... direction and magnitude ofthe misalignment between the spin axis and true north.iiTable of ContentsIntroduction Page 1Part I: Sensors for Mobile Robot Positioning Page 5Chapter 1: Sensors ... Doppler Sensors The rotational displacement sensors discussed above derive navigation parameters directly fromwheel rotation, and are thus subject to problems arising from slippage, tread wear, and/ or ... dead-reckoning information. AnPage 31. Sensors for Dead-reckoning 2. Heading Sensors 3. Active Beacons4. Sensors for Map-based PositioningPart II: Systems and Methods for Mobile Robot Positioning5....
... encoder is attached) and thedrive wheel. We can compute the incremental travel distance for the left and right wheel, )U and )U ,L,i R,iaccording to )U = c NL/R, I m L/R, I and the incremental ... I: Sensors for Mobile Robot Positioning Chapter 1: Sensors for Dead ReckoningPage 22Figure 1.14: An 8-DOF platform with 4 wheels individually driven and steered. Thisplatform was designed and ... tested and usedin many different mobile robot control interfaces. The chip has proven to work reliably and accurately, and it is used on commercially available mobile robots, such as TRC LabMate and HelpMate....
... specifications for the AndrewAutogyro Navigator (Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)Figure 2.12: The Andrew AUTOGYRO Navigator.(Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)in [Allen et al., 1994; Bennett and Emge,1994].In ... Magnetoresistive compasses. Magnetoelastic compasses.Chapter 2: Heading Sensors 43Figure 2.11: The Andrew Autogyro Model 3ARG.(Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)Parameter Value UnitsInput rotation rate ±100 ... insensitivity to gravityeffects, quick start-up, and good sensitivity in terms of bias drift rate and the random walkcoefficient. Coil geometry is not critical, and no path length control is needed. Some...
... al.,1991; Killough and Pin, 1992; Pin and Killough, 1994;Borenstein, 1995]. Resulting problems include increasedwheel slippage and thus reduced odometry accuracy.Recently, Reister and Unseren [1992; ... is attached) and thedrive wheel. We can compute the incremental travel distance for the left and right wheel, U and U ,L,i R,iaccording to U = c N (1.3)L/R, i m L/R, i and the incremental ... H. Byrne, originally published as Sandia Report SAND93-0827, Sandia National Laboratories, 1993.The authors wish to thank the Department of Energy (DOE), and especially Dr. Linton W. Yarbrough,...
... Instruments and Instrumentation 31are available as pressure sensorsand accelerometers, biosensors, chemical sensors, optical sensors, magnetic sensors, etc. Intelligent vision systems and parallel ... requires agood understanding and knowledge of many areas of disciplines includingmodern IC design and implementation. The understanding and knowledgeareas necessary for the design and implementation ... significant progress has been made in instruments and instru-mentation systems because of the integration of microsensors, nanosensors, and smart sensors in measurement systems. A conventional...
... asapplied to sensorsand instruments. Some of important ones are Bluetooth,HiperLAN, and the IEEE 802 standards for communication and networks, and the IEEE 1451 family of standards for sensors. ... Developing Sensors 241.4.3 Trends in Sensor Technology and IC Sensors 251.4.4 Sensor Arrays and Multisensor Systems 281.4.5 Smart Sensors 291.5 Instrument and Sensor Communication and Networks ... temperature sensing. Copper and goldhave good electrical and thermal properties and are used primarily in semi-conductors and microsensors. Lead has good piezoelectric, sound, and vibra-tion properties....
... minimal slippage is [Holland, 1983]Page 31. Sensors for Dead-reckoning 2. Heading Sensors 3. Active Beacons4. Sensors for Map-based PositioningPart II: Systems and Methods for Mobile Robot ... Doppler Sensors The rotational displacement sensors discussed above derive navigation parameters directly fromwheel rotation, and are thus subject to problems arising from slippage, tread wear, and/ or ... directly related to the direction and magnitude ofthe misalignment between the spin axis and true north.Part I: Sensors for Mobile Robot Positioning Chapter 2: Heading Sensors Page 35IFOG sensitivity...
... possible sensorsand transducers is by nowvery large, and most textbooks that are concerned with the interfacesbetween electronic circuits and other devices tend to deal only with a fewtypes of sensors ... thediaphragm and the backplate will increase the capacitance, in accordancewith the formula shown in Figure 1.13(b), and so reduce the resonant12 SENSORSAND TRANSDUCERSTable 1.1 Stress, strain and ... edition of Sensorsand Transducers has been thoroughly revised totake account of the ever-increasing role of these components and of im-provements in design. New tables of properties and illustrations...
... iron and nickel) and mumetal (iron, nickel,Where am I? Sensors and Methods forMobile Robot PositioningbyJ. Borenstein , H. R. Everett , and L. Feng123Contributing authors: S. W. Lee and ... relative toa known starting position. Chapter 2: Heading Sensors 43Figure 2.11: The Andrew Autogyro Model 3ARG.(Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)Parameter Value UnitsInput rotation rate ±100 ... encoders: incremental and absolute. The incremental versionmeasures rotational velocity and can infer relative position, while absolute models directly measureangular position and infer velocity....
... 1993]:DWhere am I? Sensors and Methods forMobile Robot PositioningbyJ. Borenstein , H. R. Everett , and L. Feng123Contributing authors: S. W. Lee and R. H. ByrneEdited and compiled by J. ... specifications for the AndrewAutogyro Navigator (Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)Figure 2.12: The Andrew AUTOGYRO Navigator.(Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)in [Allen et al., 1994; Bennett and Emge,1994].In ... magnetometer, in that the “flux-gathering"aChapter 2: Heading Sensors 43Figure 2.11: The Andrew Autogyro Model 3ARG.(Courtesy of [Andrew Corp].)Parameter Value UnitsInput rotation rate ±100...
... gas sensors, mostly based on SnO2 sensors [7]. A lot of research has beendone on these types of gas sensors [7,49–53], especially inJapan [54]. These sensors are rugged and inexpensive and thusverypromisingfordevelopinggassensors.Manymodelshave ... environmental analysis does not demandB. Timmer et al. / Sensorsand Actuators B 107 (2005) 666–677 675Table 2Parameters of different types of ammonia sensorsand sensor systemsPrinciple Lower ... ammo-nia.Ammoniacandiffuseoutofthebloodintothelungswhenthe ammonia levels become higher than the ammonia levels Sensors and Actuators B 107 (2005) 666–677Ammonia sensorsand their applications—a reviewBj¨orn Timmer∗, Wouter Olthuis,...
... The nanowire sensors are very sensitive and are able to detect concentrations of CO and CH4in the low ppm-regime. Experiments for better understanding of the growth mechanism, and for well-defined ... head of the ARC-division Nano-System-Technologies and is developing nanosensors for gas detection and new photonic devices.Alexandra TischnerAlexandra Tischner studied Technical Physics at the ... understand the influence of the intermediate metal layers on nanowire growth and geometry, Cu and Au dot arrays with different diameters are presently fabricated by electron beam lithography and...