in a complex reality it is unavoidable to find multiple legitimate views of the same problems
MULTI - SCALE INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF AGROECOSYSTEMS - CHAPTER 1 potx
... the Complexity of Reality The Crash of Reductionism against the Complexity of Reality 1.1 Example 1: In a Complex Reality It Is Unavoidable to Find Multiple Legitimate Views of the Same Problems ... Example 1: In a Complex Reality It Is Unavoidable to Find Multiple Legitimate Views of the Same Problems 1.1.1 Contrasting but Legitimate Policy Suggestions for Sustainability In 1996 I was invited ... to swim in a sea of complaints about the inadequacy of reductionism, the lack of holism and the need of a paradigm shift in science.This ocean of complaints was linked to the acknowledgment of...
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channel adaptive technologies and cross layer designs for wireless systems with multiple antennas
... spatial multiplexing On the other hand, one can deliver the same information bits over multiple spatial channels to exploit the spatial diversity so as to enhance the reliability of the transmission ... the performance of the physical layer One promising approach is to utilize channel feedback information at the transmitter We call it the “channel—adaptive approach.” Another promising approach ... average packet delay and average arrival rate of various scheduling algorithms in a two-user MAC channel [145] Routing mechanisms in the RICA protocol Route updating induced by the breaking of...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Adaptive selection of antenna grouping and beamforming for MIMO systems" ppt
... identical Page of complex Gaussian distribution with mean and unit variance When the channel has IID Rayleigh fading, R and T in (1) is an identity matrix I The noise n is an AWGN vector with variance ... proportional to the squared singular value of a channel The BER performance is thus dominated by the minimum singular value We find the minimum singular value of each HAG, and pick the best Hi’s and WAG ... values of HAG dmin ,ag is the minimum Euclidean distance of the transmit constellation in antenna grouping In (15), we can easily calculate the minimum Euclidean distance of received beamforming...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Vector perturbation based adaptive distributed precoding scheme with limited feedback for CoMP systems" docx
... back the adjustment factor index Table is the feedback overhead of ADP compared with that of WLP and MBSFN The number of feedback bits of WLP and ADP is linear with K, and that of MBSFN is independent ... 4] In each transmission frame, the adjustment factors of the coordinated BSs are selected from this set as the optimal value of b The statistics of the optimal value of b are given in Figure The ... predefined order in each frame Based on the optimal distributed precoding and the gradient iteration of the perturbation vector, the idea of ADP is that in each downlink transmission frame, the...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Capacity Performance of Adaptive Receive Antenna Subarray Formation for MIMO Systems" pdf
... antenna at the receiver is ρ= 2.2 P N0 (3) General mathematical formulation of antenna subarray formation Antenna Subarray Formation can be applied with any number of RF chains available at the ... algorithm for antenna selection Let A = UA A VH be a singular value decomposition [32] of A matrix A We get A AH A −1 A H = UA Σ A V H V A Σ V H A A A −1 VA A UH A = UA A VH VA Σ-2 VH VA A UH ... = A VH is a matrix with orthogonal rows and A columns B Let A = UA A VH be a singular value decomposition of the A transformation matrix A Exploiting Hadarmard’s inequality for determinants...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Channel Impulse Response Length and Noise Variance Estimation for OFDM Systems with Adaptive Guard Interval" docx
... channel including the channel variance and the noise variance The ratio R is defined in [6] as a constant factor in the interval [0.9 → 0.95] Since the noise variance and the channel variance are ... interpreted as a penalty factor which is constant and set to be 0.08 The constant penalty factor is the main drawback of Larsson’s algorithm In the proposed algorithm, the penalty factor is the ... time-variant In this case, the estimated CIR length depends heavily on the variation of the variance of the last tap If the variance of the last tap is larger than the step size, then this tap can...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " A Reconfigurable Spiral Antenna for Adaptive MIMO Systems" docx
... constrained to employ a fixed antenna design over varying channel conditions This is an additional degree of freedom in adaptable parameters of an adaptive MIMO system and permits the selection of the ... to the plane of the spiral—or tilted beam pattern—off-normal to the plane of the spiral [8] The single-arm spiral, which is used in this work, has the advantage of not requiring a balun circuit ... routing the RF signal feeding the antennas In this work, we integrate a number of RFMEMS actuators within the geometrical structure of the antenna to construct a reconfigurable spiral antenna In other...
