... long lateral roots could lean in the same way On the other hand, the influence of soil properties may be overriding on the changes of root architecture The influence of physical soil properties is ... length ofthe apical non-branching zone, defined by the region from the most visible apical n + order laterals to the axis tip) Statistical studies of these ture are data allow the determination of ... distribution andthe length ofthe apical non-branching zone (LAnbr) The interbranch distance is rather similar for the oak species (0.4-0.5 cm) and for the acacias (0.6-0.9 cm) No systematic changes...
... that the presence of constraints reduces the number of degrees of freedom of a system Three possibilities arise in theanalysisofthe motion -of- mass systems First, thesystem may consist of a ... 1.2 THE BASIC LAWS OF DYNAMICS 1.3 1.3 THE DYNAMICS OF A SYSTEMOF MASSES 1.5 1.3.1 The Motion ofthe Center of Mass 1.6 1.3.2 The Kinetic Energy of a System 1.7 1.3.3 Angular Momentum of a System ... discussion ofthe basics of optics andthe passage of light through common elements of optical systems is provided in Chap 11, Optical Systems, and Chap 12, Machine Systems, presents the dynamics of...
... rate of exergy transfer, subscripts F and P indicate system fuel andsystem product, respectively, NK is the number ofsystem components, and NP and NF are the numbers ofsystem products and fuels, ... process, and decreases along the Ngen generations The probability of occurrence of a crossover, Pc, andthe method of selection, on the other hand, determine the selection pressure ofthe genetic ... 10.0 The objective function to be minimized is the sum ofthe specific costs ofthesystem products, which include the costs of capital investment, fuel, and operation and maintenance The total system...
... importance is the one that gives the current state ofthesystemThe state of a system is the collection of all TLFeBook 18 Basic Notions of Systems and Signals U S Y Figure 2.3 System mapping the elements ... Two important kinds of information must be known in order to determine the state ofthe system: firstly, the structure ofthesystemand secondly, the parameters ofthesystem A system can be described ... information engineers at the University of Veszpr´m, Hungary since 2003 e TLFeBook Basic Notions of Systems and Signals Signals and systems are basic notions of systems and control theory Therefore, we...
... human and rat CB1 receptor The CB2 antibody was raised against a sequence between the N-terminal andthe first transmembrane domain ofthe protein ofthe human and rat CB2 receptor The specificity of ... for AEA, PalEtn and 2AG, respectively Analysisof cannabinoid receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase To determine the presence ofthe cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) andofthe fatty acid ... of cDNA of these cells shows a single band ofthe expected molecular size (Fig 2A) We also determined the presence ofthe FAAH protein by Western blot analysis (Fig 3C) An intense staining band...
... well as synthesis ofthe distribution ofthe consonants across the languages In the current work, with the help of PlaNet we provide a systematic study of certain interesting features ofthe consonant ... indicating the average inventory size andthe right column the breakpoint x Inferences Drawn from theAnalysisof PlaNet In most ofthe networked systems like the society, the Internet, the World ... investigate the effect ofthe exact distribution ofthe language inventory size on the nature ofthe degree distribution ofthe consonants through a synthetic approach based on the principle of preferential...
... The spin axes ofthe Sun andthe planets 7.4.1 Spin axes andthe Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes andthe Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes andthe Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure ofthe solar systemandthe laws that govern the motions ofthe bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most ofthe mass ofthesystem ... picture ofthe origin and evolution ofthe solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure ofthe solar system...
... 90–15) and 255 (M+ – 131) The loss of mass 131 results from the scission ofthe C1–C2 and C4–C5 bonds Figure 4C illustrates mass spectra of isolated 7-DHP-MO-TMS, andthe synthesized standard The ... (Invitrogen), andthe isolation of RNA followed the manufacture’s protocol The synthesis of first-strand cDNA was performed using the Superscript preamplification system (Invitrogen) Either lg of total ... investigation on the cutaneous expression of each ofthe components ofthe P450scc enzymatic system In addition, we tested reconstituted and mitochondrial P450scc systems for their ability to...
... The spin axes ofthe Sun andthe planets 7.4.1 Spin axes andthe Solar Nebula Theory 7.4.2 Spin axes andthe Modern Laplacian Theory 7.4.3 Spin axes andthe Accretion Theory 7.4.4 Spin axes and ... Newton the basic structure ofthe solar systemandthe laws that govern the motions ofthe bodies within it have been well understood One central body, the Sun, containing most ofthe mass ofthesystem ... picture ofthe origin and evolution ofthe solar system is the Capture Theory developed by the author and colleagues since the early 1960s This explains the basic structure ofthe solar system...
