grouping data by multiple fields
Tài liệu Module 3: Accessing Exchange 2000 Data by Using ADO 2.5 doc
... 2000 Data by Using ADO 2.5 Module Strategy Use the following strategy to present this module: ! Examining the Universal Data Access Strategy Define Universal Data Access, and introduce open database ... and relative URLs ! Implement data searches in Exchange 2000 by using SQL statements Module 3: Accessing Exchange 2000 Data by Using ADO 2.5 Examining the Universal Data Access Strategy Topic Objective ... Hierarchical Data Hierarchical Data Mail Video Directory Mail Video Directory Text Other Services Text Other Services Mainframe Mainframe and Legacy and Legacy Data Data Universal Data Access...
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Tài liệu Retrieve Data by Using the DataReader Object docx
... section Listing 3.2 frmHowTo3_1.vb: Loading a List Box By Using the DataReader Object Private Sub btnLoadList_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _ ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnLoadList.Click ... As String, _ ByVal strDatabase As String) As String Dim strTemp As String strTemp = "Provider=SQLOleDB; Data Source=" & strServer & ";" strTemp &= "Initial Catalog=" & strDatabase & ";" strTemp ... and database names that are passed to it and creates a connection string Listing 3.1 modGeneralRoutines.vb: Creating a Connection String Function BuildCnnStr(ByVal strServer As String, _ ByVal...
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Tài liệu displaying data from Multiple tables docx
... equality and non-equality joins D View data that would not normally meet a join condition by using outer joins D Join a table to itself Displaying Data from Multiple Tables 4Ć3 4Ć4 Introduction ... s_emp; 300 rows selected Displaying Data from Multiple Tables 4Ć7 4Ć8 Introduction to Oracle: SQL and PL/SQL Using Procedure Builder Simple Join Query To display data from two or more related tables, ... column names is also applicable to columns that may be ambiguous in a SELECT or ORDER BY clause Displaying Data from Multiple Tables 4Ć13 Server ÉÉ ÉÉ 4Ć14 Introduction to Oracle: SQL and PL/SQL Using...
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Tài liệu displaying data from multiple tables pptx
... equality and non-equality joins D View data that would not normally meet a join condition by using outer joins D Join a table to itself Displaying Data from Multiple Tables 4Ć3 4Ć4 Introduction ... table contains 12 rows Displaying Data from Multiple Tables 4Ć7 4Ć8 Introduction to Oracle: SQL and PL/SQL Using Procedure Builder Simple Join Query To display data from two or more related tables, ... column names is also applicable to columns that may be ambiguous in a SELECT or ORDER BY clause Displaying Data from Multiple Tables 4Ć13 Server ÉÉ ÉÉ 4Ć14 Introduction to Oracle: SQL and PL/SQL Using...
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Displaying Data from Multiple Tables pptx
... should be able to the following: • • View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins • 4-2 Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table using equality ... equality and nonequality joins Join a table to itself by using a self join Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2001 All rights reserved Obtaining Data from Multiple Tables EMPLOYEES DEPARTMENTS … … 4-3 ... column names that are in multiple tables • Improve performance by using table prefixes • Distinguish columns that have identical names but reside in different tables by using column aliases 4-11...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " HDAC inhibitors stimulate viral transcription by multiple mechanisms" pptx
... bound to agarose in a typical ChIP procedure by an antibody which recognizes the protein The minichromosomes which are bound to agarose are then fragmented by sonication The DNA present in fragments ... which remain bound to the agarose and the DNA in fragments which are solubilized by the sonication are then amplified by PCR with primers that recognize sites of interest in the SV40 genome The occupancy ... hyperacetylated by the HDACi treatment Discussion Our current studies have shown that HDACi treatment can potentially stimulate SV40 transcription at the appropriate times during infection by increasing...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Overview pps
