... months of culture; production of 600–800 g per fish or 1.2–1.4 g per fish Stocking density is 44 fish m−3 of size 80–100 g; feeding with trash fish at 3–5% of body weight twice daily; 6–7 months of ... 3× daily at 5% of body weight; 1988) 18 weeks of culture; production of 180 g fish, 99% survival Stocking density is 44 fish m−3 of size 80–100 g; feeding with trash fish at 3–5% of body weight ... predators Selection of species for culture Knowledge of the biology of each fish species is crucial in optimizing production from cages The selection of fish should be based on a number of biological...
... activity of these FVIIa variants is presumably linked to a more stable burial of the N-terminus of the protease domain in the activation pocket of the activation domain [15] This event is (part of) ... concentrations of active enzyme, and to ensure that all comparisons of the two forms of FVIIa were performed using the concentrations of active enzyme The enzymes were diluted to a concentration of 100 ... functional defect of G372AFVIIa was, if anything, smaller in the presence of TF, which suggests that the allosteric effect of TF, inuencing burial of the N-terminus, and the extent of catalytic stimulation...
... following erosion of sole horn 102 COLOR ATLAS OF DISEASES AND DISORDERSOF CATTLE 7.9. Removal of hoof wall to allow drainage of ascending white line infection Management: white line disorders are ... 110 COLOR ATLAS OF DISEASES AND DISORDERSOF CATTLE C A B 7.37. Scissor claw with lateral claw curling axially Complications of digital hoof disorders Superficial under-running of the corium is ... total erosion of the wall at the toe and exposure of corium (not visible) 106 COLOR ATLAS OF DISEASES AND DISORDERSOF CATTLE 7.22. Toe necrosis showing typical dorsal rotation of affected digit...
... Management of the Hypertensive Disordersof Pregnancy Table Risk stratification for preeclampsia and intensity of antenatal care: EMMA Clinic, Vancouver Risk Nature of previous PET No of abnormal ... infant of < 10% of a therapeutic dose However, there are no studies of the effects of antihypertensives on breast-fed preterm infants or those of low birthweight Also, long-term effects of antihypertensive ... the role of self-measurement of BP, accuracy of the ratios of urinary protein to creatinine and albumin to creatinine for diagnosis of proteinuria, multivariable models for T prediction of preeclampsia,...
... form of Eq 35 is independent of the size of a small cluster attaching to a large cluster of size n Let the number of SWNTs in a small cluster be equal to ns, and the concentration of clusters of ... dependence of SWNT diffusion coefcient, which complicates its kinetic behaviour If a solution contains a mixture of different sorts of SWNTs, the character of the diffusion of SWNTs of a given ... function of small clusters is of the same order The real time of the growth of fractal clusters (~ 106 s) exceeds the estimation result by many orders of magnitude In describing the growth kinetics of...
... evolution of thinking as to the origin of what we now call mental disorders The Hippocratic Doctors of Ancient Greece left us with scripts describing the early philosophical-scientific thoughts of the ... patients suffering from disorders and diseases of the brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel ... least treatable of cancers Theo Mantamadiotis, PhD Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Laboratory of Physiology Medical School University of Patras Rio-Patras,...
... nerve develops atrophy In this setting, reduction of optic disc swelling is an ominous sign of a dying nerve rather than an encouraging indication of resolving papilledema Figure 29-12 Papilledema ... substance of the optic nerve head (Fig 29-13) They are unrelated to drusen of the retina, which occur in age-related macular degeneration Optic disc drusen are most common in people of northern ... acetazolamide lowers intracranial pressure by reducing the production of cerebrospinal fluid Weight reduction is vital but often unsuccessful If acetazolamide and weight loss fail, and visual...
... cataracts develop slowly as a result of aging, leading to gradual impairment of vision The formation of cataract occurs more rapidly in patients with a history of ocular trauma, uveitis, or diabetes ... litigious society, the fraudulent pursuit of recompense has spawned an epidemic of factitious visual loss Chronic Visual Loss Cataract This is a clouding of the lens sufficient to reduce vision ... optic neuropathy, usually associated with chronic elevation of intraocular pressure In Americans of African descent it is the leading cause of blindness The mechanism whereby raised intraocular pressure...
... by administration of panretinal laser photocoagulation at the appropriate point in the evolution of the disease For further discussion of the manifestations and management of diabetic retinopathy, ... discovery of insulin resulted in a dramatic improvement in life expectancy for patients with diabetes mellitus, it is now a leading cause of blindness in the United States The retinopathy of diabetes ... X-linked pattern Irregular black deposits of clumped pigment in the peripheral retina, called bone spicules because of their vague resemblance to the spicules of cancellous bone, give the disease...
