illuminating mechanisms of pathogenesis revealing complexity
Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 1) potx
... any part of a host organism In general, the type of disease produced by a particular microbe is often a direct consequence of its route of entry into the body The most common sites of entry are ... presence of potentially pathogenic microbes in or on a host), infection (attachment and growth of pathogens and avoidance of host defenses), and disease (often, but not always, the result of activities ... ligands or adhesins for host receptors constitute a major area of study in the field of microbial pathogenesis Adhesins comprise a wide range of surface structures, not only anchoring the microbe to...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 2) potx
... and histocompatibility major class I antigens Bacterial Pathogens Neisseria spp Pili Membrane cofactor protein (CD46) Pseudomonas Pili and flagella Asialo-GM1 Lipopolysaccharide Cystic aeruginosa...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 3) doc
... residues on globosides of the human P blood groups Both of these types of pili have proteins located at the tips of the main pilus unit that are critical to the binding specificity of the whole pilus ... confined to one end of the organism (polar pili) or distributed more evenly over the surface An individual cell may have pili with a variety of functions Most pili are made up of a major pilin protein ... micrographic images of fixed cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flagella (A) and pili (B) projecting out from the bacterial poles can be seen C and D Atomic force microscopic image of live P aeruginosa...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 4) potx
... Binding of the highly conserved Staphylococcus aureus surface protein clumping factor A (ClfA) to fibrinogen has been implicated in many aspects of pathogenesis The conserved outer-core portion of ... adherence of pathogenic Candida to host tissues These adhesins are expressed under certain environmental conditions (often associated with stress) and are crucial for pathogenesis of fungal infections ... surface polysaccharide composed of poly-N- acetylglucosamine One function of this polysaccharide is to promote binding to materials used in catheters and other types of implanted devices; poly-Nacetylglucosamine...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 5) ppt
... several examples of microbial biofilm growth associated with human disease Many other pathogens can form biofilms during in vitro growth, and it is increasingly accepted that this mode of growth contributes ... grow The growth of viral pathogens entering skin or mucosal epithelial cells can be limited by a variety of host genetic factors, including production of interferons, modulation of receptors for ... microbial virulence and induction of disease Avoidance of Innate Host Defenses As microbes have probably interacted with mucosal/epithelial surfaces since the emergence of multicellular organisms,...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 6) docx
... be primarily a manifestation of host defense, resulting in bacterial clearance by both shedding of epithelial cells containing internalized bacteria and initiation of a protective and nonpathogenic ... most severe cases of cystic fibrosis The major clinical consequence is chronic airway-surface infection with P aeruginosa in 80–90% of patients with cystic fibrosis The failure of airway epithelial ... to ingest and promote the removal of P aeruginosa via a properly regulated inflammatory response has been proposed as a key component of the hypersusceptibility of these patients to chronic airway...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 7) ppsx
... structure of the microbial constituents that elicit inflammation, and detailed knowledge of these structures for bacterial pathogens has contributed greatly to our understanding of molecular mechanisms ... greatly to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis (Fig 114-3) One of the best-studied systems involves the interaction of LPS from gram-negative bacteria and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol ... frequently found at sites of infection with protozoan or multicellular parasites Successful pathogens, by definition, must avoid being cleared by professional phagocytes One of several antiphagocytic...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 8) pdf
... sequence and thus not bind to TLR5 The result is a lack of efficient host response to infection Bacteria also produce a high proportion of DNA molecules with unmethylated CpG residues that activate ... recognition of acylated microbial proteins and peptides The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) molecule is a generalized adaptor protein that binds to the cytoplasmic domains of all known ... known TLRs and also to receptors that are part of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1Rc) family Numerous studies have shown that MyD88-mediated transduction of signals from TLRs and IL-1Rc is critical for...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 9) pot
... toxin production is one of the best-characterized molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, while host factors such as IL-1, TNF-α, kinins, inflammatory proteins, products of complement activation, ... processing of the protein toxin by antigen-presenting cells Part of this process involves stimulation of the antigen-presenting cells to produce IL-1 and TNF-α, which have been implicated in many of ... target cells by means of a complex set of proteins referred to as the type III secretion system Loss or inactivation of this virulence system usually greatly reduces the capacity of a bacterial pathogen...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 10) pps
... importance of this structure in pathogenesis Host Response The inflammatory response of the host is critical for interruption and resolution of the infectious process but also is often responsible ... symptoms of septic shock The severity of septic shock is associated with the degree of production of host effectors Disease due to intracellular parasitism results from the formation of granulomas, ... provoke the formation of an abscess, probably because of the presence of zwitterionic surface polysaccharides such as the capsular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis The outcome of an infection...
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Chapter 114. Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (Part 11) pps
... recognition of viral infection Nat Immunol 7:131, 2006 [PMID: 16424890] Knirel YA et al: Structural features and structural variability of the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague ... transmission of this pathogen Venereally transmitted pathogens may undergo phenotypic variation due to the production of specific factors to facilitate transmission, but shedding of these pathogens ... in the formation of infectious foci In summary, the molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to colonize, invade, infect, and disrupt the host are numerous and diverse Each phase of the infectious...