... E¤ect by IV Further Issues 18.5.1 Special Considerations for Binary and Corner Solution Responses 18.5.2 Panel Data 18.5.3 Nonbinary Treatments 18.5.4 Multiple Treatments Problems 633 636 Count Data ... treatments that focus on general approaches to estimation, thereby attempting to cover all data configurations— including cross section, panel data, and time series—in one framework, without giving special ... sample counterpart of a problem solved by the population parameter The analogy approach is complemented nicely by asymptotic analysis, and that is the focus here By focusing on asymptotic properties...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 1 pot
... random sampling assumption with so-called experimental data Experimental data fall under the fixed explanatory variables paradigm With experimental data, researchers set values of the explanatory variables ... of full data matrices Because we will rely heavily on random sampling, it is important to know what it allows and what it rules out Random sampling is often reasonable for cross section data, where, ... 1.2.1 The Stochastic Setting and Asymptotic Analysis Data Structures In order to give proper treatment to modern cross section and panel data methods, we must choose a stochastic setting that...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 2 pdf
... assumptions can be easily relaxed By using the notion of a linear projection we can often relax linearity assumptions in auxiliary conditional expectations Typically this is done by first writing down a ... where, by definition, b ½VarðxÞÀ1 Covðx; yÞ ð2:39Þ b0 EðyÞ À EðxÞb ¼ Eð yÞ À b Eðx1 Þ À Á Á Á À b K EðxK Þ ð2:40Þ The matrix VarðxÞ is the K  K symmetric matrix with ð j; kÞth element given by Covðxj ... Eð y j xÞÞ j x ¼ E½ð y À mðxÞÞ j x ¼ Eðy j xÞ À mðxÞ ¼ Next, by property CE.2, E½gðxÞu ¼ EðE½gðxÞu j xÞ ¼ E½gðxÞEðu j xÞ (by property CE.1) ¼ because Eðu j xÞ ¼ property CE.7 (Conditional...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 3 ppt
... a nonrandom, positive sequence, if xN =aN ¼ Op ð1Þ We write xN ¼ Op ðaN Þ We could have started by defining a sequence fxN g to be op ðN d Þ for d A R if p N Àd xN ! 0, in which case we obtain ... ð1Þ þ Op ð1Þ ¼ Op ð1Þ and op ð1Þ Á op ð1Þ ¼ op ð1Þ All of the previous definitions apply element by element to sequences of random vectors or matrices For example, if fxN g is a sequence of random ... the large-sample properties of estimators for linear models is the following It is easily proven by repeated application of Lemma 3.2 (see Problem 3.2) lemma 3.3: Let fZN : N ¼ 1; 2; g be a sequence...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 4 ppt
... determined by the murder rate Conceptually, this is a more di‰cult situation to analyze, because we must be able to think of a situation where we could vary xK exogenously, even though in the data ... be written in full matrix form as ðX XÞÀ1 X Y, where X is the N Â K data matrix of regressors with ith row xi and Y is the N Â data vector with ith element yi Under Assumption OLS.2, X X is nonsingular ... element by element, we see that Assumption OLS.3 is equivalent to assuming that the squared error, u , is uncorrelated with each xj , xj2 , and all cross products of the form xj xk By the law...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 5 doc
... (actually, its F statistic counterpart, obtained by dividing the Wald statistic by Q) after 2SLS estimation using a simple test command A valid test of multiple restrictions can be computed using ... forced, by law, to attend school longer than they otherwise would, and this fact is correlated with quarter of birth We can determine the strength of this association in a particular sample by estimating ... Variables Estimation of Single-Equation Linear Models 89 Hoxby (1994) uses topographical features, in particular the natural boundaries created by rivers, as IVs for the concentration of public schools...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 6 ppt
... model is obtained by setting r1 ¼ 0, which means we estimate the original model (6.17) by OLS The test can be made robust to heteroskedasticity in u1 (since u1 ¼ e1 under H ) by applying the heteroskedasticity-robust ... pooling of independent cross sections with a di¤erent data structure, panel data, which we treat starting in Chapter Briefly, in a panel data set we follow the same group of individuals, firms, ... heteroskedasticity at the percent level? 6.7 For this problem use the data in HPRICE.RAW, which is a subset of the data used by Kiel and McClain (1995) The file contains housing prices and characteristics...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 7 pot
