host defenses against viral infection and viral counterdefenses
Báo cáo y học: " Improved vaccine protection against retrovirus infection after co-administration of adenoviral vectors encoding viral antigens and type I interferon subtypes" ppsx
... IFNs have been elucidated in detail, and IFN combination therapy is the standard of care in some viral infections like chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection [10,11], their potential ... # Figure Viral loads after FV challenge infection of vaccinated mice CB6F1 mice were prime- and boost-immunized with Ad5 and Ad5F35 based vectors, respectively, encoding F-MuLV Env and Gag with ... isolate BH10 that was described before [52] and was constructed using the AdEasy system and vectors pShuttle-CMV and pAdEasy-1 The adenoviral vectors Ad5.Luc and Ad5F35.Luc encoding firefly luciferase...
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Roles of siRNAs and miRNAs in host responses to virus infection identification and characterization of a novel viral suppressor of RNA silencing
... transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) (Bahramian and Zarbl, 1999; Cogoni and Macino, 1999; Vaucheret and Fagard, 2001) Both TGS and PTGS are nucleotide sequence ... coevolution of defense and counterdefense between the host and the invading viruses (Voinnet et al., 1999) 14 Nuclear IR-RNA Methylation in transcribed region PTGS Viral RNA Viral RdRP AtRdRP1? ... vaccinia and influenza viral suppressors, E3L and NS1, are distinct dsRNA-binding proteins and essential for pathogenesis by inhibiting the mammalian interferon-regulated 23 innate antiviral response...
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Báo cáo y học: " Peptides derived from the HIV-1 integrase promote HIV-1 infection and multi-integration of viral cDNA in LEDGF/p75-knockdown cells" doc
... unspliced and partially spliced viral RNA molecules [15] The way by which the interplay between the LEDGF/ p75 and Rev proteins regulates integration of the viral Figure Stimulation of p24 and virus ... Productive virus infection is greatly stimulated by the INS and INr peptides in LEDGF/p75-knockdown cells The INS and INr peptides were also able to support high productive virus infection in LEDGF/p75-knockdown ... view that integration, and consequently infection, in LEDGF/p75-knockdown cells, is blocked by the inhibitory Rev Infection by the ΔRev HIV-1 does not lead to productive infection due to the absence...
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Báo cáo y học: " First Dominique Dormont international conference on "Host-pathogen interactions in chronic infections – viral and host determinants of HCV, HCMV, and HIV infections" pdf
... the topic of the first conference was "Viral and Host Determinants of HCV, HCMV and HIV Infections", considering the pathogenesis of these chronic viral infections as a priority topic for the ... interactions between host and viral proteins Session 4: Viral infection and innate immunity Chairs: C Soderberg-Naucler & L Zitvogel; Keynote Lecture: "Immunopathology of prion infection" by A Aguzzi ... structural and functional changes favoring viral entry and replication, and may affect the trafficking and functional responses of unstimulated CD4+ T cells The interactions between CD4 and CCR5...
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Host viral interactions host factors in coronavirus replication and coronaviral strategies of immune evasion
... FOUR: HOST- VIRUS INTERACTION (II): CHARACTERISATION OF HOST ANTIVIRAL MECHANISMS AGAINST CORONAVIRUS INFECTION AND CORONAVIRAL STRATEGIES OF IMMUNE EVASION 4.1 CHARACTERIZATION OF HOST ANTIVIRAL ... domains such as the 5’- and 3’ UTR, and TRS of leader (TRS-L) and each ORF (TRS-B), and this is mediated by protein-RNA and protein-protein interactions comprising of both viral and cellular proteins ... Autophagy, ERAD and early secretory pathway in DMV biogenesis……….36 1.2.2.4 Apoptosis and coronavirus infection …………………………………… 39 1.3 HOST- VIRAL INTERACTIONS (II): CORONAVIRUS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE...
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Discovery of safe anti dengue virus drugs from libraries of FDA approved drugs and plants through screening against viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase activity
... upon secondary infections, as well as a longer time interval between primary and secondary infections (Anderson et al., 2013; Seet et al., 2005) 1.1.3.2 Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock ... 17 1.3.2 Translation and further processing After the single-stranded, positive-sense viral genomic RNA is released into the cytoplasm, the 5’UTR directs the RNA strand to host ribosomes for translation ... then co- and posttranslationally processed by a combination of both viral and host proteases (Figure 1.4) The NS2B3 serine protease is responsible for NS2A/NS2B, NS2B/NS3, NS3/NS4A and NS4B/NS5...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Efficacy of strain RB51 vaccine in protecting infection and vertical transmission against Brucella abortus in Sprague-Dawley rats" pot
... negative for Brucella infection and seronegative for B abortus antibodies, prior to the experimental infection, ascertained by routine bacteriological and serological tests Vaccination and challenge ... intervention measures against congenital brucellosis in wild and domesticated animals prompted us to evaluate the RB51 vaccine on the protection of infection and vertical transmission against B abortus ... rats against Brucella infection and proteced 87.50% of offspring against the vertical transmission of B abortus Some studies have reported that RB51 vaccine protected 87% of inoculated heifers against...