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Báo cáo y học: "Networked Research buffering: a basic mechanism for distributed robustness in complex adaptive systems" pptx
... steps in a pathway (e.g a metabolite in a reaction pathway or the initial binding of RNA polymerase prior to gene transcription) Given the reductionist bias in science, it is not surprising that ... much a protein has actually contributed to each of the traits it is capable of influencing The extent to which a protein i contributes to a trait j is indicated by the matrix elements Mij є Z Each ... percentage of genes that are mutated in each protein system Differential robustness is defined as the probability for a system phenotype to maintain fitness after it was allowed to adjust to a change in...
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agent-based model selection framework for complex adaptive systems
... used also in their everyday meaning; in such a case, an attempt is made to accompany them with a note of the intended reading Model In general terms a model in this dissertation means either a running ... small-scale behavior and local interactions The class of land-use and land-cover change models naturally falls into this category An inherent characteristic of these systems is that the behavior ... company Spatial or Spatially Explicit (also called ‘spatially referenced’ in literature) means that together with the quality or type of a biophysical variable, its location on the landscape is...
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Dynamic scheduling techniques for adaptive applications on real time embedded systems
... Thesis The organization of this thesis is as follows Chapter reviews the historical and state -of- the- art research status related to the adaptive application scheduling, with emphasis on energy and ... global scheduling is a dynamic approach that manages a dispatch queue, and delivers the task at the queue head to the earliest available processor The biggest advantage is that runtime load balance ... may occur is when the remaining optional cycles of a task are less than the slack cycles allocated In this case, we allocate the remaining slack in a greedy fashion That is, if the node with the...
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Design of adaptive and hybrid energy QOS aware heterogeneous multiprocessor scheduling strategies for embedded systems
... Definition αI Initial charge inside a battery This is the amount of charge a pristine battery would have Measured in mA-mins a αT Total charge inside a battery at any given point in time This ... Health factor, having the range < HF < 1.0, is used as a threshold to assess the health of a battery The health of a battery is defined as αSA /αT and gives the ratio of the charge that is available ... this dissertation is hitherto not satisfactorily addressed in existing literature Chapter7: This chapter introduces and explains the algorithmic contribution of this dissertation The working of...
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A Study of Channel Estimation for OFDM Systems and System Capacity for MIMO-OFDM Systems
... fast fading channels Then, the thesis switches to next issue, that is system capacity In Chapter 5, the MIMO-OFDM system capacity with imperfect feedback channel is investigated In Chapter 6, the ... propagation and the small scale propagation The signal variations due to path loss or shadowing occur over relatively large distances, this variation is referred to as the large scale propagation ... value of xdB, xdB = 10 log10 x in unit of dB, and σxis the standard deviation of xdB , also in unit of dB 2.1.2 Small scale propagation The small scale fading of a signal is a more rapid fluctuation,...
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Free Software tools for embedded systems
... or with OpenOffice.org itself! Take advantage of internal or external hyperlinks So, don’t hesitate to click on them! Find pages quickly thanks to automatic search Use thumbnails to navigate in the document in a quick way ... Works by allowing tools to be crosscompiled in a transparent way, making building tools believe they are doing a native compile job Supported platforms: arm, x86 Uses the qemu emulator to transparently run built arm binaries ... in particular based on Eclipse and the Linux Trace Toolkit Includes FreeToolBox, a freely downloadable compiling and rootfs creating toolchain Supports i386, arm and ppc Hard realtime support with their own ...
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techniques for adaptive control - vance vandoren
... point Thus the loop is stable The gain margin is dB (factor of 2) and the phase margin is 60 , apparently indicating adequate robustness However these traditional stability margins are misleading ... Suffice it to say that each model type and each curve-fitting technique has its advantages and disadvantages, most of which are more mathematical than intuitive Each also presents a myriad of options ... collecting data only while the process is in a steady stateÐthat is, after it has finished responding to the last disturbance or setpoint change The effects of measurement noise can also be mitigated...
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Tài liệu C Programming for Embedded Systems docx
... of a trademark claim, the product name appears in initial capital letters, in all capital letters, or in accordance with the vendor's capitalization preference Readers should contact the appropriate ... powerful; therefore, each line of code written in C can replace many lines of assembly language Debugging and maintaining code written in C is much easier than in code written in assembly language ... routine (ISR), it places the starting address in the appropriate interrupt vector within the ROM map, or relocates the code at the entrypoint location in ROM The compiler may also automatically...
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Which Sound Is Different?
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