making brands come to life
Executive compensation in the say on pay era winning the shareholder value
... LTI awards Bottom line: Many companies continue to fine-tune their programs to try to get it right Source: Towers Watson Executive Compensation Resources towerswatson.com © 2011 Towers Watson ... 19% 58% LTI Base Bonus Stock Options Restricted Stock Performance Plans Source: Towers Watson Executive Compensation Resources towerswatson.com © 2011 Towers Watson All rights reserved ... EPS/Net Income TSR Operating Income/Margin ROC/ROIC Revenue 2010 Other Non-Financial 2009 2008 ROE Cash Flow Source: Towers Watson Executive Compensation Resources towerswatson.com © 2011 Towers...
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More Show Me How: Everything We Couldn't Fit in the First Book Instructions for Life from the Everyday to the Exotic Perfect Paperback
... plywood Cut Attach to bottom of trash can Hang can from a very long pole Weight can with sandbags Make tracks through the snow into a frozen pond Let the kids piece the story together 28 pull ... hot water Stir to blend Cool before applying Blend until pureed Strain; reserve liquid Store in refrigerator blend my own toner fl oz (175 ml) rubbing alcohol ½ orange ½ lemon Cut into thin slices ... m with honey treat sweaty palms Apply ice to the nick Touch up with a styptic pencil Moisten tissue to remove Apply a piece of toilet tissue Try not to shout Wipe hands with talcum powder Give...
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Tài liệu The Way We Share EPL BUSINESS PLAN 2011 - 2013 docx
... relationships to build relevant and responsive library services OUR CUSTOMERS We are an integral part of the daily lives of all Edmontonians – at every stage of their lives We know and listen to Edmontonians ... offer more ways to connect with communities and customers STRATEGIES • Explore alternative service delivery methods to meet the needs of underserved areas of Edmonton (e.g bookmobile, story van, kiosks, ... framework OUR CUSTOMERS We are an integral part of the daily lives of all Edmontonians – at every stage of their lives We know and listen to Edmontonians Everyone feels comfortable and welcome OBJECTIVE...
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Tài liệu The World in 2011 ICT Facts and Figures pdf
... In some countries, regulatory authorities monitor the speed and quality of broadband services and oblige operators to provide accurate quality-of-service information to end users Korea (Rep.) ... developing countries have been able to leverage mobile-broadband technologies to overcome infrastructure barriers and provide high-speed Internet services to previously unconnected areas In Africa, ... Mbit/s to
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Being Born Under Adverse Economic Conditions Leads to a Higher Cardiovascular Mortality Rate Later in Life: Evidence Based on Individuals Born at Different Stages of the Business Cycle pdf
... present but is not taken into account then the coefficient η of the indicator of early -life effects can be expected to be biased towards zero, and the true effect is likely to be at least as large in ... individual-specific qualities come more to fruition if the starting position in life is better As the extent to which genetic factors express themselves depends on the environment into which one is born, ... of early -life conditions Instead, the indicator and the health outcome may be jointly affected by related unobserved determinants Consider for example parental income or wealth at birth To some...
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The country we want to live in doc
... whose life stories may well invoke knowledge and memories of trauma in the interviewer The cumulative work of listening to life stories of violation, terror, traumatic events and anger led to GALA’s ... important to contextualise the discussion in order to highlight the strategic importance of the event and to place the Roundtable within the trajectory of activism that followed In addition to the ... for access to (for example) the right to marry or to adopt children under the umbrella of equal access to citizenship The following broad points illustrate how citizenship is understood and defined:...
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ECONOMIC OUTLOOK FOR THE EURO AREA IN 2011 docx
... Sentiment Indicator (figure 3) also seem to confirm that the European economy is cooling down As for the industrial sector we expect the reduction of activity to be widespread to all sectors and somewhat ... incentive to spend earlier This tax will, of course, depress consumption during the rest of the year The Greek economy continues to shrink due to the drastic consolidation of the public sector and ... policies come to an end everywhere, and in those countries that suffer a loss of confidence, they become sharply restrictive Lower public expenditure is mirrored by losses of private income Figure...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 1 pot
... birth of new photodiodes or photodetectors technology which are able to give better life to human Their efforts are contained in this book This book would be valuable to those who want to obtain knowledge ... field of photodetectors goes far beyond that of semiconductor photodetectors, we restrict ourselves here to such devices It will be discussed p-i-n diodes, which are also referred to as photovoltaic ... interesting to apply to HPTs for microwave or millimeter wave applications Photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to high energy particles and photons Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 2 pot
... single photon These single photon sources are pseudosingle-photons or correctly called faint laser pulses 2.2 Down-conversion photon pairs Single photon generators using correlated photon pairs ... (Combes &Torner, 2005; Torres & Torner, 2005; Eiseman et al 2004) A concept of reconstruction of photons is introduced in this chapter to discuss quantum state of photon and its detection, to analyze ... the photodetector will define the overall upper bandwidth limit of the receiver There are two major types of the photodetector used in the telecommunication systems today – a p-i-n photodiode...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 3 pdf
... a CMOS detector is the photosensitive element of the circuit Photogates, phototransistors, and photodiodes all can be used as the sensing element In this section, the use of a photodiode is discussed ... distribution To obtain a correct record, Bob has to decode by using phase modulation in according to their protocol so that the maximum of the interference is at detector A corresponding to the input ... constituents of the photon and the vacuum fluctuations with phase unknown come together in the same mode to superposition that are the reason the dephase come from U1 α β U2 Fig 11 Single photon is operated...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 4 pptx