... can give the appearance of enophthalmos True enophthalmos occurs commonly after trauma, from atrophy of retrobulbar fat, or fracture of the orbital floor The position of the eyes within the orbits ... This is the leading cause of proptosis in adults (Chap 335) The proptosis is often asymmetric and can even appear to be unilateral Orbital inflammation and engorgement of the extraocular muscles, ... orbital fissure into the cavernous sinus The diagnosis of orbital pseudotumor is difficult Biopsy of the orbit frequently yields nonspecific evidence of fat infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells,...
... missed The combination of slight proptosis, diplopia, enlarged muscles, and an injected eye is often mistaken for thyroid ophthalmopathy A bruit heard upon auscultation of the head, or reported ... is an abnormal drooping of the eyelid Unilateral or bilateral ptosis can be congenital, from dysgenesis of the levator palpebrae superioris, or from abnormal insertion of its aponeurosis into ... can develop so gradually that the patient is unaware of the problem Inspection of old photographs is helpful in dating the onset A history of prior trauma, eye surgery, contact lens use, diplopia,...
... symptom of malingering or psychiatric disease Diplopia alleviated by covering one eye is binocular diplopia and is caused by disruption of ocular alignment Inquiry should be made into the nature of ... limitation of ocular excursions is often difficult to detect For example, a patient with a slight left abducens nerve paresis may appear to have full eye movements, despite a complaint of horizontal ... lesion affecting the innervation to either of the two muscles that open the eyelid: Müller's muscle or the levator palpebrae superioris Examination of the pupil helps to distinguish between these...
... must be done to exclude an aneurysm A lesion of the oculomotor nucleus in the rostral midbrain produces signs that differ from those caused by a lesion of the nerve itself There is bilateral ptosis ... or infection Injury to structures surrounding fascicles of the oculomotor nerve descending through the midbrain has given rise to a number of classic eponymic designations In Nothnagel's syndrome, ... and compression In cerebral herniation the nerve becomes trapped between the edge of the tentorium and the uncus of the temporal lobe Oculomotor palsy can also occur from midbrain torsion and hemorrhages...
... 50% of cases Supranuclear Disordersof Gaze These are often mistaken for multiple ocular motor nerve palsies For example, Wernicke's encephalopathy can produce nystagmus and a partial deficit of ... causes of supranuclear gaze palsy Disordersof vertical gaze, especially downwards saccades, are an early feature of progressive supranuclear palsy Smooth pursuit is affected later in the course of ... diplopia from ischemic palsies of extraocular muscles Fisher syndrome, an ocular variant of Guillain-Barré, produces ophthalmoplegia with areflexia and ataxia Often the ataxia is mild, and the...
... controlled at the level of the midbrain The neuronal circuits affected in disordersof vertical gaze are not fully elucidated, but lesions of the rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal ... misalignment of the eyes, usually constant in all positions of gaze The finding has poor localizing value because skew deviation has been reported after lesions in widespread regions of the brainstem ... results in a failure of adduction on attempted lateral gaze For example, a patient with a left internuclear ophthalmoplegia will have slowed or absent adducting movements of the left eye (Fig...
... examination of the eyes Observation of nystagmoid movements of the optic disc on ophthalmoscopy is a sensitive way to detect subtle nystagmus Gaze-Evoked Nystagmus This is the most common form of jerk ... The pattern of nystagmus may vary with gaze position Some patients will be oblivious to their nystagmus Others will complain of blurred vision, or a subjective, to-and-fro movement of the environment ... not appear until several months of age Congenital motor nystagmus, which looks similar to congenital sensory nystagmus, develops in the absence of any abnormality of the sensory visual system Visual...
... sensation of smell begins with introduction of an odorant to the cilia of the bipolar neuron Most odorants are hydrophobic; as they move from the air phase of the nasal cavity to the aqueous phase of ... features resembling glia of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, surround the axons along their course The glomeruli are the focus of a high degree of convergence of information, since ... Cognitive awareness of smell requires stimulation of the prepiriform cortex or amygdaloid nuclei A secondary site of olfactory chemosensation is located in the epithelium of the vomeronasal organ,...
... Meningiomas of the inferior frontal region are the most frequent neoplastic cause of anosmia; loss of smell may be the only neurologic abnormality Rarely, anosmia can occur with gliomas of the frontal ... subjective distortion of taste and smell, which may become more severe as the disease progresses The loss of taste and smell may play an important role in the development and progression of HIV-associated ... or bilateral impairment of smell in up to 15% of cases; anosmia is more common than hyposmia Olfactory dysfunction is more common when trauma is associated with loss of consciousness, moderately...