have to spanish translation
Tài liệu Must and have to & Must, musn’t, needn’t pptx
... tomorrow, so I don’t have to get up early. Sáng mai tôi không làm việc, vì vậy tôi không phải dậy sớm. D Bạn có thể dùng have got to thay cho have to. Vì vậy bạn có thể nói: I’ve got to ... vậy bạn có thể nói: I’ve got to work tomorrow hay I have to work tomorrow. Sáng mai tôi phải làm việc. When has Ann got to go? hay When does Ann have to go? Khi nào Ann sẽ phải đi? Must, ... mai chúng ta phải đi. Bạn có thể dùng have to cho mọi thì. I had to go to the hospital. (past) Tôi đã phải đến bệnh viện. Have you ever had to go to hospital? (present perfect) Bạn...
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Tài liệu Work with Data-Bound Multi-Select List Boxes Using Windows Forms It is common to have to assign docx
... Boxes Using Windows Forms It is common to have to assign products to categories, which is a one -to- many relationship. Sometimes you want to be able to do this in a somewhat bulk fashion. One ... button pointing to the right (>), then the item is moved to the Selected Products list box. If you select items in the Selected Products list box and click on the arrow button pointing to ... code in Listing 8.8 to the Click event of the btnUnSelect command button. Again, this code is similar to the previous step, but it is used to set the CategoryID column to null if the product...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Hierarchical Chunk-to-String Translation" ppt
... introducelinguistic knowledge into the hierarchical phrase-based model. Marton and Resnik (2008) took thesource parse tree into account and added soft con-straints to hierarchical phrase-based ... hierarchical chunk -to- stringmodel into two models: a loose model which is moresimilar to the hierarchical phrase-based model anda tight model which is more similar to the tree -to- string model. ... robust to parsing errors. We refine the hi-erarchical chunk -to- string model into two models: aloose model (more similar to the hierarchical phrase-based model) and a tight model (more similar to...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Learning to Find Translations and Transliterations on the Web" doc
... source term and partial translation to a search engine is a good strategy used by many translators. Unfortunately, the user still has to sift through snippets to find the translations. For a given ... labeled with translation tags and three kinds feature values to train a CRF model. 3.2 Run-Time Translation Extraction With the trained CRF model, we then attempt to find translations for ... a term may have many alternative translations that does not match exactly with one single reference translation. To give a more accurate estimate of real precision, we resorted to manual evaluation...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Fine-grained Tree-to-String Translation Rule Extraction" docx
... managed to be tackled during extracting rules from an alignedforest-string pair: where to cut and how to cut.Equation 1 was used again to compute a frontiernode set to determine where to cut ... transla-tion rules to large-scale Japanese-English transla-tion tasks. Finally, we conclude in Section 5.2 Related Work2.1 Tree -to- string and string -to- treetranslationsTree -to- string translation ... koroshita parsing Bottom-up decoding tree -to- string string -to- tree Figure 1: Illustration of the training and decod-ing processes for tree -to- string and string -to- treetranslations.fJ1is...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Constituency to Dependency Translation with Forests" doc
... applyforest into tree -to- tree (Zhang et al., 2007) andtree-sequence -to- string models(Liu et al., 2007)respectively. Different from Liu et al. (2009), weapply forest into a new constituency tree to de-pendency ... forest-basedconstituency -to- constituency model, they putmore emphasize on how to utilize parse forest to increase the tree -to- tree rule coverage. Bycontrast, we only use 1-best dependency treeson the target side to ... forest-basedconstituency -to- dependency translation model,which combines the advantages of both tree -to- string and string -to- tree systems, runs fast andguarantees grammaticality of the output. To learnthe...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Adjoining Tree-to-String Translation" potx
... address1. To take advantage of existing decoding tech-niques, it is necessary to convert a derivation forest to a translation forest. A hyperedge in a transla-tion forest corresponds to a translation ... using tree -to- string rules that allow forboth substitution and adjoining. We describe how to convert TAG derivations to translation forest (Sec-tion 4). We evaluated the new tree -to- string systemon ... (2008) describe how to convert a derived tree to a translation forest using tree -to- string rules onlyallowing for substitution. Unfortunately, it is notstraightforward to convert a derivation...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Applying Morphology Generation Models to Machine Translation" docx
... In the second setting, weallow the model to use up to 100 translations, and to automatically select the best number to use. Asseen in Table 3, (n=16) translations were chosen forRussian and ... 2006. Ini-tial explorations in English to Turkish statistical ma-chine translation. In NAACL workshop on statisticalmachine translation. Jenny Finkel, Christopher Manning, and Andrew Ng.2006. ... marker gen-eration (Toutanova and Suzuki, 2007).This paper describes a successful attempt to in-tegrate a subcomponent for generating word inflec-tions into a statistical machine translation (SMT)system....