... For the BDJ detector, we obtain Itop (only from top p-n junction) and Ibottom (sum of currents from top and bottom p-n junctions) from the detector The current ratio, Itop/ItopIbottom can be used ... in a CMOS photodiode, one can strategically chose the depth of the location of the depletion region to which photons are likely to penetrate and thereby optimize the photodetector to provide high ... phototransistor [67-71] A cross-section of a vertical p-n-p phototransistor is shown in Figure 17 and an example layout is provided in Figure 18 85 CMOS Photodetectors Poly contact Collector...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 5 ppt
... flip-flop topology The D flip-flop topology is a dynamic flip-flop with preset and clear The dynamic topology was chosen instead the static topology in order to reduce the total number of transistor ... order to achieve dynamic range higher than 90dB it is need operates with images of 16bits or higher Fill-factor Fig 10 shows the comparator topology The comparator is a typical clocked comparator ... in APS which consists of photodiode, reset transistor, transfer gate, 118 Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011 source-follower transistor, and select transistor Photodiode and floating diffusion...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 6 ppt
... Matching inductor between the stages Analui [10] has mentioned a technique to isolate the effect of parasitic capacitance of different stages to each other It uses a passive network (inductor) to isolate ... aforementioned three 160 Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011 factors change Reducing the thickness of the multiplication layer serves to reduce the excess noise factor, due to the dead space effect, ... this technique to defeat the parasitic capacitances using the combination of several inductors The combination of the inductors shapes a Π and hence they call it a Pi-type Inductor Peaking (PIP)...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 7 pptx
... and single photon counting capability) of PMTs 184 Photodiodes - World Activities in 2011 To date, the photon detection capabilities of the Vacuum Photomultiplier Tube (VPMT) seem to be unrivalled ... have the potential to boost this technology towards a new generation of photodetectors, based on an innovative and simple inverse p–n junction, PN or PIN photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes—APD and ... that of the vacuum photodetectors; this would allow the GM-APD to achieve single-photon sensitivity and to be used in low-level light applications This silicon device has become commercially available...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 8 doc
... structure of a photomultiplier with a silicon photodiode (HPD – Hybrid Photo Detector or with an avalanche photodiode (HAPD - Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector) The detection of photon starts as in ... developed to obtain highperformance near-infrared single-photon detection A straightforward way to overcome the incapability of the current infrared detectors is to up-convert the infrared single photons ... area by Winston cones, pyramidal waveguides or lenses making a photon conversion by a vacuum hemispherical photocathode which focuses photoelectrons on a SiPM (VSiPMT) 7.1 SiPM coupled to WLS fibers...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 9 docx
... is proportional to the input photon number The width of n-photon peak is √n (n > 1) scaled to the 1-photon peak, which is caused by the statistical fluctuation The width of 1-photon peaks is determined ... from the background photons are much larger The main contribution to the background photons comes from the strong pump field The background photons at 808 and 1064 nm comes from the solid-state ... the laser is attenuated to contain only a few photons per pulse Then, the photons are sent to the first EDFA for amplification In order to detect the stimulated emission photons, spectral filtering...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 10 ppt
... refers to the PDE values obtained in photon counting mode In order to better understand this figure, it is extremely important to note that the right axis scale (that refers to the photon counting ... microlenses also help to address detector gain uniformity by focusing optical k-vectors directly into the active multiplication region of the avalanche photodiodes, thereby helping to improve the gain ... the real photo-events and comparing it to the photocurrent measured by the ammeter converted into number of electrons per second The formula of this method is: Geiger Avalanche Photodiodes (G-APDs)...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 11 potx
... current σi_CT2 in Eqs (14-15), due solely to even k term contribution to the total multiplied crosstalk electron flux ΦCT-TOT, has a similar form to the photocurrent variance σi_p2 (Stern & Cole, ... APD detector arrays The contribution of indirect optical crosstalk to the APD detector signal -to- noise ratio (SNR) will be analyzed in Sec Optical crosstalk from ambient light coupled into the ... detectors in a high resolution array due to light emitted by the avalanche process, produces an increase in the detector noise in the array above the noise level of a standalone detector To understand...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 12 ppt
... when the reactor pressure is 200 Torr and 500 Torr, and is less significant at 50 Torr It is reasonable that the chance for TMAl and NH3 to come into contact increases at higher reactor pressures, ... realized, including p-i-n and Schottky barrier photodetectors, solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector focal plane arrays, and UV avalanche photodiodes (McClintock et al., 2005; Zhao et al 2007a; Cicek ... ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors, which have extensive applications in flame detection, secure space -to- space communication, and ozone layer monitoring Various types of GaN-based photodetectors have been...
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Photodiodes World Activities in 2011 Part 13 potx
... scintillator coupled to a photomultiplier with a PbS/pSi detector (no housing) We exposed the detector to x-rays at various energies while monitoring the photomultiplier output, in order to obtain ... scintillators and thus involves a multistep process for converting radiation to signal: using scintillators to convert radiation to visible light, then transporting the light into the photodetector, ... directly into electrical signals Most commonly, such detectors are made of semiconductors There is usually an electrical bias applied to the semiconductor Photons that interact with the semiconductor...
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