... RG, Piva JP: End- of- lifecarein Brazil Intensive Care Med 2007, 33:1014-1017 10 Lisboa T, Friedman G: Forgoing lifesupportin Intensive care units of South Brazil: the results ofand ethical ... Mulkerin C, Puntillo KA, Ray DE, Weissman DE; Improve PalliativeCarein the Intensive Care Unit Project: Models for structuring a clinical initiative to enhance palliativecarein the intensive care ... the study of Fumis and Deheinzelin [1] provides valuable information to understand and improve decision-making processes at the EOL andtosupport the reformulation of competencies and skills...
... continuing all other forms oflife support) should be avoided and responsible clinicians asked to provide a rationale for this inconsistent level ofcare Although providing some life- sustaining ... the ICU and critical illness, and making lay or professional counselors available to families [19] 12 Great strides have been made in defining ethical principles to guide end- of- lifecarein the ... Critical Care February 2003 Vol No Rubenfeld and Curtis helping families weigh the burdens and benefits of ongoing intensive care, are essential to excellent end- of- lifecare These communication and...
... contribution of other factors involved in speaking 1.3 Cultural factors in the teaching and learning of speaking skills in classrooms 1.3.1 What cultural factors influence on the teaching and the learning ... attitudes of the teachers and students at -3- NTT towards the position of culture and speaking skills in ELT and towards cultural factors in developing speaking skills Also, the current teaching and ... it is that part of learned behavior shared with others The concept include a group’s way of thinking, feeling, and acting, and fixed patterns for doing certain things According to Thompson (1990:132),...
... roles of CBD people in consumer and customer and centre of expertise teams andto a lesser extent role of marketing people in consumer and customer teams This needs to be led by a small team (consumer ... clear exciting and shared vision, including our reason for being, what we stand for and a sense of direction We will need to work with a small team, may be the barrier busters to start with and then ... explicit It is working in Asda andin Boots In net, We want to have people excited about winning and delighted about what is in it for them They will then believe they should stay working for P&G because...
... the internet [has been] fluctuating, so learning has been off and on.” (UW) In larger towns of BA andin the capital of UW doctors mentioned that internet was starting to come in, but it was intermittent ... and writing KG, MD and JK contributed to the design and execution of the study, and the interpretation of data MK contributed to the planning and design of the study, interpretation and editing ... drafting and editing the manuscript KA contributed to the design and execution of the study, and the coding and interpretation of data MM and EK conducted the field interviews, contributed to coding,...
... difficult to obtain samples; it is only evaluated in intensively and chronically treated BD patients In contrast to most of the inflamed organs in BD, the joint is sterile and frequently involved in ... such as E-selectin, P-selectin, and endoglin are linked to SPR [9] Infiltrating cells are mainly of the HLA-DR+/CD3+/CD4+/CD45RO+ type [10] Other observations include mature dendritic cells; ... stimulating an immune response in BD Most tissue studies of the pathophysiology of BD are conducted in skin One of the unique and diseasespecific features of BD is the occurrence of a positive skin...
... Medicare since 1983[13] International advances inpalliativecare have identified key priorities inpalliative care, including financial support, professional training, research, prioritizing pain ... ethical and compassionate provision of endof -life careIn addition, medical schools and GME training programs should continue to incorporate cultural competency and patient-centered training into ... control, and global awareness ofpalliative medicine[14-16] Palliativecare is becoming increasingly valued in the age of modern medicine where technological advances are prolonging lifeand extending...
... assessments, to reduce bias, andto include predictors When interpreting results from longitudinal studies on HRQL after lung transplantation, it is wise to be informed about the amount and type of missing ... many domains of HRQL after lung transplantation [1-7] The aim of the present study was twofold First, to address the problem of missing data in the field of HRQL andlung transplantation, and secondly ... working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature and for clinical staging of chronic dysfunction inlung allografts International Society for Heart andLung Transplantation J Heart Lung...
