... further strengthen health leadership and management in low- incomecountries Although the specific focus was on low- income countries, the consultation concluded that the framework and many of the ... vital for raising the profile of leadership and management strengthening, and for making the case for investing in such activities The diagram below illustrates how the inputs, processes and outputs ... management This includes: o supporting countries, with a focus on low- income countries, in using the framework and documenting how leadership and management strengthening contributes to improving service...
... Fellows during the Fellowship Partner Organizations review Fellowship candidates for a defined assignment, and select a Fellow from the candidate pool Fellows receive pre-departure training and ... selection, training, and matching of Fellows to Organizations Other problems generally contributing to the lack of success in achieving Fellowship goals included: ▪ The Fellow did not have the skill ... about reasons for approving the Fellowship, preparation, how work was covered inthe Fellow's absence, andthe impact of the program on the Fellow, the Pfizer workgroup, andthe company Partner Organization...
... cadres, has been occurring for decades in both high -income countries (e.g inthe USA, see Hooker) and low- income countries, but is seen by some as becoming more urgent in low- incomecountries because ... literature, focusing on task shifting in lowincome countries Task shifting is defined as delegating tasks to existing or new cadres with either less training or narrowly tailored training Dovlo describes ... participated inthe acquisition and interpretation of the studies and drafting the manuscript EA, AS, and MV participated inthe study concept and design, and drafting the manuscript All authors read and...
... in living with the disease, in how the disease changes their lives andin gaining some control over the course of their illness They know how to interpret physical signs andthe reaction of their ... around 50% of the total disease burden in 23 selected lowand middle incomecountriesand showed that the age-standardised death rates for chronic diseases were higher than in high incomecountries ... technology The use of mobile phones is rapidly expanding, especially inthe developing world [84,85] The potential of the use of mobile phones and other information and communication technologies in...
... potential benefit The objective of this study is therefore to estimate the life years gained with early and late treatment strategies inlowincomecountriesInthe absence of randomized clinical trials, ... [39] and Malawi [14] and one multicentre study from several lowincomecountries (ART LINC) [9] The number of patients included in our pooled-analysis is 35 047 The principal outcome measure inthe ... applying lowand high mortality rates and ages inthe Markov model High andlow mortality rates inthe sensitivity analyses are based on upper and lower values of the 95% weighted confidence intervals...
... that met inclusion criteria Families were then approached inthe clinic before seeing their doctor and invited to enroll inthe study After enrolling, children and proxies were asked to independently ... years old and parents of children over years old People with lowincomeandlow literacy need help to complete the instrument Steps to expand the use of the Argentinean Spanish PedsQL™ 4.0 include ... Cardiopathies 6Poverty line is calculated according to total income, and number and age of people inthe household, as per National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC) guidelines ical and psychosocial...
... examines the role of the Fund in poverty reduction in low- incomecountriesand discusses some of the key issues inthe Fund’s review of its role in low- incomecountriesThe issues she reviews include: ... Helping the Poor: The IMF and Low- IncomeCountries A special thanks goes to Ernst van Koesveld at the Dutch Ministry of Finance, who assisted inthe organising of the conference inThe Hague, and ... at the International Economics and Financial Institutions Division at the Dutch Ministry of Finance She concerns herself primarily with the role of the IMF andtheWorld Bank in low- income countries...
... The Bank should set out the basis on which these assessments are to be conducted, in particular the ratings andthe inputs expected from andthe involvement of national staff inthe process There ... stock Given the importance of DSAs for each lowincome country inthe application of the DSF and borrowing from the IMF, it is necessary that these be conducted in a collaborative and transparent ... reduce the accumulation of future debts of lowincomecountries to unsustainable levels While the HIPC Initiative used a single indicator, that is the ratio of debt to exports to judge sustainability...
... discussed by the Boards of theWorld Bank and IMF in February and March 2004 and by the Development Committee in April Following these discussions and endorsement of the general principles of the framework, ... allocations (including the CPIA on which it is based) andthe grant component, andthe implications for the future financing of IDA The concluding section will highlight weaknesses inthe proposed ... implications for the volume and type of financial flows to many developing countries This paper is intended to assist thecountries of the G24 to better understand the proposed DSF and assess its...
... of the CPIA index ranked in ascending order The CPIA for each country as described below will be the average ranking of all the indicators intheindex marked from a low of to a high of Accordingly, ... reiterate that the principal objective of the framework is to assist low- incomecountries maintain sustainable debt levels and reduce the risk to IDA of debt problems inthecountriesin which IDA ... the composite debt stock indicator andthe debt service ratio are the two indicators used inthe DSF to assess debt distress of thelowincomecountriesThe second step is to assess how the indicators...