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REMEMBERING WHAT YOU HAVE TO SAY? pot
... don't have a replacement or time to change to bulb, you can refer to your handouts without stopping the flow of your speech. Using Notes (cont.)Here are suggestions to consider ... always have extras. I recommend keeping a copy of your handouts for two reasons. First, you have a copy to refer to during your presentation. Also, if you are using an overhead projector and ... their body. One strategy is to double space your typed text. This leaves room for you to jot down notes and cues about which words to emphasize and gestures to accompany certain sentences,...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Personalising speech-to-speech translation in the EMIME project" pptx
... required to create transformations for tuning the average voicecloser to the target voice.In addition to the supervised adaptation us-ing annotated speech, it is also possible to em-ploy ASR to ... decreased to fit in a mobile phoneand fast WiFi and 3G networks have spread widely to connect them to even more powerful computa-tion servers. Several hand-held S2ST applicationsand devices have ... Kobayashi, K. Takeda,N. Minematsu, S. Sagayama, K. Itou, A. Ito, M. Ya-mamoto, A. Yamada, T. Utsuro, and K. Shikano.2000. Free software toolkit for japanese large vo-cabulary continuous speech...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Binarized Forest to String Translation" ppt
... rnode to pnode22: Ancestors[pnode] = Ancestors[pnode] ∪ (Ancestors[lnode] ∩ Ancestors[rnode])23: Label[pnode] = min{Label[pnode], CONCATENATE(Label[lnode], Label[rnode])} translation to evaluate ... English to German, French, Spanish and Czech tracks.1 IntroductionIn recent years, researchers have explored a widespectrum of approaches to incorporate syntax andstructure into machine translation ... Researchxiaoyunwu@google.comAbstractTree -to- string translation is syntax-aware andefficient but sensitive to parsing errors. Forest- to- string translation approaches mitigate therisk of propagating parser errors into transla-tion...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Rule Markov Models for Fast Tree-to-String Translation" pot
... for tree -to- string translation. The de-coder operates top-down and maintains a derivationhistory of translation rules encountered. The historyis exactly the vertical chain of ancestors correspond-ing ... have gained popularity in recentyears due to their speed and simplicity. The input to the translation system is a source parse tree and theoutput is the target string. Huang and Mi (2010) have recently ... threshold.3 Tree -to- string decoding with ruleMarkov modelsIn this paper, we use our rule Markov model frame-work in the context of tree -to- string translation. Tree -to- string translation systems...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Improving Decoding Generalization for Tree-to-String Translation" docx
... effects on tree -to- string translation due to decoding on incorrect source parse trees. To ad-dress the parse error issue in tree -to- string transla-tion, a natural solution is to use n-best parse ... Decoding Generalization for Tree -to- String Translation Jingbo Zhu Tong Xiao Natural Language Processing Laboratory Natural Language Processing Laboratory Northeastern University, Shenyang, ... tree -to- string decoding is to search for the best derivation that converts the source tree into a target-language string. A deriva-tion is a sequence of translation steps (i.e., the use of translation...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "A Tree Sequence Alignment-based Tree-to-Tree Translation Model" potx
... 1()ITe Data structures: 12[, ]hj j To store translations to a span 12[, ]jj 1: for s = 0 to J -1 do // s: span length 2: for 1j= 1 to J - s , 2j=1j+ s do 3: for each rule ... problems, Liu et al. (2007) propose to use forest -to- string rules to enhance the expressive power of their tree -to- string model. As is inherent in a tree -to- string framework, Liu et al.’s method ... STSG-based translation model performs much better than the supervised one. The motiva-tion behind all these work is to exploit linguistical-ly syntactic structure features to model the translation...
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