knowledge attitude and behaviour related to sexually transmitted infections in portuguese school adolescent and college students
Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part pdf
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... Variable, lent, bleeds nonvascular Red and velvety, nonpurulen erythematou easily bleeds t, relatively s, readily nonvascula nonvascular r Indurati on Fir None Soft m Pain ommon Freq Usua Fir m, uently ... suppurate, loculated, with initial loculated, usually episode pseudobubo unilateral usually es unilateral Source: From RM Ballard, in KK Holmes et al (eds): Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 4th ... Clinical Features of Genital Ulcers Feature Syp hilis Herp es Cha ncroid Lympho granuloma Don ovanosis Venereum Incubati on period 9– 90 days 2–7 days 1–14 days days–6 weeks 1–4 weeks (up to...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 18) Table 124-8 pps
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... weeks) and not resolve with syndrome-based antimicrobial therapy, then in addition to the usual tests for herpes, syphilis, and chancroid—biopsy is indicated to exclude donovanosis, carcinoma, and ... dark-field examination and a rapid serologic test for syphilis are initially negative and the patient will comply with follow-up and sexual abstinence, the performance of two more dark-field examinations ... test positive, or HSV and syphilis excluded, and lesion persists): Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO as single dose or Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM as single dose or Azithromycin g PO as single dose Note: FA,...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 19) Ulcerative docx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... produce inguinal adenopathy, because anal lymphatics drain to inguinal lymph nodes Diarrhea and abdominal bloating or cramping pain without anorectal symptoms and with normal findings on anoscopy and ... of AIDS -related opportunistic intestinal infections increased rapidly, many associated with chronic or recurrent symptoms The incidence of these infections has since fallen with increasingly effective ... shows inflammation limited to the rectum in proctitis or disease extending at least up into the sigmoid colon in proctocolitis The AIDS era brought an extraordinary shift in the clinical and etiologic...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 20) Proctitis, pdf
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... affordable, and acceptable, especially to the young indigent patients most likely to acquire an STI Figure 124-8 Critical control points for preventive and clinical interventions against sexually transmitted ... HIV, HPV, and HSV infections as well as gonorrhea and chlamydial infection The only exceptions are probably sexually transmitted Phthirus pubis and Sarcoptes scabiei infestations Shortening of the ... 84(Suppl), 1973.] Since many infected individuals develop no symptoms or fail to recognize and report symptoms, clinicians should routinely perform an STI risk assessment for teenagers and young adults...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 21) Although ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... HPV infection after sexual debut Partner notification is the process of identifying and informing partners of infected patients about possible exposure to an STI and of examining, testing, and ... PID) in the partner and reinfection of the index patient A survey of a random sample of U.S physicians found that most instructed patients to abstain from sex during treatment, to use condoms, and ... prevention in men in Rakai, Uganda: A randomized trial Lancet 369:657, 2007 [PMID: 17321311] Kamali A et al: Syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections and behaviour change interventions...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 1) pot
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... histolytica a Includes protozoa, ectoparasites, and fungi b Among U.S patients for whom a risk factor can be ascertained, most hepatitis B virus infections are transmitted sexually or by injection ... chlamydial infections, genital infections with HPV, and genital herpes can spread widely, even in relatively low-risk populations In general, the product of three factors determines the initial ... death in some developing countries, and HPV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain important causes of cervical and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively—two of the most common malignancies in the...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 3) ppsx
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... into a routine self-administered questionnaire for use in clinics The initial framing statement gives permission to discuss taboo topics Table 124-3 Ten-Question STD/HIV Risk Assessment Framing ... Framing Statement: In order to provide the best care for you today and to understand your risk for certain infections, it is necessary for us to talk about your sexual behavior Screening Questions: ... (for patients answering yes to any of the above questions, to guide examination and testing): (9) Now I'd like to ask what parts of your body may have been sexually exposed to an STD (e.g., your...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 4) pps
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... containing inflammatory cells warrants a preliminary diagnosis of NGU and should lead to testing of the urethral specimen for C trachomatis However, an increasing proportion of men with symptoms and/ or ... Gram's staining is negative; certain strains of N gonorrhoeae can result in negative urethral Gram's stains in up to 30% of cases of urethritis Results of tests for gonococcal and chlamydial infection ... palpation, urinalysis, and urine culture to exclude bacterial prostatitis and cystitis Evaluate for gonococcal and chlamydial infection An absence of typical gram-negative diplococci on Gram's-stained...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 5) pot
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... confirmed and reexposure excluded, the recommended treatment is with metronidazole or tinidazole (2 g PO in a single dose) plus azithromycin (1 g PO in a single dose); the azithromycin component ... NGU, such as azithromycin (1.0 g PO in a single dose) or doxycycline (100 mg PO bid for days) Both are effective, although azithromycin may give better results in M genitalium infection If gonococci ... Gram's stain or if no diagnostic tests are performed to exclude gonorrhea definitively, treatment should include a single-dose regimen for gonorrhea (Chap 137) plus azithromycin or doxycycline treatment...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 6) pdf
