... probabilistic model of link grammar. In Proc. of the AAAI Conf. on Probabilistic Approaches to Nat. Lang., October. D. Magerman. 1995. Statistical decision-tree mod- els for parsing. In Proceedings ... find is defined as the product of the prob- abilities of all productions used to condition in- ference rules in the proof tree. The highest- probability derivation for any item can be re- ... A[a] is accompanied by a probability distribu- tion over productions of the form A[a] + ~. A T is just a derivation (proof tree) of lZ~n ,.o parse and its probability like that of any...
... concerned with choosing a formalism for an extended semantic component, but rather with demonstrating where the syntax has to provide for those elements of discourse information that influence ... diseo~se. The 1D/LP format, which has the mechanisms to handle free word order, has been extended to account for the interaction of syntax and prag- mat.its, as well as for the mutually competing ... Framework for Processing Partially Free Word Order* Hans Uszkoreit Artificial Intelligence Center SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 Abstract The partially free word...
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... LCFRSs’productions (Kuhlmann and Satta, 2009). Thisprocess is called production factorization. Pro- duction factorization is very similar to the reduc-tion of a context -free grammar production ... algorithm for opti-mal reduction of the length of productionright-hand side in LCFRSs with fan-out atmost 2. This results in asymptotical run-ning time improvement for known parsingalgorithms for ... of space prevents us from providing theproof of the following property. For any E ∈ Ethat contains more than one edge, |out(E)| ≤ 2and |in(E)| ≥ 2. This allows us to prove our up-per bound...
... your program ready to test or youmay have the entire program ready for testing. Testing is where you execute theprogram and act as a user for your program. You will provide data to yourprogram ... willprocess your programs and what types of resources you have available as aprogrammer. The next topic involved programming languages. Programminglanguages are the artificial languages that programmers ... introduction to the process that isused for developing software. Whether you are developing software for aFortune 500 company, for a small startup, for a class, or just for fun, you willuse...
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... polynomial time algorithm for factor-izing LCFRSs in order to minimize time complexitywould imply an improved approximation algorithm for the well-studied graph-theoretic property knownas treewidth. ... possible.Since parsing problems can be cast in terms oflogic programming (Shieber et al., 1995), we notethat our problem can be thought of as a type ofquery optimization for logic programming. Queryoptimization ... andspace-complexity problems to be NP-hard for head-driven strategies. We provide what is to our knowl-edge the first NP-hardness result for a grammar fac-torization problem, which we hope...
... algorithm for transforming LCFRSwith fan-out at most 2 into a binary form,whenever this is possible. This resultsin asymptotical run-time improvement for known parsing algorithms for this class.1 ... algorithms for parsing based onLCFRS the crucial goal is therefore to optimizethe term f · (r + 1).In practical natural language processing applic-ations the fan-out of the grammar is typicallybounded ... output binarizationof an LCFRS production.2 Linear context -free rewriting systemsWe briefly summarize here the terminology andnotation that we adopt for LCFRS; for detaileddefinitions, see (Vijay-Shanker...
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