kiểm định tính hợp lệ và độ tin cậy của phiếu phỏng vấn
Productive regions for inclusive societies 2016
... productivity gains, the Regional Outlook 2011 was advocating a more integrated strategy, consolidating economy-wide structural policies by complementing them with place-based policies A second trend ... policy: Countries rating objectives as high priority 2.2 Urban development policy: Countries rating objectives as high priority 2.3 Rural development policy: Countries rating objectives as ... technological capacity; capabilities in branding, marketing, and managing; being part of global value chains (i.e importing intermediate products, exporting parts or final products); etc For regions...
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Managing the risk in renewable energy
... Building the plant 11 52 Operating the plant 16 52 Retrofitting the plant 43 45 Decommissioning the plant Different types of risk: Counting the ways l Building and testing risk: Risk of property ... energy sector? (% respondents) Operating power plants 37 Distributing and selling power 20 Financing/investing in power plants 18 Designing power plants 13 Constructing power plants None of the above ... Furthermore, because operating margins in many areas of renewable energy production are relatively thin, the cost of transferring risk can appear high, affecting financial performance by eating into earnings...
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NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY pdf
... for setting up businesses and employment Also, renewable energy technolo‐ gies can make indirect assistances to poverty alleviation by providing energy for cooking, space heating, and lighting ... self-regulating motivation and, above all, a lack of enthusiasm to be involved in monitoring polluting operations and enterprises Public participation could be a cost-effective method of implementing ... peaks were discovered from the spectrum: one representing the yearly frequency and the other representing the daily oscillations After calculating the frequencies, the phase angle (ϕ) and the amplitude...
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GLOBAL TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENT 2011 docx
... module prices continue to drop above for investment in small-scale electricity in 2010 This sector includes biomass heating, ground- and airsource heating and solar water heating The last of ... value of existing equity purchased by new corporate buyers in companies developing renewable technology or operating renewable energy projects THE RENEWABLE ENERGY FINANCING CONTINUUM 10 GLOBAL ... billion) OTHER LATIN AMERICA Latin America excluding Brazil saw the biggest absolute increase in renewable energy investment among the regions of the developing world, and within Latin America, the...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 1 ppt
... The Kyoto Protocol entered into force in February by committing contracting parties as a group to achieve an overall reduction in polluting emissions of 5% in the period 2008-12 with respect to ... economic and environmental assessments of a world in which the economy continues on its current course without polluting emission reductions policies), energy demand should increase by 1.5% per ... polluting sectors in 2008, by making a 41% contribution to the world CO2 emissions in 2008, relying on carbon fuel, especially in developing countries such as China and India Fig Top 10 emitting...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 2 pptx
... Nowadays, energy security does not mean anymore protecting existing energy supplies The political instability of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries has a strong impact ... damage from pollution Moreover, the optimal tax level on polluting emissions is not equal to the marginal net damage that the polluting activity generates initially, but to the damage it would ... of nonparticipation It is quite straightforward that limiting participation produce inefficiencies by rising the costs for the participating countries His research allows to calculate the cost...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 3 doc
... phenomenon An autopoietic system is a network of processes consisting of: i) interactions and transformations continuously regenerating and realizing its networks of existence, and ii) the constitution ... a tiny but nevertheless bottleneck within a resource network as e.g a rare metal or substance which is crucially needed somewhere in a corner of the exploitation network Nevertheless, exploiting ... investigating the Tragedy of Autopoietic Social Subsystems and the Tragedy of Security/Risk/Profit Psychology, proposes the extension of the classical Human Ecology triangle to a rectangle consisting...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 4 potx
... electricity generation and generating capacity by fuel type Total primary energy supply, total final consumption, total electricity generation and total generating capacity ECO12: Non-carbon ... supply, electricity generation and generating capacity by non-carbon energy Total primary energy supply, total electricity generation and total generating capacity ECO13: Renewable energy share ... electricity generation and generating capacity by renewable energy Total primary energy supply, total final consumption, total electricity generation and total generating capacity ECO14: End-use...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 5 doc
... meeting or minimizing the deficit between the production and import within a long time On the other hand, although Turkey has sufficient lignite reserves for electricity production, importing ... power plants and the studies for taking such measures continue rapidly in the other power plants It is vital for Turkey to take operating the coal reserves by using environment-friendly technologies ... stakeholders from the perspective of utilization of renewable energy sources, and promoting and participating in the selection and management of technology solutions Within the overall program,...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 6 doc
... Evaluation and analysis The rating scales and the weighting of each criterion were discussed and agreed at a meeting between the evaluation team and CINER and Mosoj Causay This meeting was held before ... possibilities to buy electric appliances, from lighting to communication and leisure The most noteworthy nightlife activities are spinning, knitting or sewing by women and schoolwork by children ... resources, lack of continuity in the training of technicians of the municipality and other stakeholders may hinder the fulfilment of commitments Moreover, the future of these systems is contingent on the...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 7 potx
