managing scarcity in organizations
Tài liệu Managing Change in Organizations: It’s Management’s Responsibility ppt
... “This end-user confusion and training avoidance demonstrates that managing change for employees is something that is still not fully understood." Managing in today’s organizations means one must ... motivational techniques; team building, coaching, feedback, setting priorities, negotiating priorities, stress management, dealing with conflict, systematic problem-solving, and effective delegation ... delegation Copyright ©2007 Global Knowledge Training LLC All rights reserved Page 3 Stop thinking of change management as a stand-alone initiative and start accepting it as an everyday reality Managers...
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Managing projects in organizations how to make the best use of time techniques and people
... edition of Managing Projects in Organizations was published in 1987 Its entry into the marketplace at that time was propitious, because it coincided with a surging worldwide interest in project ... of Managing Projects in Organizations Of particular note has been the growing in uence of the Project Management Institute (PMI) as the world’s standard-setting body in project management In ... From the beginning, book sales were respectable Quite a few colleges and universities adopted it for use in introductory courses in project management, and training departments in organizations...
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Kogan.Page.Managing.Projects.in.Human.Resources.Training.and.Developement.Apr.2006.eBook-DDU.pdf
... apparent that printing organizations that failed to invest in developing the capacity and capability to work with digital printing would have difficulty in surviving Printing organizations of ... their organizations In addition, there was growing demand for training in digital media as the structure of the printing industry changed rapidly In most organizations, resources are limited In ... 56 Managing risk Risk and contingency planning Preparing to manage risks Risk assessment and impact analysis Strategies for dealing with risk A contingency plan A framework for managing risk Influencing...
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Tài liệu Managing Risk In Oranizations pdf
... Uncertainty Risk Perfect information Figure 1.2 Risk, Uncertainty, and Levels of Information 10 MANAGING RISK IN ORGANIZATIONS Pure (or Insurable) Risk Pure risk addresses the possibility of injury ... your skills in building a computerized schedule Similarly, in the business world, managing risk occurs within an organizational context If you ignore this context, your attempts at managing risk ... in Bhopal, India Toxic gas spewed out into the community, killing six thousand people and injuring tens of thousands more In late 1999, the Mars Climate Orbiter crashed into Mars because an inexperienced...
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Tài liệu Leadership & success In organizations, Culture & Ethics pptx
... communication is most interesting and intriguing Think about it Everything we is defined by how we interact with others, while the topic of communication includes everything from individuals to presentations ... doing old things and development of new things are growing explosively The major wealth in the past 20 years has come from managing, developing, and applying technology to distribution This includes ... overwhelming might of the enemy.” - Winston Churchill Success is an attitude It is a continuing mental process and not an end or destination It is the continual journey of seeing, striving, overcoming,...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P1 ppt
... data in which none of that is necessary, a world in which all pipeline datasets are contained in the single table that is their destination or their point of origin In this world, maintaining ... enhance systems used in education, finance, health care, insurance, manufacturing, retailing and transportation—all industries in which the authors have had consulting experience In using these methods, ... makes that terminology a lingua franca within business IT departments xi xii PREFACE leading computer scientist in the field In this book, Developing Time-Oriented Database Applications in SQL (MorganKaufmann,...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P2 pptx
... interested in, two of those components being time periods that may or may not intersect in various ways Continuing on, consider the possibilities involved in joining bi-temporal tables to one another, ... management losing faith in data warehouse projects As these large projects fell increasingly behind schedule and rose increasingly over budget— something large projects tend to do—the pressure increased ... columns In addition, developers were also beginning to create on-line transaction tables by bringing collections of transactions back from off-line storage media, transactions that originally...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P3 doc
... to the point in time we are interested in But the defining feature of reconstructable methods is not the movement of data from off-line to on-line storage The defining feature is the inability ... waiting for the data, and the decisions delayed until the data becomes available In an increasingly fast-paced business world, the opportunity cost of delays in accessing data is increasingly ... retrieve or update multiple rows in tables by coding a loop In doing so, we are writing a procedure; we are telling the computer how to retrieve the rows we are interested in So we wrote these loops,...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P4 pptx
... designing and maintaining data models that must explicitly define temporal data structures and integrity constraints on them It also relieves developers of the burden of designing, writing and maintaining ... lacking a standard for the PERIOD datatype, we will continue the practice of defining periods of time in terms of their begin and end points in time 59 60 Chapter THE ORIGINS OF ASSERTED VERSIONING: ... by also internalizing them within their target tables In this book, we will show how the use of these internalized managed objects reduces the costs of maintaining databases by replacing external...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P5 pptx
