... environment Nevertheless, the lecture cannot escape from shortcomings that the authors would like to insist the tolerance from the users of the lecture and to thank them for their comments and remarks ... questions 1) Have you got a computer at home, school or work? What kind is it? 2) How often you use it? What you use it for? 3) What are the main components and features of your computer system? ... (develop) in the 1970s 3) In the 1980s, at least 100,000 LANs ……………… (set up) in laboratories and offices around theworld 4) The first digital computer ……………… (build) by the University of Pennsylvania...
... Cb and Vb are, respectively, the capacitance and voltage betweenthe NR andthe CPB island, Cg and Vg are, respectively, the gate capacitance and voltage of the CPB qubit, and CJ is the capacitance ... particle adsorbs to the resonator and significantly increases the resonator’s effective mass, therefore, the mechanical resonance frequency reduces Mass sensing is based on monitoring the frequency ... the adsorption to the resonator Therelationshipbetween Δω with the deposited mass Δm is given by m=− 2meff ω = R−1 ω, ωn (20) where R = (−2meff /ωn )−1 is defined asthe mass responsivity However,...
... current situation, and for the veterinary authorities in how to handle a potential outbreak Analysis of clustering of diseases To analyse whether a disease is clustered in space, time or in time and ... square kilometre within each municipality in B) category at the day of application The information of the locations of the farms with animal production as well as their production type and herd sizes ... Fig The map to the left shows the number of cattle herds within each municipality andthe map to the right shows average number of herds per square kilometres within each municipality In the...
... - To show values of two or ever require two or more binary digits Octal system - Octal system has eight as its base, it uses the symbol 0, 1, up to only - Two or more digits are needed for values ... electric pulse passing through the network Baseband is nevertheless suitable for most LANs, and is the mode employed by Ethernet and Cambridge Ring network b Broadband transmission: the data is modulates ... switch on - The cartridge are loaded by the operator so as to provide the data currently needed for the job in hand - Bach tracks is devided up into sectors(often or 8), sectors are read or written...
... To show values of two or ever require two or more binary digits • Octal system - Octal system has eight as its base, it uses the symbol 0, 1, up to only - Two or more digits are needed for values ... electric pulse passing through the network Baseband is nevertheless suitable for most LANs, and is the mode employed by Ethernet and Cambridge Ring network b Broadband transmission: the data is modulates ... switch on - The cartridge are loaded by the operator so as to provide the data currently needed for the job in hand - Bach tracks is devided up into sectors(often or 8), sectors are read or written...
... output) with human-readable sensitivity labels that properly* represent the overall sensitivity of the output or that properly* represent the sensitivity of the information on the page The TCB ... output) with human-readable sensitivity labels that properly* represent the overall sensitivity of the output or that properly* represent the sensitivity of the information on the page The TCB ... output) with humanreadable sensitivity labels that properly* represent the overall sensitivity of the output or that properly* represent the sensitivity of the information on the page The TCB...
... subset of the ballots and comparing the totals to the reported totals Each of these phases represents some risk to the election process and therefore is a candidate for mitigation The remainder ... ballotbased auditing might be suitable as a means for election officials to augment the sensitivity of per-precinct auditing, it is not yet suitable asthe sole audit mechanism We consider it an important ... problems worse For these reasons, we believe more research would be needed before per-ballot auditing for DREs is suitable for use with public elections Spoiled VVPAT records One of the primary shortcomings...
... exist for the computer's use, to help it manage its own tasks and devices • Other programs exist for the user, and enable the computer to perform tasks for you, such as creating documents The Parts ... Memory • Memory also consists of chips attached to the motherboard • Memory holds data and program instructions asthe CPU works with them This memory is called Random Access Memory (RAM) • The ... is Measured • The smallest usable unit of measure for memory is the byte – the amount of memory required to hold one character, like the letter A orthe numeral • Computers work with larger chunks...
... publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited ... though they can be broken down into AND, OR, and NOT functions These are not AND (NAND), not OR (NOR), exclusive OR (XOR), and exclusive–NOR (XNOR) Table 1.3 presents the logical definitions of these ... termed the least-significant bit, or LSB, andthe bit that represents the highest power of two in the group is called the most-significant bit, or MSB A four-bit quantity would have the MSB represent...
... one base-limit pair The program can access memory betweenthe base andthe limit (b) Use of two base-limit pairs The program code is between Base-1 and Limit-1 whereas the data are between Base-2 ... support mount Win32 does not support mount Change the current working directory Win32 does not support security (although NT does) Win32 does not support signals Get the current time Fig 1-23 The ... User program and data Registers when program is running Limit-2 User-2 data Base-2 Limit-2 Limit User program and data Base Base-2 User-1 data Limit-1 Base-1 User program Limit-1 Base-1 Operating...
