... validation of biochemical and physiological bio-markers in representative estuarine species; and (iii) recommendations for a compre-hensive methodology to assess the health status ofestuarine ecosystems. ... Assessment ofEstuarine Ecosystems: A Case StudyDeloffre, J. et al. 2006. Interactions between intertidal mudat and turbidity maximum in macrotidal estuarine context. Mar. Geol. 235: 151–164.Deloffre, ... framework of the National Program of Ecotoxicology (PNETOX) under the jurisdiction of the French Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development, sediments as key compartments for the assessment of...
... International Business and is a professor of business economics at the University of Toronto’s Rotman School of Management.brian r. golden is the Sandra RotmanChaired Professor ofHealth Sector Strat-egy ... World Health OrganizationNow at phase 3Companiesshould developrisk mitigationplans.The health care system erects an array of barriers to each of these valuabletypes of innovation. More often ... School of Managementand the University Health Network at theUniversity of Toronto; he is also the director of the Rotman Centre for Health SectorStrategy. Reprint F0605Aa settlement of $1.7...
... “Synthesis of Available Urban Slum Child Health Data”: summary of evidence of health status and main determinants of urban child health and a description of key characteristics of the health and ... 2 Overview of Activity Report 3 Discussion of the Nature of Existing Urban Health Data 4 2. Child Health Status and Determinants in Three Cities 7 India and Ahmedabad 7 Child Health Status ... Philippines Department ofHealth is that IMRs in Manila’s slums are triple those of nonslum areas. There is also evidence of a high 38Fact Sheet on the Quality of Life of Urban Poor Communities,...
... the healthof women through the establishment of Offices of Women’s Health within the Department of Health and Human Services. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-1tives of ... 18Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a Fed-19eral office of women’s health (including the Office of Re-20search on Women’s Healthof the National Institutes of 21 Health) or Federal appointive ... H. R. 1072 To improve the healthof women through the establishment of Offices of Women’s Health within the Department ofHealth and Human Services. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FEBRUARY15,...
... Counselling services sensitive to the range of needs of HIV-positive women. Improved quality of counselling came up quite often as a need in a range of contexts: preserving privacy and confidentiality, ... women. A moderator posed the issue of provider fears of infection, along with the comments of a health care worker explaining how this arises: ‘One complaint often voiced by people living with ... Ukraine. iii) Summary of Main Issues Raised The overarching issue - at the root of barriers to care, lack of services and low quality of existing care - was the high degree of stigma and discrimination...
... No. of cases of chlamydia 1,238 23,665 35,155 93,035 No. of cases of gonorrhea 675 11,242 18,877 49,304 No. of cases of syphilis (primary and secondary) 2 94 238 1,083STDs** Prevalence of ... population of cases of chlamydia§§§§1,374.9 8,858.1 4,672.9 729.3 2,845.8 Rate per 100,000 population of cases of gonorrhea 208.3 2,829.6 548.9 98.7 319.2 Rate per 100,000 population of cases of ... implemented the 2003 Revision of the U.S. Standard Certicate of Live Birth as of Janu-ary 2006. Data are based on the 1989 Revision of the U.S. Standard Certicate of Live Birth and are not comparable...
... Health, United States, 2004 with Chartbook on Trends in the Healthof Americans. Hyattsville, MD. 2004. Page 38 [ Series 23, No. 25 Table 3. Number of women 22–44 years of age, number of ... numbers of pregnancies and education is also seen with number of children ever born (parity): 47 percent of college graduates 22–44 years of age were childless (nulliparous) at the date of interview ... to the fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women 15–44 years of age, based on Cycle 6 of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted in 2002. The Centers...
... manner; f. Prevent discriminatory denial ofhealth care or health services or food and fluids on the basis of disability.The World Health Organization World Health Assembly Resolution (WHA) (WHA58.23) ... manner; f. Prevent discriminatory denial ofhealth care or health services or food and fluids on the basis of disability.The World Health Organization World Health Assembly Resolution (WHA) (WHA58.23) ... and standard of free or affordable health care and programmes as provided to other persons, including in the area of sexual and reproductive health and population-based public health programmes”...
... de-gree of authority, and that was by enquiring into theafter healthof some one of the various orders of athleteswho have in early life devoted a large portion of theirtime to the development of ... UniversityMatches came off, in which 32 crews competed. In thecase of each of these crews I have calculated the pro-bable duration of life of the different Oarsmen of whomthey were composed: ... of each Race and a list of theOarsmen who took part therein, I have considered thelife-expectation of the united Crews (16 men in all), andsummarized the effects of Rowing on their after health. This...