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báo cáo khoa học: " The influence of genomics and proteomics on the development of potential vaccines against meningococcal infection" pps
... development of effective vaccines against serogroup B meningococcal infection [28] Previous studies with both PorA and PorB produced as recombinant proteins and refolded into liposomes have demonstrated ... immunity and in the elucidation of their role in pathogenesis of meningococcal infection Hopefully, these approaches will bear fruit in the search for an effective vaccine against a devastating infection ... only against the homologous colonizing strain but also against heterologous strains Paired sera from colonized individuals were analyzed by immuno proteomic analysis using both homologous and...
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Báo cáo y học: "Low pH gel intranasal sprays inactivate influenza viruses in vitro and protect ferrets against influenza infection" doc
... administration of a pH 3.5 buffered nasal spray [12] Infection by enveloped viruses involves fusion of viral and host cell membranes as a prelude to transfer of viral genetic material into the cell [13] ... infection by these routes are not known Hand transmission is believed to play an important role in influenza infection [20], and since the point of entry for the hand route is self-inoculation of the ... 0.009 and 0.097 respectively) The group with a pre -infection PAPC treatment regime showed a similar weight loss Figure tion test2versus pH 3.5 A buffered Influenza titres exposure in aphosphate and...
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Báo cáo y học: "Epithelial antimicrobial peptides in host defense against infection" docx
... (SLPI), and antimicrobial peptides Other substances, such as complement, surfactant proteins, and Clara-cell protein (CC10, CCSP), contribute to the host defense [3] Mucus secreted by mucous gland and ... microorganisms and initiate a host defense reaction [1,2•] Homology studies of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding receptors and signal transduction cascades between insects and mammals (Toll and Tolllike ... tract, the innate defense system of the host is complemented by several other mechanisms to protect the airways and the lung parenchyma from colonization and infection (Fig 1) Components of the airway...
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Báo cáo y học: "Host factors influencing susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS progression" ppsx
... to HIV infection, cytokines can be grouped into HIV-inducing (TNF- α, TNF-β, IL-1, and IL-6), and HIV-suppressive (IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-16) IFN-gamma and IL-4 display both stimulatory and anti-HIV ... alpha-, beta-, and theta defensins, and differ in their size and distribution of disulfide bridges [135] Alpha and β-defensins are peptides typically composed of 30–45 residues, and both display ... directed against the viral envelope and IL-18 in HIV-1 disease progression has been amply documented, as have IFN- α, IFN-β, TNF-α, and TNF-β In HIV-1, specific signal sequences in the cytoplasmic and...
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Báo cáo y học: No associations of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric atrophy with plasma total homocysteine in Japanes
... concentrations of 101 serum folate and tHcy were found between the positives and the negatives of H pylori infection and gastric atrophy according to the genotypes of MTHFR and TS in any subgroups defined ... collected for measurement of plasma tHcy and serum folate We defined tHcy levels of 12 nmol/ml and more as hyperhomocysteinemia, and folate levels of mg/dl and lower as lower serum folate based ... GCG GGA GT-3’, and R2: 5’-CAT GTC GGT GCA TGC CTT-3’ The amplified DNA fragments were 128-base pairs (bp) for the C allele, 93-bp for the T allele, and 183-bp for common band The tandem repeat...
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Báo cáo y học: "Grb2-associated binder 1 polymorphism was associated with the risk of Helicobactor pylori infection and gastric atrophy"
... cases and controls with seropositive atrophy The ORs of the G/A and A/A for gastric cancer was 1.05 (95% CI 0.63-1.74) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.27-4.07), respectively Table The Gab1 genotype frequency and ... eventually led to loss of the infection due to sever gastric atrophy Because, in our study, gastric atrophy and H pylori infection were based on serological diagnosis and the diagnosis happened ... cytokine and growth factor receptors and T- and B-cell antigen receptors Blood 1999; 93: 1809-1816 23 Hamajima N, Matsuo K, Saito T, et al Interleukin polymorphisms, lifestyle factors, and Helicobacter...