... just one kind of internalized pipeline dataset, and the internalization of pipeline datasets can eliminate a large part of the IT maintenance budget by eliminating the need to manage pipeline datasets ... perhaps joining data that the production queries did not have to join, perhaps assembling intermediate results and then combining those intermediate results in various complicated ways In short, ... case in which one of the two time periods is a point in time, i.e is exactly one clock tick in length, and the other one contains two or more clock ticks This point in time may either [intersect]...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P6 pptx
... have been using is inadequate, because it only allows us to pick out a “when in effect” point in time We also need to pick out a “when in the life of the data in the table” point in time And ... versioning to the next versioning best practice—temporal gap versioning 85 86 Chapter THE ORIGINS OF ASSERTED VERSIONING: IT BEST PRACTICES Temporal Gap Versioning Let’s begin by looking at the ... constraints on bi-temporal data as that data is maintained, Asserted Versioning makes queries against its tables nearly as easy to write as queries against conventional tables In the final section...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P7 pdf
... in Y, which of the multiple rows in X, all representing the same object, is that row in Y dependent on? Which row in X does the foreign key in Y point to? The answer is that the foreign key in ... insert, update or delete transactions, it will seem to them that they are maintaining data in a conventional table This maintenance is not done by writing SQL transactions; it is done by making ... present an in- line notation for single asserted Managing Time in Relational Databases Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-375041-9.00006-6 Copyright # 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights of reproduction in any form...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P8 pptx
... are known Perhaps in another insurance company, all policies stop being in effect at the end of each calendar year In that case, instead of an effective end date of 12/31/9999 in rows and 3, the ... tick, which indicates what time it is in the example; (ii) A temporal insert, update or delete transaction; (iii) A calendar timeline covering approximately four years, in monthly increments; ... update in ways whose results not reflect what the person writing the updates intended to And they can be difficult to interpret, as we just said Asserted Versioning attempts to eliminate this maintenance...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P9 pdf
... Transaction An insert into a non-temporal table is valid just in case a row for the object does not exist in the target table at the time of the insert In the same way, a temporal insert into an asserted ... of “filling in the gap” between those two episodes, merging them into a single episode In this chapter, however, we assume that our temporal insert creates a new episode An episode begin date ... transactions against non-temporal tables insert, update or delete individual rows representing objects, transactions against asserted version tables insert into a period of time, update within a period...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P10 docx
... Versioning business keys, and physical foreign keys into Asserted Versioning temporal foreign keys However, for organizations using the ERwin data modeling tool, this manual process is unnecessary In ... business key Consequently, we cannot guarantee that each business key points to one and only one object by defining a unique index on it Nor can we simply extend the scope of the index by defining ... Asserted Versioning database from the LDM shown in Figure 8.2 As with other figures showing tables, we indicate foreign keys by italicizing the column heading, and primary keys by underlining the column...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P11 doc
... significantly reduces the work involved in maintaining temporal data, and will eliminate the errors that would otherwise inevitably happen as temporal data is maintained Using a framework like the ... $15.” In other words, the row shown in Figure 9.2 has been placed in a temporal container, and is treated as representing the object as it exists within that container, but as saying nothing about ... $15.” In other words, the row shown in Figure 9.2, as included in its first temporal container, has been placed in a second temporal container, and is treated as representing what we claim, within...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P12 pdf
... shown in Figure 10.3 Episode C, as we have labeled it, is a single-version episode Of course all episodes, when initially created, are single-version episodes Using the in- line notation introduced ... message back to the calling program But if all goes well, the transaction will continue on, and will update the database In doing so, it will begin by preserving the original state of the version ... integrity or a referential integrity constraint, it will reject that transaction In response, the AVF will stop processing the temporal transaction, undo Managing Time in Relational Databases Doi:...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P13 pdf
... deletes as well In addition, instead of requiring the user to write transactions in a proprietary format required by an Application Programming Interface (API) we were developing, the AVF now ... Splitting an Episode {Splitting} an episode is a little more interesting than either {shortening an episode backwards} or {shortening an episode forwards} The reason is that, from the point of ... resulting episodes, {splitting} is {shortening an episode backwards}, while from the point of view of the later of the two resulting episodes, it is {shortening an episode forwards} From the point...
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Tài liệu Managing time in relational databases- P14 ppt
... think is a true statement of what that object is like Whatever semantic differences there may be between accepting, agreeing, assenting, asserting, believing, claiming, knowing, saying and thinking—and ... Without those assumptions, the creation and maintenance of data would be a pointless activity So underlying the activity of creating, maintaining and consuming data lies the matter of what we claim ... Approving a Deferred Assertion 280 Deferred Assertions and Temporal Referential Integrity 284 Glossary References 285 We normally think of inserting a row into a table as the same thing as claiming,...
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