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... following urinary tract instrumentation is usually caused by urinary pathogens Similarly, epididymitis in men who have practiced insertive rectal intercourse is often caused ... for 2006 are preliminary (January–June only) n, Intermediate resistance [ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.125–0.500 µg/mL] n, Resistance (ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥1.0 µg/mL) ... syndrome in women—that is characterized by "internal" dysuria (usually without urinary urgency or frequency), pyuria, and an absence of Escherichia coli and other uropathogens in urine at counts...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 7) ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... also lead to anaerobic bacterial infection of the endometrium and salpinges Vaginitis may be an early and prominent feature of toxic shock syndrome, and recurrent or chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis ... dysuria (as urine passes over the inflamed vulva) or vulvar dyspareunia Certain vulvovaginal infections may have serious sequelae Trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis ... summarized in Table 124-5 Table 124-5 Diagnostic Features and Management of Vaginal Infection Featur e Normal Vulvov Tricho Vaginal y monal Examination Etiolog aginal Candidiasis Bacteria Vaginitis Uninfected;...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 8) pps
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... abnormal vaginal discharge; in retrospect, these recommendations were faulty, since these conditions seldom produce such symptoms In industrialized countries, clinicians treating symptoms and signs ... bacterial vaginosis Guidelines promulgated during the 1990s by the World Health Organization suggested treatment for cervical infection and for vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with symptoms of abnormal ... fluid usually rises to ≥5.0 In women with typical symptoms and signs of trichomoniasis, microscopic examination of vaginal discharge mixed with saline reveals motile trichomonads in most culture-positive...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 9) pot
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... newly implicated in bacterial vaginosis include Lactobacillus iners, Megasphaera, Leptotrichia, Eggerthella, and Dialister Figure 124-2 Broad-range PCR amplification of 16S rDNA in vaginal fluid from ... appearance and indistinct borders; Fig 124-3) on a wet mount prepared by mixing vaginal secretions with normal saline in a ratio of ~1:1 Figure 124-3 Wet mount of vaginal fluid showing typical ... sequences related to Atopobium vaginae, an organism that is strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis, is resistant to metronidazole, and is associated with recurrent bacterial vaginosis after...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 10) potx
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... symptoms, with lesions sometimes difficult to distinguish from the fissures and inflammation caused by candidiasis Signs of vulvovaginal candidiasis include vulvar erythema, edema, fissures, and ... symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis, which probably arise from endogenous strains of C albicans that have colonized the vagina or the intestinal tract Complicated vulvovaginal candidiasis includes ... examination of vaginal fluid mixed with saline or 10% KOH or subjected to Gram's staining Microscopic examination is less sensitive than culture but correlates better with symptoms Vulvovaginal...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 11) ppt
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... urethritis to recognize As the most common manifestation of these serious bacterial infections in women, MPC can be a harbinger or sign of upper genital tract infection, also known as pelvic inflammatory ... os or of increased numbers of PMNs in Gram's-stained or Papanicolaou-stained smears of endocervical mucus MPC due to C trachomatis can also produce edematous cervical ectopy (see below) and endocervical ... refers to inflammation of the columnar epithelium and subepithelium of the endocervix and of any contiguous columnar epithelium that lies exposed in an ectopic position on the exocervix MPC in women...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 12) Figure ppt
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... schistosomiasis) Intrauterine infection can be primary (spontaneously occurring and usually sexually transmitted) or secondary to invasive intrauterine surgical procedures [e.g., dilatation and ... HIV Pelvic Inflammatory Disease The term pelvic inflammatory disease usually refers to infection that ascends from the cervix or vagina to involve the endometrium and/ or fallopian tubes Infection ... gonorrhea— e.g., in developing countries and in indigent inner-city populations in the United States In recent case-control studies, M genitalium has also been significantly associated with histopathologic...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 14) pps
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... is absent Physical findings include right upper quadrant tenderness and usually include adnexal tenderness and cervicitis, even in patients whose symptoms not suggest salpingitis Results of liver ... requiring hospitalization and surgical drainage Nonetheless, among women with HIV infection and salpingitis, the clinical reponse to conventional antimicrobial therapy (coupled with drainage ... with pelvic pain and tenderness, increased numbers of PMNs (30 per 1000x microscopic field in strands of cervical mucus) or leukocytes outnumbering epithelial cells in vaginal fluid (in the absence...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 15) pot
Ngày tải lên :
07/07/2014, 15:20
... gonococcal infection followed by doxycycline to cover possible chlamydial infection Metronidazole can be added, if tolerated, to enhance activity against anaerobes Neither doxycycline nor the fluoroquinolones ... reliable coverage for gonococcal infection today Although the 2006 CDC guidelines for ambulatory treatment of PID included the option of using an oral fluoroquinolone, with or without metronidazole, ... Regimens Initiate parenteral therapy with either of the Regimen A following regimens; continue parenteral therapy until Ofloxacin 400 mg 48 h after clinical improvement; then change to PO bid...
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Chapter 124. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Overview and Clinical Approach (Part 16) docx
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07/07/2014, 15:20
... industrialized countries during the first 20 years of the HIV pandemic, but outbreaks are again occurring in Europe (including the United Kingdom), in North America, and in Australia In these outbreaks, ... ulceration in most developing countries LGV (Fig 124-7) and donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) continue to cause genital ulceration in developing countries LGV virtually disappeared in industrialized ... pregnancy due to tubal scarring without occlusion, chronic pelvic pain, and recurrent salpingitis The overall postsalpingitis risk of infertility due to tubal occlusion in a large study in Sweden...
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current situation and factors affecting hiv infection and sexually transmitted diseases in male homosexual sex worker group in hanoi, 2009-2010”
Ngày tải lên :
25/07/2014, 11:36
... current HIV infection and sexually transmitted diseases rate in male homosexual sex worker group in Hanoi, 2009-2010 Analyze some factors affecting the risk of HIV infection and sexually transmitted ... education and income than their counterparts in Can Tho, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh city These findings are also similar with other studies conducted in China, Russia, Indonesia, Pakistan and India ... Bao’s research in 2009 also proved the relationship between prostitution and using drugsparticularly injecting heroin 1.5 Factors affecting the risk of HIV infection and STIs Those factors can be...
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