... blocks that a user may allocate. A separate quota can be set for each user on eachfile system. Resources are given both a hard and a soft limit. When a program exceeds a soft limit, a warn-ing ... data, and possibly a single fragmented block. If a file system block must be fragmented to obtain space for a small amount of data, the remaining fragments of the blockare made available for allocation ... fragment at aa time is that data may be copied many times as a fragmented block expands to a full block. Fragment reallocation can be minimized if the user programwrites a full block at a time,...
... in nature to a data manager which fails to freedata, but is easier to detect and prevent.• Data manager changes data. A malicious data manager may change the value of its data on each cacherefresh. ... modify a page of data at a time. An attempt by a reader to write previously read data causes a memory fault which converts a reader into a writer and invalidates all other page caches. A subsequent ... servers than its kernel.8When a user task requires greater access to cached data than the data manager has permitted (e.g., a write fault on a page made read-only by a pager_data_lock call), the...
... contains all logic data of application. Separating logic data from application into it will make program scalable and higher performance.Most of web applications today use Relational Database Management ... operating system. - Easy to manage, update database: Database is located at dedicated server that managers can maintain and update it easily.- Quick delivery: web-based model make it portable to ... load data from the system because only a part of web page is updated. It does not need to load entire web page.- Access management: each user can access content and use many features that are...
... components and metacontent in one place makes them easier to maintain, track, and find. It also provides a more secure way of storing your data. Having your data localized means you have a smaller area ... personal preferences and navigational habits. Personalization is a major reason why many people return to a Web site. At one time, seeing her name on a Web page was all that was needed for a user ... content management application maintains all aspects of content components, and the metacontent management application maintains the same for metacontent. The content delivery application generates...
... Italso represents an organizational infrastructurethat affects how people work and imposes itsown logic on a company’s strategy, organizationand culture. After organizations accept themanagement ... Venkataramanan M. 2003. Enter-prise resource planning: managing the implementa-tion process. European Journal of Operational Research146: 302–314.Motwni J, Mirchandani D, Madan M, Gunasekaran ... addition, the same question can be askedagain and again and the quality of the answerscan not be guaranteed. Therefore, the organiza-tion can have personnel in charge of monitoringand tracking questions...
... simple and thus cheap, plus of course the fact that most PCs, which are used more andmore in automation systems today, have at least one PS232 (serial) interface as a standard.RS232, however, has ... generally 1 to 2 Mbaud has guaranteed performance, and is generally cheaper. The maximumtransmission time for any network configuration can be calculated. A classic rule for any PLC application ... 3 (a) and (b). Baseband transmissionCOMMUNICATIONPLC COMMUNICATIONS IN A PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM by GR MacKenzie, AEGCommunication has become a major part of any process control automation system. ...
... internal resources, so you are forced to allow all external resources access, or allow none at all. In many cases (for example, a Simple Message Transfer Protocol [SMTP] server), you want all ... important difference. Port triggering does not forward any traffic to an internal host until that internal host has initiated some form of traffic for an external destination. When that occurs, ... mechanism automatically allows traffic to be forwarded to the host that initiated the trigger condition. Port triggering is used primarily to support applications that attempt to communicate...
... traditional NAT. • Dynamic translation An external address (or address pool) is assigned to an internal address range (or ranges) and an address from that pool is dynamically assigned on a first-come, ... corresponding ACL. Apply AAA for Through Traffic Certain types of traffic, in particular HTTP traffic, can also require authentication and authorization of the user attempting to initiate this traffic. ... an ACL. The PIX uses two types of translation: • Static translation An external address is assigned on a 1:1 basis to an internal address. This is commonly referred to as traditional NAT....
... people, annually, fifty cents each, on an average, in interest! and also continue to pay, annually, twodollars and a half for each person, on an average, of the principal, of the national debt!CHAPTER ... that could not be exported; that would always behere; that would always have a value as fixed and well known as that of specie; that would always be manytimes more abundant than specie can ... Replacement orCHAPTER IX. 43All this capital can be brought into use as fast as the titles to real estate can be ascertained, and the necessarypapers be printed.Legally, the system (as the author...
... massive and remote datasets.Panache supports a POSIX interface and employs a fullyparallelizable design, enabling application s to saturateavailable network and compute hardware. Panache canalso ... Panache was to maskthe WAN latencies by ensuring applications see thecache cluster’s performance on all data writes and meta-data updates. Towards that end, all data writes and meta-data ... to queue and flush metadataoperations on th e gateway nodes. Finally, we run a par-allel visualization application and a Hadoop applicationto analyze Panache with an HPC access p attern.7.1...
... INTERSPEECH, pages 268–271.C. Hori, K. Ohtake, T. Misu, H. Kashioka, and S. Naka-mura. 2009b. Statistical dialog management appliedto wfst-based dialog systems. In Proc. IEEE Inter-national Conference ... infor-mation data set harvested from the databases avail-able on the web, e.g., Wikipedia and Google Map. A- data consists of 1, 603 sentences with 317 wordtypes. The second type of data, called ... utterance, Htis the dialoguehistorical information, and Ω = {A 1, . . . , A q} is theset of DAs. Using the maximum approximation forsummation, (1) can be written as A ∗t= arg max A ΩWP...
... confirms a slot value. Here weassume that it can be easily hand-crafted.Formally, given a set of dialog transcripts X , ourgoal is find a set of parameters θ∗that maximizes the˜ A tGFED@ABC A tGFED@ABCUtONMLHIJKUt+1StSt+1OOOO??OO!!DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD((QQQQQQQQQQQQ//OOFigure ... θ be the maximum likelihoodestimate using automatically transcribed data,i.e., θasu=eKDasP a eKDas. This approach ignorestranscription errors and assumes that user be-havior depends ... ResearchFlorham Park, NJ 07932, USAjdw@research.att.comAbstractWe use an EM algorithm to learn user mod-els in a spoken dialog system. Our methodrequires automatically transcribed (with ASR)dialog...