... 2A) of the distribution of the height of the projection of the embedded molecule above the flat membrane surface, the average height was 5.4 ± 0.8 nm, which is in good agreement with the height of ... period of observation in the presence of both ATP and Ca2+ were excluded from the following analyses Visual characteristics of the Albers–Post scheme The number of peaks (i.e the number of up–down ... FEBS Motionof the Ca2+-pump captured M Yokokawa and K Takeyasu Fig Single-molecule imaging of SERCA dynamics in the presence of nucleotide and Ca2+ (A) Time-lapse sequence FSAFM images of SERCA...
... related water wave problem which describes the motionof THE MOTIONOF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE LIQUID 111 the surface of the ocean under the influence of earth’s gravity The gravitational field can be ... follow the flow lines of V THE MOTIONOF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE LIQUID 115 in (2.1) This defines a diffeomorphism of [0, T ] × Ω to D, and so we obtain smoothness of V as a function of (t, x) from the ... (2.24) by also using Sobolev’s lemma The proof of Theorem 2.4 takes up most of the manuscript The proof of (2.36) uses the symmetry and positivity of the normal operator (2.17) within the divergence-free...
... Action of two vortex columns upon each other The motionof two linked vortices of equal strength The motionof two linked vortices of unequal strength 71 74 75 75 78 86 44 Calculation of the motion ... ~ p cos , 6^ towards the direction ofmotionof the other vortex Thus the direction ofmotionof one vortex is bent from or towards the direction ofmotionof the other according as sin 3< (q ... existence of a fluid possessing inertia; but it >ses to explain by means of the laws of Hydrodynamics all the properties of bodies as consequences of the motionof this fluid thus evlde t of a y...
... Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163:277-314 Blickhan R, Full RJ, 1987, Locomotion energetics of the ghost crab: II Mechanics of the center of mass J Exp Biol ... system determines the angle of attack of the leg and the time of telescopic expansion of the pneumatic spring In fact bouncing is due to the principal roughness of legged locomotion, where the leg ... sudden deceleration of the distal masses The properties of the heel pad, of the sole of the running shoes, the viscoelastic suspension of the muscles (Fig.3), comprising a large part of the distal...
... anterior talofibular ligament (b) 3D model of to AJC a three-dimensional virtual model(ATFL) and used thecreate (a) MR image of the ankle joint complex (AJC)calcaneofibular (a) MR image of the ankle ... virtual model (b) 3D model of the AJC with anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and ... knowledge for the understanding of function of these ligaments and injury mechanisms However, the in-vivo behavior of the lateral ankle ligaments during the range ofmotion has not been well studied...
... probability of detection close to 85% could be achieved for a probability of false alarm 10% in the case ofvocal fold paralysis in male utterances, while the probability of detection for vocal fold ... probability of detection for vocal fold paralysis in men was measured, that is approximately equal to 90% for probability of false alarm 10% The gain in the probability of detection for vocal fold ... operating point of the linear classifier is specified with and without reject option The contribution of this paper is in the assessment of the impact of reject option in the ROC curve of the linear...
... mixed signal’s log spectral vectors in terms of the PDFs of the underlying signal’s vocal- tract-related filters Then the mean vectors of the PDFs for the vocal- tract-related filters are estimated in ... Description number of sources i ∈ {1, 2} I (7) f hi hi Table 2: Symbols with definitions D K fs (s) order of DFT number of Gaussian mixtures PDF of signal s ∈ {xi , hi , or y} Fs (s) μhi ,k CDF of signal ... express the PDF of xi in terms of the PDF of hi given ei Clearly, fxi xi = fhi xi − ei , , (8) where hi (d), μhi ,k (d), and σhi ,k (d) are the dth component of hi , dth component of the mean vector,...
... zero of a degree of a map implies the existence of solutions of the operator equation (6.1) and consequently the existence of a solution of (4.10) ((6.1) at λ = 1) Theorem 4.3 is proved Proof of ... and γn is the operator of taking of the normal component of a trace on the boundary of a function defined on Ω0 The operator γn 236 On weak solutions of the equations ofmotion 1/2 is bounded ... R(L) of the operator L is dense in E∗ We give the proof of this theorem in Section From Theorems 3.6 and 3.8 the next result follows 0,t (3.11) 222 On weak solutions of the equations of motion...
... are planned to be subject of further work The intrafraction motionof the prostate consists of two components: motionof the bony structures caused by e.g relaxation of the patient, coughing, ... intrafraction motion with a SD of 0.9 mm [31] Wu et al calculated the effect of intrafraction motion on dose distribution and showed that intrafraction motion worsens target coverage, its effect of course ... already suggest that intrafraction motion is smaller in comparison to interfraction motion, with an expected displacement of the prostate of < mm for 20 minutes in case of patients with an empty rectum...