... The healthof oureducatorsxviExecutivesummaryxviiTheDoEinthevariousprovincesassignedco-ordinatorswhoensuredthatschoolswereinformedaboutthestudy.Thedistrictofficers of theDoEandlabourunionsassistedtheHSRCco-ordinators,whoconsisted of MAandPhdresearchinterns,inmakingappointmentsatschoolsand/oraccompanyingco-ordinatorstoschoolstoaddresseducators.Officialsfromlabourunionshelpedwithadvocacyforthestudyandthenature of thestudy,whichincreasedparticipation.Thefieldteamsweresupportedbyanationalfieldmanager,andaseparateprojectmanagerwhotrackedprogress of thestudy.Visitingtimestoschoolswereadaptedtominimisepossibledisruption of teachingtime.FindingsDemographicandsocio-economiccharacteristics of theELRCstudysampleThedemographicandsocio-economicprofileanalysis of educatorsinthesamplerevealedthat68% of thesample of educatorsconsisted of females.Themajority of theeducatorsweremarried.Overthree-quarters of thesamplewereAfricans(77%)whilelessthan5% of thesamplewereAsians,whichisareflection of thedemographiccharacteristics of SouthAfrica.Self-reportedsocio-economicstatusandincomedistributionsuggestthateducatorsweregenerallywellqualified,withafirstdegreeorhigher,andhadmanyyears of teachingexperience,with70% of educatorsteachingforatleasttenyearsorlonger.About94% of educatorsreportedthattheDoEemployedthemwiththerest(6%)beingSchoolGoverningBody(SGB)appointments.Only27% of educatorsinthesamplesaidtheyhadahousingsubsidyand67.8% of theeducatorsreportedtheyweremembers of amedicalaidfund.Themajority of educators(89%)weremembers of atradeunion.Thereweredisparitiesinsome of thedemographicandsocio-economicprofiles of educatorsbyraceandprovince.ThefindingsshowedthattherewereproportionatelymorefemaleandmaleAfricaneducatorsinthelow-incomecategorycomparedwitheducatorsinotherracegroups.Ontheotherhandtherewereproportionatelylessmalewhiteeducatorsinthemedium-incomecategorythanmaleeducatorsinotherracegroups.Prevalence of HIVTheresultsshowedthat12.7% of educatorswhogaveaspecimenforHIVtestingwereHIVpositive.Thispercentageincludeseducatorsinallprovinces,andeducators of allages,sexandracialgroups.Inthisstudy,withoutconsideringageandracedifferences,theHIVprevalencewasthesameforthemaleandfemaleeducators.TheresultsinthisstudyshowedthatHIVprevalenceamongeducatorswashighestforthoseaged25–34years(21.4%)followedbythoseaged35–44(12.8%).Oldereducators(55yearsandolder)hadthelowestHIVprevalence(3.1%).However,differenceswereobservedwhentheanalysiswasrestrictedtowomenandmenaged25–34years,withwomenhavinghigherHIVprevalence.WomenweregenerallymorevulnerabletoHIVinfectionbecause of theirbiologicalmakeupaswellastheirlowsocio-economicstatus. ... 23SouthAfricahasthelargestnumber of peoplelivingwithHIVAIDSintheworld:14.4% of allpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSliveinSouthAfrica.The5.6millionSouthAfricanslivingwithHIV/AIDS(DoH2004)aremostlyintheeconomically-activeagegroup.HIVprevalenceishighestamongthoseaged15–49years;howevertherearemajordifferencesformalesandfemales.AmongSouthAfricanwomenaged25–39,theestimatedHIVprevalencein2002was17.7%,muchhigherthanamongmales(12.8%)(NelsonMandela/HSRCStudy of HIV/AIDS2002).Studieshavebeenconductedtoexaminetheimpact of HIV/AIDSonvarioussectors of theeconomy,includingthemining(Evian,Fox,MacLeod,Slotow&Rosen2004),manufacturing, health (Shisana,Hall,Maluleke,Chauveau&Schwabe2004)andeducationsectors(Badcock-Walters,Desmond,Wilson,Heard&MobileTaskTeam2003).Thefindingsgenerallyindicatethattheepidemicisaffectingtheeconomicsectorsdifferently(Evianetal.2004).HIV/AIDSappearstoaffecttheminingandmetalprocessingsectormorethanitdoesotherindustrialsectors,mainlybecause of themigratorylaboursystemthatforcesmentoliveawayfromtheirfamilies.Theeffectivenessandfunctioning of thepublicsectorisalsoincreasinglythreatenedbytheHIVepidemic.Thediseaseundermineshumancapitalandlimitsrevenuesavailabletofinancedevelopmentwhilegeneratingincreaseddemandforpublicservices. Health sectorstudiesshowthatthenumber of peopleseekinghealthcareforHIV/AIDS-relatedillnesshasbeenincreasing,whiletheserviceproviders–- health professionals–areinshortsupplyandarealsoinfectedanddying.StudiesinZambiafoundthatthedeathrateamong health workersduetoAIDSquadrupledbetween1986and1999toreach3%peryear;Botswanaisexpectedtohavelost17% of its health workforcebetween1999and2005(ILO2004).ASouthAfrican health sectorstudyalsofoundthat15.6% of thetested health professionalswereHIVpositive.Furthermore,80% ofhealth facilitiesindicatedthattheyneededmorestafftocopewiththedisease(Shisanaetal.2003).Thehighmortality of patientswithHIV-relateddiseasecanunderminefeelings of professionaladequacy.TheeducationsectoristhoughttobeparticularlyhardhitbyHIV/AIDSbecauseboththedemandforandsupply of educationareaffected.Notonlydochildrendropout of schoolbecause of HIV/AIDS,thusreducingdemandforeducators,buteducators,schoolmanagersandeducationpolicy-makersarethemselvesdying