... quintile by about one-third When examining the possibility of changing the weight of governance inthe ICP rating, it is necessary to balance the need to maintain the link between performance and ... year volatility inthe country allocations resulting from changes inthe governance ratings and increasing the transparency of the role of governance inthe PBA system Per capita income is used ... determine whether aid can promote policy change and institutional reform and whether these in fact can promote economic growth As stated, theWorld Bank allocates funds for low- income countries...
... Grants The starting point for the allocation of grants is the system in place for allocating IDA funds based on the PBA system that was described inthe previous section This ensures the link with ... again raises equity concerns that it is intended to address Financing of Grants Grant financing during IDA 14 will compromise the future viability of IDA as credit reflows are financing an increasing ... the financing issues for grants that is yet under discussion and will be described inthe next section No reason is provided for fixing the upfront charge at 20 percent Fixing the charge at the...
... Grants The starting point for the allocation of grants is the system in place for allocating IDA funds based on the PBA system that was described inthe previous section This ensures the link with ... again raises equity concerns that it is intended to address Financing of Grants Grant financing during IDA 14 will compromise the future viability of IDA as credit reflows are financing an increasing ... the financing issues for grants that is yet under discussion and will be described inthe next section No reason is provided for fixing the upfront charge at 20 percent Fixing the charge at the...
... made inthe DSF of IMF lending to lowincomecountries which correspond to the IDA eligible countries These countries can access the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility up to 140 percent of their ... for most lowincomecountries - should estimate the ratios of their international reserves to imports of goods and services and monitor the reserve level when this ratio declines below the recommended ... should also be estimated for all lowincomecountriesThe PBA System Debt Sustainability inLowIncome Countries: Further Consideration on an Operational Framework and Policy Implications, IDA/SecM...
... grant-dependent during IDA 14 Since more countries will find themselves increasingly reliant on external grant financing, the international financial institutions (IFIs) project that the demand for grants ... from the IMF andWorld Bank, but the same is not possible for the smaller low- incomecountries 64 Since CPIAs are central to the PBA system there is a need to discuss the process by which these ... IDA is not the major donor Debt Thresholds and Indicators 65 Lowincomecountries that exceed the debt thresholds will find that their capacity to borrow will decline There are 34 countries that...
... long and short-term debt Debt Burden Ratios a) The total debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the amount of disbursed debt outstanding to the size of the economy b) The total debt outstanding ... services c) Public debt outstanding to GDP or GNI ratio compares the total of domestic and external outstanding to the size of the economy Present Value Indicators a) The Present Value of Debt Service ... average rate of interest of the loan portfolio to the growth rate of exports determines whether debt service is growing faster than exports b) The ratio of the average rate of interest of the loan portfolio...
... III?, Matthew Martin in Africa Report, NSI, 2002 11 Debt Sustainability inLowIncome Countries, Allen and Nankani, IMF & IDA, February 2004 12 Debt Sustainability and Financing Terms in IDA 14, ... another While the letter grades andthe quintiles from which they are derived are not exact representations of the numeric scores, they are still highly indicative The following tables present the ... obtain the IDA country rating, the Bank applies the (absolute) rating of the “governance Ibid footnote 16 factor” in column “A” to the averaged (absolute) ratings in columns “B” and “C.” Rating...
... of the CPIA index ranked in ascending order The CPIA for each country as described below will be the average ranking of all the indicators intheindex marked from a low of to a high of Accordingly, ... assist low- incomecountries maintain sustainable debt levels and reduce the risk to IDA of debt problems inthecountriesin which IDA will provide a significant share of financing under IDA 14 and ... discussed by the Boards of theWorld Bank and IMF in February and March 2004 and by the Development Committee in April Following these discussions and endorsement of the general principles of the framework,...
... World industrial output during the Great Depression andthe current crisis 16 I.2.4 The decline inworld trade during the crisis of 1929-1933 16 I.2.5 The decline inworld trade during the crisis ... the recovery takes hold and to maintain the EU’s growth potential inthe long-run, the focus must increasingly shift from short-term demand management to supply-side structural measures Failing ... stimulus stemming from the EERP will taper off in 2011, but needs to be followed up by sizeable fiscal consolidation in following years to reverse the unsustainable debt build-up Inthe financial...