... makes this assumption Our next example involves panel data Example 7.2 (Panel Data Model): Suppose that for each cross section unit we observe data on the same set of variables for T time periods ... Þ, so we define K K1 þ Á Á Á þ KG Example 7.2 (Panel Data, continued): The panel data model (7.6) can be expressed 0 as in equation (7.9) by choosing Xi to be the T Â K matrix Xi ¼ ðxi1 ; xi2 ... equivalent to OLS equation by equation Assumption SOLS.2 is easily seen to hold if Eðxig xig Þ is nonsingular for all g Example 7.2 (Panel Data, continued): In the panel data case, N X N T XX i¼1...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 8 pdf
... more e‰cient estimators by estimating b and b jointly, 186 Chapter that is, by using a system procedure The e‰ciency gains are analogous to the gains that can be realized by using feasible GLS ... is consistently estimated by ^ ^^^ ^ ½ðX Z=NÞWðZ X=NÞÀ1 ðX Z=NÞWLWðZ X=NÞ½ðX Z=NÞWðZ X=NÞÀ1 ð8:27Þ ^ As usual, we estimate Avarð b Þ by dividing expression (8.27) by N While the general formula ... cannot lose by adding IVs and performing minimum chi-square [Plus, we can then test the functional form Eð y j xÞ ¼ xb by testing the overidentifying restrictions.] Unfortunately, as shown by several...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 9 doc
... overidentifying restriction, as used by Mroz (1987) We estimate the labor supply function first by OLS [to see what ignoring the endogeneity of logðwageÞ does] and then by 2SLS, using as instruments ... does not appear to di¤er by hours worked The remaining coe‰cients are similar to what is obtained by dropping hours from equation (9.29) and estimating the equation by OLS (For example, the 2SLS ... (9.30) by 2SLS would be pointless [You are invited to estimate equation (9.30) by 2SLS to see what happens.] 224 Chapter It would be more e‰cient to estimate equations (9.28) and (9.29) by 3SLS,...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 10 pdf
... write model (10.3) in error form as yt ¼ b þ xt b þ c þ ut where, by definition, ð10:4Þ Basic Linear Unobserved E¤ects Panel Data Models Eðut j xt ; cÞ ¼ 0; 249 t ¼ 1; ð10:5Þ One implication of ... appears directly in equation (10.7), and its presence suggests estimating equation (10.7) by OLS Given a panel data set with two time periods, equation (10.7) is just a standard cross section equation ... framework becomes multiple time series analysis: N can be held fixed while T ! y 10.2 Assumptions about the Unobserved E¤ects and Explanatory Variables Before analyzing panel data estimation methods...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 11 pot
... endogeneity, measurement error, can also be solved by eliminating ci and finding appropriate IVs Measurement error in panel data was studied by Solon (1985) and Griliches and Hausman (1986) It ... 2; ; T The usefulness of premultiplying by Mi is that it allows us to eliminate the unobserved e¤ect by premultiplying equation (11.44) through by Mi and noting that Mi Zi ¼ 0: € € u yi ¼ ... consistently estimated by first estimating y by system OLS, and then proceeding with FGLS as in Section 7.5 If assumption (11.64) fails, a more e‰cient estimator is obtained by applying GMM to equation...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 12 doc
... solution always exists The LAD estimator is motivated by the fact that yo minimizes E½j y À mðx; yÞj over the parameter space Y; this follows by the fact that for each x, the conditional median ... because the absolute value function is nondi¤erentiable at zero By itself, this limitation is a minor nuisance More importantly, by any reasonable definition, the Hessian of the LAD objective function ... because it places no restrictions on Varð y j xÞ It was first proposed by White (1980a) [Sometimes the expression is multiplied by N=ðN À PÞ as a degrees-of-freedom adjustment, where P is the dimension...
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Book Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data By Wooldridge - Chapter 13 pdf
... implicitly by taking z t to be nonrandom In Chapter we saw that strict exogeneity played no role in getting consistent, asymptotically normal estimators in linear panel data models by pooled OLS, ... (d) the elements of ‘y2 lðy; x; yÞ are bounded in absolute value by a function bðy; xÞ with finite expectation; and (e) A o defined by expression (13.24) is positive definite Then pffiffiffiffiffi d ^ N ðy ... robustness reasons, we not wish to fully specify the density of y given x 13.8.1 Setup for Panel Data For panel data applications we let y denote a T Â vector, with generic element yt Thus, yi is a T...
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