of AIDS,thusreducingsupply.Educationiscrucialtothecreationandenhancement of humancapital,whichisessentialforsustainabledevelopment.Despitethedearth of empirically-basedstudiesontheimpact of HIV/AIDSontheeducationsector,afewstudiessuggestthattheimpactmaybesignificant.ItisestimatedthattheeducationsectorwillexperiencehighmorbidityandmortalityduetoHIV/AIDSandconsequentlytheattrition of educators.InEastandSouthernAfrica,wheretheHIV/AIDSepidemichasbeenprevalentforlonger,theimpact of HIV/AIDSontheeducationsectorisevident.AZambianstudyshowedthateducatormortalitywas39per1000,afigureconsidered70%higherthanthatfortheadultpopulationaged15–49years.TheWorldBankprojectedthat40% of Malawianeducationpersonnelworkinginurbanareaswoulddie of AIDSby2005;100Tanzanianprimaryschooleducatorsdie of AIDSeachmonthandestimatesarethatby2006,45000trainededucatorswillbeneededtomakeupforthoselosttoAIDS,whileinBotswanadeathratesfromAIDSincreasedfrom0.7per1000in1994to7.1per1000in1999(ILO2004).1.Introduction ... The healthof oureducatorsxxiThelist of authorsispresentedalphabeticallybylastname.Theorderdoesnotdenoteextent of contribution,butismerelyforease of identification of contributors.MarkColvin,MBChB,MSEpidemiologist,MedicalResearchCouncilDurban(SouthAfrica)CathyConnolly,MPH(Biostatistics)Statistician,MedicalResearchCouncilDurban(SouthAfrica)AdlaiDavids,MSc(GIS)ChiefGISSpecialist,HumanSciencesResearchCouncilSurveys,Analyses,ModellingandMappingPretoria(SouthAfrica)ShantinieFrancis,MEnvMgtJuniorResearcher,HumanSciencesResearchCouncilUrbanRenewalandDevelopmentUnit,Durban(SouthAfrica)NomvoHenda,MPhilPhDIntern,HumanSciencesResearchCouncilSocialAspects of HIV/AIDSand Health CapeTown(SouthAfrica)LebogangLetlape,MSc(Ed)ChiefResearcher,HumanScienceResearchCouncilSocialAspects of HIV/AIDSand Health Pretoria(SouthAfrica)JuliaLouw,MAResearcher,HumanScienceResearchCouncilSocialAspects of HIV/AIDSand Health CapeTown(SouthAfrica)BrutusMalada,MEdResearchIntern,HumanSciencesResearchCouncilAssessmentTechnologyandEducationEvaluationPretoria(SouthAfrica)NtombizodwaMbelle,MA(ELT),MPHResearchProjectManager,HumanSciencesResearchCouncilSocialAspects of HIV/AIDSand Health Pretoria(SouthAfrica)NkululekoNkomo,BAHonsMaster’sIntern,HumanSciencesResearchCouncilSocialAspects of HIV/AIDSand Health Pretoria(SouthAfrica)List of contributors...
... is Professor of Ecology in the School of Biological andChemical Sciences at Queen Mary, University of London.DAVID G. RAFFAELLI is Professor of Environmental Science at the University of York.RONNI ... roles of different kinds of organisms in the fluxand storage of elements in ecosystems. The total biomass per unit area, W,issimply the sum ofthe body mass of all individuals. For organisms ofsimilar ... emphasizingmarine and freshwater ecosystems particularly apt. Here, the importance of bodysize is examined at a range of scales, yielding broad perspectives that will be of interest to professional ecologists,...
... Muliyil, professor and current head of theCommunity Health Department; Abraham Joseph, professor and former head of Community Health Department; K.R. John, professor of Community Health, for ... percent of all referrals) were referred from the health education sessions.Pre-post analysis of the change in reproductive health awareness showed that those who attended four of the seven health education ... rates of child marriage and early childbearing. India has one of thehighest rates of child marriage in the world, a practice that often results in reproductive health problems for girls becauseof...
... clearly signs of depression and having several of these symptoms is obviously a sign of bad mental health. On its homepage, The National Institute of Mental Health lists ten symptoms, all of which ... that the number of children does not play an important role for the mental healthof elderly (Table A1). The local proximity of children had no effect on the mental healthof their parents. ... DETERMINANTS OF MENTAL HEALTH Research on mental health is very extensive. There is even an online open access journal in the field of clinical and epidemiological research on mental health, namely...
... CityDepartment of City Planning. Air Pollution and the Healthof New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and Ozone I 1435 I Air Pollution and the Healthof New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles ... the Healthof New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and OzoneOverall, older adults (65 years of age and older) havemuch higher rates of respiratory hospitalizationsand account for 67% of ... PM2.5emissions will often reduce emissions of other harmful pollutants. Studies on concentrations of individual29 I Air Pollution and the Healthof New Yorkers: The Impact of Fine Particles and...