = 0.40) The N content in the whole seedlings increased exponentially and similarly under the two COtreatments from day to day 39 (figure 2) After the end of loss of C and N by the seed, and...
... all the leaves of that flush expand and mature at about the same time, although there is an acropetal developmental gradient within the flush Northern red oak leaves become autotrophic (they ... for the acquisition and internal maintenance of adequate levels Ammonium (NH+) and nitrate (N0 are ) the major inorganic nitrogen ions in the soil and litter The concentration of these ions in the ... vascular connections to the source leaf and receive little !4C The influence of sink strength is also illustrated in Table I by the percent !4C incorporated into the third leaf above the source leaf...
... induction or repression, the treatments are ranked so that the treatment that causes the most induction or repression will be assigned the number furthest from zero The four hypothetical genes in Figure ... regulation of these funcats in all of the sub-models This analysis enabled us to determine into which sub-models the genes from these funcats fell and to determine whether the genes in these funcats ... were used as the parent list, n was the number of genes in Model CN-enhanced (the child list), k was the number of genes in the pathway being analyzed and in the child list, and p was the number...
... processes Systems support these processes need not have the rigorous HA requirements of the other tiers The next step for the business is to evaluate the capabilities of the various HA systems and ... by the system We show these terms in uppercase in order to distinguish them from terms you define Unless terms appear in brackets, enter them in the order and with the spelling shown Because these ... Enter these elements as shown xviii Example Ensure that the recovery catalog and target database not reside on the same disk You can back up the database by using the BACKUP command Query the TABLE_NAME...
... footprint The opinions expressed in the report are those of the respondents and not represent those of the stakeholders involved in the survey, namely the Organic Agriculture Centre of Canada, the ... while the methane emitted by ruminants is the major limitation of their use, by allowing efficient use of often marginal land they play a critical role in global food security Furthermore, the ... increases within the top 7.5 cm of the soil profile, but results in no changes over the entire profile [108-110] The Michigan study only measured soil C changes in the top 7.5 cm, so the C sequestration...
... range test at p ≤ 0.05 The effect of the initial nitrogen concentration in the medium for cell growth and metabolite production was studied in P ginseng cell cultures The initial nitrogen level ... Institute Inc., Cary, USA) Results and discussion To understand the culture characteristics of the suspended cells of ginseng in shake flask, the effect of plant growth regulators (2,4-D or IBA or NAA ... sucrose level was benificial to secondary metabolite synthesis [12] For example, Weselake et al [13] reported that the triacylglycerol content of the cells of oil seed rape could be increase about...
... processes Systems support these processes need not have the rigorous HA requirements of the other tiers The next step for the business is to evaluate the capabilities of the various HA systems and ... by the system We show these terms in uppercase in order to distinguish them from terms you define Unless terms appear in brackets, enter them in the order and with the spelling shown Because these ... Enter these elements as shown xviii Example Ensure that the recovery catalog and target database not reside on the same disk You can back up the database by using the BACKUP command Query the TABLE_NAME...
... urban smog In the troposphere, O3 is also a significant greenhouse gas The threefold increase of the O3 concentration in the northern hemisphere during the past 100 years has made it the third most ... the next 20 years (Table 2) therefore hardly affect the emissions of BC, OC or CO The influence of the CH4 and BC measures is thus the same regardless of whether the CO2 measures are imposed ... close to the Arctic, as well as to the climate impact of pollutants in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere Much of the need for implementation lies within Europe and North America The identified...
... in the wealth and growth of the economy, they bear a high risk in achieving their forecast profitability through maintaining budgeted costs Most of the super-projects have either exceeded their ... industries The more significant contributors to the cost ‘blow-outs’ experienced by these projects can be attributed to the complexity of their engineering design, both in technology and in the complex ... in their feasibility prospectus scope This has been the case not only with projects in the process industry but also with the development of infrastructure and high-technology projects in the...
... 705 The building blocks of artificial neural networks, where σ is the non-linearity, xi the output of unit i, x j the input to unit j, and wi j are the weights that connect ... or risk profile) 92 Shape of the Weibull density function, F(t), for different values of β 100 The Weibull graph chart for different percentage values of the failure distribution ... 169 Effects of λ on the probability density function 199 Effects of λ on the reliability function 199 Example exponential probability graph...
... increases in the wealth and growth of the economy, they bear a high risk in achieving their forecast profitability through maintaining budgeted costs Because of the complexity of design of these projects, ... functions and their related equipment The integrity of engineering design therefore includes the design criteria of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of systems and equipment The overall ... of the super-projects researched by the author have either exceeded their budgeted establishment costs or have experienced operational costs far in excess of what was originally estimated in their...
... with the reliability estimate, there is also a measure of the significance or accuracy of the estimate, termed the ‘confidence level’ This measure depends upon the amount of data available and/or the ... referenced at the end of each following chapter Additionally, a listing of books on the scope of the theory covered is given in Appendix B However, besides these methods and techniques and theory, ... final conclusion of the results These statistical techniques are predominantly couched in probability theory The usual meaning of the term reliability is understood to be the probability of performing...
... thus improves the quality of the result, the effectiveness of the design review process, and the integrity of the final design A class of AI tools constructed along these lines is the blackboard ... environment a) The RAMS Analysis Model The RAMS analysis model incorporates all the essential preliminaries of systems analysis to validate the developed theory for the determination of the integrity ... portions of the geometry (e.g the shapes and dimensions) The perspectives are not just a sophisticated toolbox for the designer; rather, they are a group of advisors that interact with one another and...