... benefited from a 30% tax credit when converting from direct electric heating and oil-based heating to systems based on biomass or heat pumps Solar heating support was prolonged until 2010 3.2 ... Renewable for heating and cooling IEA http://www.dekoepel.org/documenten/Renewable_Heating_Cooling_Final_WEB pdf (last access February, 2011) Menkveld, M and Beurskens, L 2009 Renewable heating and cooling ... (80 %) An interesting tax reform was implemented in France up to 2005 In order to raise the share of biofuels in the market, the French Parliament introduced a general tax on polluting activities...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 8 pptx
... fitting is quite accurate, even for values up to k=3 3.2.3 Approximation of a finite line in terms of RC net The simplest approximation would to use a cascade of N identical RC cells simulating ... set point should be defined by the state of charge and the operating current But the fact that when you apply a non zero operating current, the state of charge is no longer fixed This is an important ... simulating a lead-acid battery using bond graphs, Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, vol 15, pp 82-97, 2007 Garche J., Jossen A., Döring H.(1997) The influence of different operating conditions,...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 9 docx
... / Ev ratios Of course the stable or discontinuous sunshine duration follows the changes in Gv / Ev and the momentary presence of Pv / Ev ratios indicating the penetration of available extraterrestrial ... one-minute recordings also hourly averages and appropriate parameters are quite satisfactorily reflecting clear half-days which might reduce the number of data considerably (Darula & Kittler, 2005a) ... In this cloudy case the Gv / Ev and Dv / Ev values is very high reaching 0.25 to 0.6 level indicating a very bright but sunless winter half-day which is indicated also by the Tv lower values compared...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 10 potx
... balance of supplementary electric lighting will enable to control it more effectively Thus, daylight as natural source can be applied for interior illumination respecting local sunlight and skylight ... mechanism of metal ion assimilation among which chelating plays a crucial role Many substances (chelators) occurring in plant cells contain typical chelating (ligand) atoms like oxygen, nitrogen and ... chelators in plants are phytochelatins, metallothioneins, organic acids and amino acids Shah & Nongkynrih, 2007 after some other authors state that phytochelatins are small metal-binding peptides...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 11 docx
... and diesel has heating value of about 45 MJ/kg Biomass on the other hand may have heating values ranging from 15 – 25 MJ/kg 2.1 Heating value and ultimate analysis of biomass Heating value of biomass ... termed its heating value or calorific value The heating value of biomass is reported in units of kJ/kg Gasoline used as fuel for running internal combustion engines has a reported heating value ... but yield of each depends on heating rate as depicted in fig 13) As mentioned biooil formation is a result of lignin pyrolysis Lignin is biopolymer (fig 14) consisting of some characteristic units...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 12 potx
... the use of a floating gas holder and incorporated local materials for construction (brick or concrete) Biogas is pressurized in the dome and can be easily used for cooking and lighting Figure shows ... Much improved and continuous flow designs include the SpreaderStoker system (similar to that shown in Figure 13) used in many refuse derived fuels (RDF) facility for converting solid wastes, and ... industrial use These are the “Chinese Digester” of fixed dome type, the “Indian Gobar Gas Plant” of floating gas holder type and the rectangular commercial size biogas digesters developed in Taiwan These...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 13 pot
... pp 1967-1976, ISSN 00162361 Ramirez J J., Martinez J D., Petro S L (2007) Basic design of a fluidized bed gasifier for rice husk on pilot scale Latin American Applied Research, Vol.37, pp 299-306, ... food and energy Most developed nations are now converting food products into energy sources, for instance, the United States is now converting massive quantities of grains into fuel for cars, ... United States, while the European Union's goal of getting 10 percent of its transport energy from renewable, mostly biofuel, by 2020 is also diverting land from food crops (Eaves and Eaves, 2007)...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 14 doc
... boiled water, the mixture was stirred continuously to avoid formation of lumps, it was then allowed to cool and on cooling, a thick-jelly mass was formed, gelatinized mixture was then poured into ... supply water from the tap for cooling the condenser and letting out water out of the condenser simultaneously Temperature on the heating mantle was set to the standard temperature for the production ... Biodiesel 265 Bernard, E.; Beater, L.; Boucher, C & Stencil B.A (2007) Continuous flow preparation of biodiesel using microwave heating Journal of Energy &Fuel, vol 21(3), pp 17771781 Bernard, M.E.R...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 15 ppt
... melting point of the energy grass is 690 C, while the ash melting point of the mixed wood-pellet is 1080 C 290 Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Fig 17 Ash melting ... lifetime of the plant, causes the low ash melting point of the energy grass This causes combustion problems because the ash melting occurs in the operating temperature of boiler The material can ... intensively than water content indicating some loss in dry material content, too 45 40 yields (t/ha) 35 30 25 20 15 10 fresh weight dry material weight shooting fresh weight dry material weight...
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Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources Part 16 docx
... Flora Europaea, Vol Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones), Tutin, T.G.; Heywood, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Moore, D.M.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M Webb, D.A., (Eds.), pp 192-199, Cambridge ... Other Methods) Version Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts Tutin, T.G.; Heywoog, V.H.; Burges, N.A.; Moore, D.M.; Valentine, D.H.; Walters, S.M & Webb, D.A (1980) Flora Europaea Vol Alismataceae ... related GHG emissions, promoting decentralization of electricity supply, and encouraging the use of renewable energy technologies There are several methods in estimating emission factors from...
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