... 800 mm and annual mean temperature 7.5 °C The spruce stand was 95 years old at the beginning ofthe study in 1986, and had been planted in a former beech stand Thesoil was an acidic brown soil ... coefficients ofan acidic soil, KG(Ca/ Al) and KG(Mg/Al), when saturation of Al 3+ and Fe 3+ increases (after [9]) and the theoretical balance for the whole soil (i.e the change inthe whole soil = change ... How can this decrease in Ca and Mg be explained? In order to answer that question, the quantities of Ca, Mg and K incorporated inthe woody biomass and the increasing needle biomass (as explained...
... availability of these elements inthesoil This may be an indication of acidification ofthesoil Acidification in a soil, whatever its causes, is the consequence ofan increase inthe number of protons, ... conceal the effects on the ring mineral content of possible temporal decrease of their concentration inthesoil Even if the mineral content ofthe last ring depends on thesoilpropertiesthe year ... interest of tree-ring analysis 1994); a more METHODS We selected the Amance State Forest, about 000 ha, inthe Lorraine plain, 15 km northeast of Nancy, inthe northeast of France This forest is...
... established, comprising soils of alluvial and lacustrine sediment origin inthe pasture land and of lacustrine origin inthe cropland We assessed changesinsoil moisture, carbon and nutrient content ... land management can result inan increased mineralization ofsoil organic matter In most severe cases the wetland desiccates, is weed infested and eventually abandonend 1.4 Soil resistance and ... resilience Soil resistance is defined as the capability to maintain soil functioning during a period of anthropological or natural event of disturbance5 Soil resilience is defined as the ability of soils...
... ofthe protein inthe N- and MG states, the regions of moderate and high accessibility, and regions involved inthe oligomerization of both statesofthe T domain in solution Results Monitoring ... pathway The acidic pH inthe endosome triggers a conformational change, leading to insertion ofthe toxin inthe membrane The C domain is then translocated across the endosomal membrane into the ... diphtheria toxin is cleaved by furin into two fragments: the A chain corresponding to the catalytic domain (C domain); and the B chain corresponding to the translocation domain (T domain) and the...
... ha-1 for the composted manure and 30 t ha-1 for the chicken manure Although the "total" concentrations of Cd and Pb inthe chicken manure and Cd inthe composted manure were higher than inthe experimental ... The use of biosolids as a fertilizer significantly increased TOC and Ntot inthe soils The organic matter in biosolids increases the ability ofsoil to retain water The biosolids treatment involved ... applied and the understanding ofthe behaviour of metals inthesoil is essential for assessing environmental risks when the wastes are applied in agro -ecosystems The main objective of this paper...
... types of people inthe overall distributions of earnings and income have changed over time Has the relative position of women improved over time, for instance? Because many ofthe data ofthe kind ... wealth of someone a tenth ofthe way from the top ofthe distribution than that of a person inthe middle? We summarise how these distributions and levels of inequality within them have changed ... people and all the main political parties in Britain subscribe to the ideal of ‘equality of opportunity’ The systematic nature of many ofthe differentials we present, and the ways in which advantages...
... wider in London than in any other region, and inequality in earnings and incomes has increased faster in London over the last decade than anywhere else Table S3: Inequality in earnings and income ... similar gain inthe shares of those with the highest incomes occurred in other English-speaking countries inthe 1980s and 1990s, but not in continental Europe (Box 2.2) Earnings and income inequality ... to 52 for an A and 56 for an A* 10 An anatomy of economic inequality inthe UK The position of different groups Tables S4 and S5 at the end of this summary bring together measures of inequality...
... but there is a tendency of changing from rice to vegetable production due to increasing demand from the inner city markets of Hanoi and Nam Dinh. At the Hanoi site, sewage water ... but also includes wastewater and discharges from industrial activities inthe urban areas [4, 20]. In Nam Dinh, thesoil samples were taken inthe fields where the DANIDA‐IWMI ... contaminate the agricultural soils inthe long‐term. As a result, the concentrations of trace metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) inthe wastewater‐irrigated soils were significantly higher than in ...
... reduce the value ofthe product to the customer 50 The “image” of a brand is therefore an integral part ofthe product, and determines the willingness to pay of consumers Manufacturers of luxury ... “feel” of their experience with the product, and typically buy it to enhance their own image The “image” of a brand is an integral part ofthe product, and determines the willingness to pay of consumers ... informative) will increase the number of buyers who purchase the product ofthe manufacturer Since the margin ofthe retailer is smaller than that ofan integrated firm, advertising will be too...
... bioproduct The amounts of effective water inthesoil samples cultivated tea and manured by the bioproduct are higher than those for thesoil sample DC and proportional to the time of manuring the bioproduct ... that the amounts of water poured under the pressure pF ≤ 4.2 inthesoil samples manured by the bioproducts are higher than those ofthesoil samples DC The amount of water poured from thesoil ... (24.8%) It can be suggested from the results that the bioproduct Lipomycin M can improve the ability of holding water in soil, thus reducing the percentage of gravity water inthesoil samples...