... (Editors) Adaptive Motionof Animals and Machines With 241 Figures ABC Hiroshi Kimura Graduate School of Information Systems University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, ... system determines the angle of attack of the leg and the time of telescopic expansion of the pneumatic spring In fact bouncing is due to the principal roughness of legged locomotion, where the leg ... sudden deceleration of the distal masses The properties of the heel pad, of the sole of the running shoes, the viscoelastic suspension of the muscles (Fig.3), comprising a large part of the distal...
... Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163:277-314 Blickhan R, Full RJ, 1987, Locomotion energetics of the ghost crab: II Mechanics of the center of mass J Exp Biol ... of the stick insect Control of Hexapod Walking in Biological Systems 23 Fig Vector field representing the movement of the tarsus of a left front leg produced by the swing net (a) Projection of ... means that efficient locomotion requires coordinated movement of all the joints of all the legs in contact with the substrate, that is, a total of 18 joints when all legs of an insect are on the...
... walking of insect, so we discuss the control of the motor system after the decision-making, that is, selection of the behavior The higher center of brain sends the velocities of the both sides of ... first one and then the other side of the body The activation of any two pairs of segments has a constant phase relationship regardless of the speed of propagation of the traveling wave (figure 2) ... possibility of employing state -of- the-art interventional recording techniques and cellular-to-systems level of neuroscientific analysis to the study of locomotion We think that the study of posture...
... center of mass at touch down of the forelimbs (extended back) and of the hindlimbs (bended back) The radius of the circle corresponds to the strength of the interval of confidence Vertical motions of ... position of the center of mass (CoM) in the body frame of the pika during half-bound cycles CoM is aligned with first of the ulna of the trailing and second of the leading limb during major parts of ... achievement of erect locomotion, J Pediatrics 17:747–771 Mori, S., Nakajima, K., Mori, F 2003 Integration of multiple motor segments for the elaboration of locomotion: the role of fastigial nucleus of...
... probability of repetition of an action will be increased or decreased Because of the unknowns in the real world, learning must be based on mechanisms of self-organization The issue of value systems ... kinematic study of in-phase gaits during locomotion of the pika (Ochotona rufescens, Mammalia: Lagomorpha) - Zoology 101: 12-37 MS Fischer & H Witte (1998): The functional morphology of the threesegmented ... the significance of mechanical feedback in simplifying neural control Full and Koditschek set a foundation for a systematic study of legged locomotion by introducing the concepts of templates and...
... e.g the angle of the incline, the agent ceases to function This is the trade-off of cheap design In conclusion, as suggested by the principle of ecological balance, there is a kind of trade-off or ... (physical) dynamics of the agent can be exploited which leads not only to a natural behavior of the agent, but also to higher energy-efficiency Second, by exploiting the dynamics of the agent, often control ... International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior 2000, 23-32 19 Pfeifer, R (2000b) On the role of embodiment in the emergence of cognition and emotion In H Hatano, N Okada, and H Tanabe...
... Kamegawa, F Matsuno and R Chatterjee, Proposition of Twisting Mode of Locomotion and GA based Motion Planning for Transition of Locomotion Modes of a 3-dimensional Snake-like Robot, Proc IEEE Int ... start of the swinging leg motion to the lock of the knee joint of the swinging leg by the brake In this phase, only the brake of the supporting leg is activated From the lock of the knee joint of ... sophistication of locomotion, it has been studied by a great number of researchers In the first age of research of biped mechanisms or humanoid robots from the 1970s to 1995, many control strategies of a...
... on a foot radius of 25 [cm] and a length of 13 [cm] This is pretty close to McGeer’s recommended 1/3 of the leg length Another practical consideration is the place of attachment of the foot to ... “Dynamics and control of bipedal locomotion,” Journal of Theoretical Biology, 163, pp.277-314 14 Hirai, K., Hirose, M., Haikawa, Y., and Takenaka, T., 1998, “The Development of Honda Humanoid Robot, ... are materializing this combination of passive dynamic walking and actuation in the form of our new prototype MIKE (see Figure 1B) On top of the specifications of McGeer’s machine, MIKE is provided...
... occurs Proof Basically, it can be proved by similar way of the proof of lemma and in [5] At first, let the set of the states of the robot just before impact be S, then the target system of the robot ... the sake of the continuous walking of robot and taking place of the entrainment phenomenon, we adopt a kind of PD control which gains are regulated by the state of the contact phase of swing ... “generation of PDW using the entrainment phenomena and the Motion Generation and Control of Quasi Passsive Dynamic Walking 169 concept of DFC so as to be needless of correctly design of the reference...
... generation of human bipedal locomotion Fig A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system for human locomotion [14] Nonlinear Dynamics of Human Locomotion 193 Fig The results of computer simulation of ... Dynamics of Human Locomotion 3.1 195 Anticipatory adjustment of locomotion through visuo-motor coordination Anticipatory adjustment of locomotion during obstacle avoidance As long as the stability of ... [17], the generation of pathological gaits and the acquisition of locomotion during development [18] 2.1 Real-time adaptation of locomotion through global entrainment A model of the neuro-musculo-skeletal...