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Báo cáo y học: "Management of HCV Infection and Liver Transplantation"
... status, their increased susceptibility to infection and rejection, and the presence of anemia and renal dysfunction that lessen the tolerability of interferon and ribavirin [1,4,5,20,21] It is for ... levels before and after transplant, early histological recurrence of HCV, concomitant cytomegaloviral infection, the use of T lymphocyte-depleting immunosuppressive agents such as OKT3, and treatment ... chemistry tests is broad and includes acute cellular or chronic ductopenic rejection, bacterial or viral (CMV most frequently) infection, drug hepatotoxicity, ischemia or viral hepatitis Approximately...
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Báo cáo y học: "Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and Hepatic Steatosis"
... hepatitis C virus genotypes and infections J Viral Hepat 2004;11:455-8 25 Patton HM, Patel K, Behling C, et al The impact of steatosis on disease progression and early and sustained treatment response ... hepatitis and obesity: An autopsy study and analysis of risk factors Hepatology 1990; 12:1106 13 Clouston AD, Jonsson JR, Purdie DM, Macdonald GA, Pandeya N, Shorthouse C, et al Steatosis and chronic ... that there is an association between HCV and steatosis and the mechanisms behind this relationship are currently being unravelled In order to fully understand the intricate molecular processes involved...
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Báo cáo y học: "Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of HBV Infection and Drug Resistance"
... United States, and Central Africa; B and C predominate in Asia; D is associated with southern Europe, the Middle East, and India; E is uniquely African; and F is found in Central and South America ... antiviral therapy Not yet recommended for routine evaluation Can help assess ongoing disease activity in chronic infections Not well standardized Can indicate and confirm emergence of antiviral ... two years, and increasing further to over 50% and 70% after years three and four, respectively [13] Increasing the drug dosage does not appear to substantially affect the rate at which viral resistance...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Kinetic characterization of methionine c-lyases from the enteric protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica against physiological substrates and trifluoromethionine, a promising lead compound against amoebiasis ppt
... l-Met and homocysteine (Hcy), and a,b-elimination and b-replacement of l-Cys and S-substituted analogs, and produces ammonia, a-keto acids, and volatile thiols such as hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol ... and En histolytica [13] (Kobayashi and Nozaki, unpublished data) TFM affected the growth of En histolytica and T vaginalis trophozoites at micromolar levels in vitro [13,26], and also cured infections ... mouse and hamster models [26] (Kobayashi and Nozaki, unpublished results) The limited presence of MGL among organisms, and the remarkable differences in the toxicity of TFM against amoeba and mammalian...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Cotton GhMPK2 is involved in multiple signaling pathways and mediates defense responses to pathogen infection and oxidative stress doc
... processes and have unique biological functions Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the oldest and most important fiber and oil crops Its growth and yield are severely inhibited under various biotic and ... al A B C Fig Enhanced viral resistance against TMV and CMV in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing GhMPK2 (A) Leaf and root symptoms of tobacco plants infected with TMV and CMV at 14 days postinoculation ... healthy and fully expanded tobacco leaves of wild-type and transgenic plants at the same age The disks were floated in solutions of various concentrations of MV (0, and 10 lm) for 72 h, and then...
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Risk Factors Affecting the Development of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Household Contacts of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis pptx
... pulmonary TB living in Switzerland [16] They divided the contact persons into groups The first group consisted of close family and friends, the second of classmates and teachers and the third of more ... cavity and positive sputum smear constitute great risk for TB infection and disease in household contacts Close follow up of household contacts of such patients for tuberculosis is essential and ... contacts to be infected and become ill APRIL 2008 • VOLUME • ISSUE TURKISH RESPIRATORY JOURNAL Talay F et al Risk Factors Affecting the Development of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease in Household...
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báo cáo sinh học:" Thirty years after Alma-Ata: a systematic review of the impact of community health workers delivering curative interventions against malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea on child mortality and morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa" docx
... Definitions and inclusion criteria Study Design Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled before and after (CBA), uncontrolled before and after, interrupted time series, and cohort and case ... research topic and formulated the methods with advice from DR and SL The data were extracted by JC and AL JC wrote the first draft of the paper, and all authors contributed to the analysis and interpretation ... of Farafenni, North Division Menon and colleagues [24] and Greenwood and colleagues [26] studied CHWs delivering identical services in the same population and differing only with regard to when...
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