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Báo cáo y học: "Cancer control through principles of systems science, complexity, and chaos theory: A mode"
... dynamical system following the principles of organized complexity; stable boundaries depend on the efficacy of resetting mechanisms Outside of the boundaries of a well-functioning system’s health ... center of this model lies in the health territory, which is straddling the outer core of the zone of order and the inner edge of chaos (Fig 2, 3) The health territory is an active space of 165 ... edge of chaos A singularity of oscillation is an imaginary fixed point of the pendulum-like movements Embryonic stem cell renewals may serve as an example of such repetitious endless cycles of...
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Báo cáo y học: "Proteomic analysis of mechanisms of hypoxia-induced apoptosis in trophoblastic cells"
... transfection of Bag-1 Morpho/AS to JAR cells did not alter the expression of PTEN after the exposure to hypoxia, which would mean that the expression of PTEN, and also that of Bcl-X, was independent of ... expression profiles of proteins involved in the mitochondrial (bcl-2, bax, and bcl-x, etc.) and stress reaction-related pathways of apoptosis (Fig 2) Table Altered protein expression of JAR cells ... calculated according to the formula: Changes in the level of phosphorylated JNK 1&2 (-fold of control) = absorbance of treated cells / absorbance of control cells All points were done duplicate X three...
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Study on the Photolytic Mechanisms of Red 141 Dye Wastewaters with an 185nm Vacuum-UV lamp
... vacuum-UV photolysis of water (H2O-VUV) is still a field of active research compared to other AOPs (Oppenlander and Gliese, 2000) The special requirements of the VUV photolysis of water according ... related to the formation of high local concentration of hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and a series of other species (Gonzalez and Braun, 1995) within a photochemical reaction zone of less than 0.1 mm (Heit ... differentiation of the contributions on the decomposition of Re 141 in aqueous solutions by UV direct photolysis, OH generated from the excitement of water, oxygen, and H2O2, respectively Development of the...
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ISOTOPE HYDROGRAPH SEPARATION FOR MODELING OF RUNOFF MECHANISMS OF ATMOSPHERICALLY DERIVED CHEMICAL AND RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS
... 22-23 of 2003 The amount of precipitation was 30 mm in total Figure shows the precipitation record of the studied event (Fig 2a) and the record of the river flow rate (solid line, Fig 2b) of the ... measurement, considering of their respective analytical errors A concept of two-component mixing was employed, in which it was assumed that runoff is composed of a mix of two components: one originating ... and by setting C1 and C2 as mentioned above, the fraction of new water evaluated for the main part of the runoff (0000 of Oct 22 to 1600 of Oct 23, 40 h in total) was found to be as shown in Fig...
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Mechanisms of Unstable Nitrite Inhibition of Aerobic Phosphate Uptake
... some of PAOs can that, the inhibitory effect of nitrite will be reduced Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of anoxic activity of PAOs on reduction of inhibitory effect of ... Cycle Operations of SBRs for Cultivation of the Enriched PAOs - 66 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol 6, No.1, 2008 Table - Composition of Synthetic Wastewater Methods of nitrite inhibition ... presence of nitrite was 13 mgP.gVSS-1.h-1 and the % activity of phosphate uptake was 39% On the other hands, in the case of AA with 1.9 mgN/gVSS of initial nitrite concentration, the size of inhibition...
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Transmission mechanisms of monetary policy the evidence
... cycle soon followed Transmission Mechanisms of Monetary Policy Traditional Interest-Rate Channels: expansionary monetary policy ir ↓, I ↑, Y↑ The interest rate channel of monetary transmission applies ... price for it relative to the cost of the facilities and equipment they are buying I ↑ because firms can buy a lot of new investment goods with only a small issue of stock The transmission mechanism ... which raises the desire of consumers to hold durable goods or housing, thus ↑ spending on them Expansionary monetary policy Pe ↑, value of financial assets ↑, likelihood of financial distress ↓,...
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Tài liệu Women''''s attitudes towards mechanisms of action of family planning methods: survey in primary health centres in Pamplona, Spain doc
... of action of some FP methods We did not state the mechanism of action of any FP methods and thus asked women to express their beliefs independently of their actual choices and independently of ... hypothetical method of FP In further sections women were asked about their knowledge of the mechanism of action of specific FP methods and if doctors or providers should explain the details of how a method ... attitudes for postfertilization effects The purpose of our study was to assess the attitudes about the mechanisms of action of FP in terms of whether these may influence a woman's decision to...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Mechanisms of amyloid fibril formation – focus on domain-swapping doc
... blocks only after partial unfolding of the a-helix from the body of the b-sheet (Fig 2C) Possible role of domain-swapping in the ‘off-pathway folding’ (OFF) model The OFF model for amyloid formation ... understanding of the importance of different parts of the molecule and their flexibility in the process of amyloid fibril formation often results more from a structural analysis of the amyloid ... absence of structural restraints is considered to drive the assembly of susceptible proteins into amyloid fibrils [19] The structure of amyloid fibrils reflects the aggregation of strands of b-pleated...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Survival mechanisms of pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ppt
... Proton ATPasePump Inhibition of acidification of phagosome harbouring Mycobacteria Expression of virulence proteins of PE-PGRS family C O2– Fig Key factors of the survival mechanisms involved in the ... of digested material by exocytosis Fig Detailed structure of a macrophage showing a typical process of phagocytosis Engulfed material A D Phagosome TACO Fusion Lysosome Inhibition of fusion of ... proteins of mycobacteria have a profound influence on its pathogenicity It was found that the disruption of an erp gene of M tuberculosis encoding a secretory protein effects the survival of M tuberculosis...
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