... the crack would propagate Prior to performing the analysis, it was necessary to specify the magnitude of crack increment and also the number of steps over which the crack would propagate In the ... Figure (4) shows the results of a crack increment step (Δa) It was noticed that there are no effects on the stability of results andthe very close agreements between the three types of a crack increment ... Description and Boundary Conditions of Load-Carrying Cruciform Welded Joint Figure (3) shows the results of mesh sizes density It was noticed that there are no effects on the stability of results and the...
... deeper understanding ofthe intimate co-evolution of pathogens andthe immune system 10 11 12 13 14 Acknowledgements The author’s research is supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust, the Medical ... pathogens demanding conflicting response patterns, the fine-tuning effect of multiple allelic variants allows the immune system to be variably calibrated across the population In the absence of infection, ... to the development of damaging immune reactions in autoimmunity and allergy The identification of precise genetic variants controlling both parasite susceptibility and immunopathology offers the...
... understanding ofthe anatomy and function ofthe ear andthe auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... comprehensive coverage of disorders ofthe auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea andthe function ofthe nervous systemand vice versa Hyperactive ... original work on the different subjects Understanding ofthe anatomy andthe function ofthe auditory system together with knowledge about the pathophysiology ofthe auditory system are essential...
... at the entrance ofthe ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place ofthe head The effect ofthe head on the sound at the entrance ofthe ear canal is related to the ... means that the effect ofthe head on the transfer of sound to the entrance ofthe ear canal depend on both the angle (azimuth) to the sound source andthe frequency ofthe sounds (Fig 2.5) The difference ... ratio between the effective area ofthe tympanic membrane andthe area ofthe stapes footplate, but the lever ratio ofthe middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas ofthe BOX 2.2 SOUND...
... between the classical andthe non-classical auditory pathways While the ICC is a part ofthe classical ascending auditory systemthe ICX andthe DC are parts ofthe non-classical auditory systemThe ... in the ventral parts ofthe MGB ofthe thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division ofthe MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions ofthe MGB receive their ... ofthe fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part ofthe olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea andthe fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...
... The caudal portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface ofthe dorsal cochlear nucleus andthe rostral portion ofthe floor ofthe lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency ofthe N1 ofthe AP and that ofthe response from the intracranial portion ofthe auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency ofthe first peak in the dipole andthe length is the relative strength ofthe dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II ofthe ABR) andthe third...
... and standard error ofthe mean are shown as a function ofthe intensity ofthe noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end ofthe exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis ofthe elevation ofthe hearing threshold in disorders ofthe middle ear andthe cochlea but the effect on the function ofthe nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction ofthe stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that increases the contraction...
... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity ofthe ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening ofthe tuning ofthe basilar membrane broadens the “slices” ofthe spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... this view of flexibility ofthe function ofthe auditory system That injury and loss of cochlear hair cells can cause profound changes in the structure and function ofthe central auditory system ... perpendicular to the surface ofthe flat portion ofthe incudo-stapedial joint and that does not cause any movement ofthe incus and thus no displacement ofthe tympanic membrane If the pressure in the perilymphatic...
... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some ofthe most diverse and complex disorders ofthe auditory systemand their causes are often obscure Often ... corresponding to the F1 frequency andthe other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate ofthe impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis ofthe output of 16 band-pass filters The output ofthe six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...
... revealed the presence of these AP2 domains in the deduced amino acid sequences The structure ofthe AP2-like genes ofthe Hordeum genotypes is similar to that of other AP2-like genes (Figure 1) They ... barley AP2 in tritordeum The results are of interest in understanding the role ofthe AP2-like gene in the spike morphology of cereals and in understanding the regulation of this gene in barley ... while their theoretical isoelectric points (pI) were between 6.72 and 7.31 The percentage of identity and polymorphism ofthe sequences were estimated by means of a comparative alignment of all the...
... analysisofthe data and drafted the manuscript GC contributed substantially to the conception and design ofthe study, data collection in the field, analysisofthe data and critically reviewed the ... personnel and equipment The head office ofthe Ministry of Health and Child Welfare constitutes the highest level ofthe public health care sector and it is the main actor in terms of health ... preference of a similar size to the range chosen above [53] The size ofthe discount rate affected both the effects of health interventions through the DALY formula andthe costs of health services The...