... For the first time since this monitoring task began, the data indicate a decline in both the poverty rate and the number of poor in all six regions ofthe developing world Between 2005 and ... America and the Caribbean (LAC) until 2002 But we have seen sharply falling poverty counts (and percentage poor) in LAC since then The rising incidence and number of poor in Eastern Europe and ... certainly by the standards of what poverty means in rich countries There has been less long-run progress in getting over the $2 per day hurdle Indeed, we see only a small drop inthe number of...
... to take the analysis further by inserting the determinants of interest rates, and is then used, in place ofthe former one, inthe rest ofthe paper 3.1 A benchmark of integration: Italian regions ... the number of households with GDP inthe indicator of disposable income, and bank loans both with GDP and with the number of firms inthe indicator of alternative financing sources The results ... their determinants The matrices Xi,t and Zi, t include the same covariates inthe regressions ofthe categories of deposit interest rates; inthe regressions ofthe categories of lending interest...
... partially the 3.0-kb A2 transcript In contrast, the greater increase ofthe 2.5-kb cyclin B1 transcript cannot be explained by half-life changes It is possible that the majority ofthe regulation of these ... well with the estimated doubling time of EL4 cells in logarithmic growth No major variation inthe mRNA half-life of cyclin mRNAs inthe cell cycle In order to test whether changesin mRNA steadystate ... shown) The relatively modest twofold changes for the halflives of mouse cyclin A2 and B1 mRNAs observed here contrast with the large changes observed in earlier analyses on human HeLa and colorectal...
... absolutely innocent of any wrong-doing In trying to find out exactly the point of view and the feeling ofthe Negroes which is most important in any honest consideration of conditions I was handed the ... gone A great many of them were buying homes on the instalment plan 16 The crimes ofthe mob include robbery as well as murder In a number of cases the property of innocent and unoffending people ... Southern cities, had been given in Atlanta and other places with the effect of increasing the prejudice of both races Certain newspapers in Atlanta, taking advantage of popular feeling, kept the...
... were present in most ofthe time points (or all ofthe time points for donor A) within the respective individual but were not seen in any other individual Overall, despite differences in HIV-1 genetic ... http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/107 transactivation ability [15-17], and R52 participates inthe binding of Tat to TAR and is involved inthe nuclear localisation of Tat [18,19] The strong or total suppression of transactivation ... assessed using a luciferase reporter assay The luciferase reporter contains the HIV-1 LTR upstream ofthe luc gene meaning that specific binding of Tat to an RNA structure (the transactivation...
... were present in most ofthe time points (or all ofthe time points for donor A) within the respective individual but were not seen in any other individual Overall, despite differences in HIV-1 genetic ... http://www.virologyj.com/content/4/1/107 transactivation ability [15-17], and R52 participates inthe binding of Tat to TAR and is involved inthe nuclear localisation of Tat [18,19] The strong or total suppression of transactivation ... assessed using a luciferase reporter assay The luciferase reporter contains the HIV-1 LTR upstream ofthe luc gene meaning that specific binding of Tat to an RNA structure (the transactivation...
... The respondents were almost unanimous in judging that the J2J program was very useful and 79% of them have increased their reporting of HIV/AIDS since the conference (Figure 2) In addition, the ... Understanding the Task: ARV Rollout and research issues inthe developing world Medical and therapeutic issues in HIV Medical and therapeutic issues in HIV Medical and therapeutic issues in HIV Medical and ... from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research which also provides support to the laboratory of Dr MAW References 10 11 12 13 Bertrand JT, Anhang R: The effectiveness of mass media in changing...
... 2000, and shut down four of these (CIIS, 2002) Since 1986, the Simao Paper Plant and the Lanping Lead-Zinc Mine have been built on the banks ofthe Lancang (Mekong) River In addition to these industrial ... upstream ofthe Great Lake of Cambodia and inthe mainstream inthe Lao PDR and possibly in some tributaries ofthe Mekong Large-scale caged fish culture that lines the banks ofthe Mekong and Bassac ... occur during rainfall and one commonly sees an increase inthe concentration inthe river and an increase in total transported load The relationship between rainfall, runoff, and pollutant concentrationlload...
... discontinuities in mammals and other organisms Rather than simple mutations within structural genes, many ofthe mechanisms underlying change represent more subtle and complex changes involving ... organisms such as the mouse, and on what we can learn from human pathologies [31] The genetic hypotheses proposed for the Afrotheria and other mammals are only the beginning; inthe future, an increased ... development inthe smaller Afrotherians Asher and Lehmann [8] therefore examined the relation of jaw size to the number of permanent teeth using skulls of tenrecs and golden moles, and were able...