... scheduling (a) The list of runnable processes (b) The list of runnable processes after B uses up its quantum B Queue headers Priority Runable processes (Highest priority) Priority Priority Priority (Lowest ... end; end monitor; Fig 2-26 A monitor monitor ProducerConsumer condition full, empty; integer count; procedure insert(item: integer); begin if count = N then wait(full); insert item(item); count ... can never forget what they did here It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced It is rather for us to...
... Max Has Max Has Max Has Max Has Max A A A A A B B 4 B – B – B – C C C C 7 C – Free: (a) Free: (b) Free: (c) Free: (d) Fig 3-9 Demonstration that the state in (a) is safe Free: (e) Has Max Has Max ... Numerically ordered resources (b) A resource graph Condition Mutual exclusion Hold and wait No preemption Circular wait Approach Spool everything Request all resources initially Take resources away Order ... example for the deadlock detection algorithm ;; ;; ; B Printer u (Both processes finished) I8 I7 I6 t Plotter I5 r s A p I1 q I2 I3 I4 Printer Plotter Fig 3-8 Two process resource trajectories Has...
... memory with five processes and three holes The tick marks show the memory allocation units The shaded regions (0 in the bitmap) are free (b) The corresponding bitmap (c) The same information as ... addresses to the MMU CPU Memory management unit Memory Disk controller Bus The MMU sends physical addresses to the memory Fig 4-9 The position and function of the MMU Here the MMU is shown as being ... Arrival and work requirements of four jobs (b) CPU utilization for to jobs with 80 percent I/O wait (c) Sequence of events as jobs arrive and finish The numbers above the horizontal lines show how...
... disk track with a bad sector (b) Substituting a spare for the bad sector (c) Shifting all the sectors to bypass the bad one ECC error Disk Old Disk Old Crash (a) Disk Disk Old Crash (b) New ... Strip 10 Strip 11 Strip Strip Strip 10 Strip 11 Bit (b) Strip Strip (a) Strip Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit RAID level (c) RAID level Bit Bit Bit Bit Parity (d) RAID level Strip Strip Strip Strip Strip ... reads and writes of memory go over this high-bandwidth bus CPU Memory All addresses (memory and I/O) go here (a) I/O CPU Memory I/O This memory port is to allow I/O devices access to memory Bus...
... for system file for has been backed up; for needs to be backed up for ASCII file; for binary file for sequential access only; for random access for normal; for delete file on process exit for ... the file and in what way Password needed to access the file ID of the person who created the file Current owner for read/write; for read only for normal; for not display in listings for normal files; ... for locked Number of bytes in a record Offset of the key within each record Number of bytes in the key field Date and time the file was created Date and time the file was last accessed Date and...
... Rank Fig 7-20 The curve gives Zipf’s law for N = 20 The squares represent the populations of the 20 largest cities in the U.S., sorted on rank order (New York is 1, Los Angeles is 2, Chicago is ... Quantizing the samples to bits Scan line The next field starts here Scan line painted on the screen Time 11 13 15 483 Horizontal retrace Vertical retrace Fig 7-5 The scanning pattern used for NTSC ... devices Note that Mbps is 106 bits/sec but GB is 230 bytes Frame English subtitles Hello, Bob Hello, Alice Nice day Sure is How are you Great Andyou Good Dutch subtitles Dag, Bob Dag, Alice Mooie...
... memory CPU holds the real lock When CPU is finished with the real lock, it releases itand also releases the private lock CPU is spinning on Fig 8-11 Use of multiple locks to avoid cache thrashing ... users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS Runs users and shared OS I/O Memory OS Locks Bus Fig 8-9 The SMP multiprocessor model CPU Word 1000 is initially Memory CPU ... directory-based multiprocessor (b) Division of a 32-bit memory address into fields (c) The directory at node 36 CPU Has private OS CPU Has private OS CPU Has private OS CPU Memory Has private OS Data...
... LOGIN: root PASSWORD: root INCORRECT PASSWORD, TRY AGAIN LOGIN: guest PASSWORD: guest INCORRECT PASSWORD, TRY AGAIN LOGIN: uucp PASSWORD: uucp WELCOME TO THE ELXSI COMPUTER AT LBL Fig 9-5 How a cracker ... printf("password: "); printf("password: "); get string(password); get string(password); enable echoing( ); enable echoing( ); v = check validity(name, password);v = check validity(name, password); ... captured all the interrupt and trap vectors (b) After the operating system has retaken the printer interrupt vector (c) After the virus has noticed the loss of the printer interrupt vector and recaptured...
... line the process was using has been up The user has hit the DEL key to interrupt the process The user has hit the key requesting a core dump Sent to kill a process (cannot be caught or ignored) The ... output Waiting for child to exist User priority User priority User priority User priority Lowest priority Process waiting in kernel mode Process waiting in user mode Process queued on priority level ... share them Copy the file descriptors Copy the table New thread gets own PID Highest priority -4 Waiting for disk I/O -3 Waiting for disk buffer -2 Waiting for terminal input -1 Waiting for terminal...