... predominates in decision making By recording current medical practice and its motivations in end- of- life situations, our study helps to translate moral principles into legal and scientific guidelines ... difficulties and documentation of end- of- life decisions in European intensive care units: the ETHICUS Study Intensive Care Med 2008, 34:271-277 Hall RI, Rocker GM: End- of- lifecarein the ICU: ... group of patients who received full support including unsuccessful CPR (group A), and the group of patients in whom therapy was limited in any way (including withholding of CPR, withholding of some...
... secretion into the circulation allows ET-1 to act as a hormone Biosynthesis and amino acid sequence and structure of endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3 and related sarafotoxins ET-2 and ET-3 ... in the lung Since ET-1 may act as an immune modulator, an increase in ET-1 may contribute tolung injury by inducing expression of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor and IL-6 and IL-8 [149] ... cytokines may in turn stimulate the production of many inflammatory mediators, leading tolung injury ET-1 additionally activated neutrophils, and increased neutrophil migration and trapping in...
... ratios at a given FIO2 Their conclusion — to use PaO2/ FIO2 as input to a model that includes both shunt and inequality to provide a more reliable view of the lungs than will be given by the ratio ... using their two-factor model than when using the shunt-only model However, because the authors have a financial interest in commercial development of this methodology, it will be up to others to ... question definitively Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests References Rahn H, Fenn WO: A Graphical Analysis of the Respiratory Gas Exchange Washington, DC:...
... a redefinition of the role of patients in decision-making This new conceptualization of the role of patients in decision-making in healthcare settings is often termed 'shared decisionmaking' [1-3] ... interventions to increase shared decision-making The field of psychology has developed a large body of theoretical and empirical work devoted to conceptualizing and testing the determinants of behavior and ... injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs, and strength of efficacy beliefs can be used to develop a more fine-grained understanding of the effects of this atheoretical intervention Page of...
... a redefinition of the role of patients in decision-making This new conceptualization of the role of patients in decision-making in healthcare settings is often termed 'shared decisionmaking' [1-3] ... interventions to increase shared decision-making The field of psychology has developed a large body of theoretical and empirical work devoted to conceptualizing and testing the determinants of behavior and ... injunctive and descriptive normative beliefs, and strength of efficacy beliefs can be used to develop a more fine-grained understanding of the effects of this atheoretical intervention Page of...
... diversity, and a health landscape that is increasingly crowded in terms of actors and issues, have increased the challenge of maintaining the profile of SRH in sectoral and national planning processes, ... in the evolving health and development landscapes There is a clear trend towards increasing coordination, and towards alignment and harmonization; global attention to these factors will continue, ... systems, public finance management, and sex, and link these to commitments for the MDGs They need to be able to offer SRH strategies and ensure that SRH indicators are integrated into information...
... widely integrated into routine practices of OVC programmes, in part because existing toolkits are rather vague on how to obtain the information needed to apply the methods While textbooks and toolkits ... Increased demand for costing information is also embedded into the growing demand for implementation science, including cost-effectiveness analysis in relation to HIV/AIDS programming[6] Because of the ... Kenyan NGO) in Eastern Province of Kenya Methods and results The costing methodology involves the following six steps: accessing and organizing the NGO’s annual financial report into logical sub-categories;...
... consultants and contractors involved in policy making and planning, and delivering as well as in utilizing infrastructure A five-point Likert scale was applied for questions relating to the degree of ... factors in the case of Vietnam A longitudinal survey was carried out to examine the developmental trends of the efficiency of public investments in infrastructure construction tosupport trade and ... non-government agencies included financial institutions, traders, developers, consultants and contractors involved in investing and delivering infrastructure, as well as in utilizing infrastructure services...
... (Kuh, 1995; Tinto, 1997; Pascarella, 2006) In the context of social interaction, people sharing common interests and ideas and belonging to the same group are expected to interact more often than ... group, or special interest group In addition, the existing communication tools are mainly used to interact with acquaintance or friend rather than for serendipitous meeting for social interaction among ... factors considered in the design and the findings of the user study iv) Iteration (Final prototype): The final prototype is implemented in a public setting for the long term trial The design of...