... precursor, huntingtin, parkin and fragile-X mental retardation proteins as well as some S100, IeF, ribosomal, chaperone, receptor, adaptor and serum proteinsand several proteins associated with ataxia, ... in detoxification Two distinct supergene families encode proteins with GST activity; at least 16 genes encode proteins expressed in tissue cytosols and six genes are expressed in membranes Cytosolic ... mitochondria and stimulate their release of cytochrome c and other proteins, which can trigger caspase activation and apoptosis This release is governed by the Bcl-2 family of proteinsand occurs...
... et[33][34] genegene Additionalfor file Yanggene signature Ras gene signature signature E2F3 et al signature breastgene al gene Myc cancer prognosis signature Acknowledgements We thank Morten Krogh and ... Swedish National Research School in Genomics and Bioinformatics reports We generated gene sets of the same size as the gene signature by randomly selecting genes from the human or mouse genome We ... Article R77 EASE and GSEA analysis We obtained six different publicly available human and mouse gene signatures Gene identifiers were mapped to UniGene clusters using ACID [42] Gene identifiers...
... SUNdomain proteins but also a unique family of SUNdomain protein genes not previously described Members of this second group of genes (ZmSUN3, ZmSUN4, and ZmSUN5) encode slightly larger proteins ... protein sequences from maize, sorghum, rice, Arabidopsis, and moss (Physcomitrella Page of 22 Table Maize genes encoding SUN-domain proteinsGene Class Maize genea mRNA Locusb BACc cDNAd UniGenee ... Proteins Using the full-length cDNAs listed in Table we predicted the encoded proteins for five different maize SUN-domain proteins Their features and primary motifs are summarized in Table and...
... regions in proteins interactions Results and discussion A detailed analysis of 115 proteins (described in Materials and methods) with available structures in different conformational states and temperature ... of proteins displaying allosteric activities with existing PDB structures All proteinstructure images were created using DS ViewerPro 6.0 [43] Network analysis of protein structures Each protein ... 1eup) binding site Two androstenedione molecules (Andro1 and Andro2 colored in blue and purple, respectively) are bound to the protein The binding site (in spacefill) for the androstenedione is divided...
... thaumatin-like proteinsand osmotin-like proteins Other PR families include proteinase inhibitors, endoproteinases, peroxidases, ribonuclease-like proteins, defensins, thionins, lipid transfer proteins, ... metabolites, toxic to bacteria and fungi; and synthesis of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins such as β-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and thaumatinlike proteins (Bowles, 1990) PR proteins were first observed ... one 35-kDa chitinase-like protein (CLP), two β1,3-glucanase-like proteins (GLP, 32 kDa and 35 kDa), one 25-kDa thaumatin-like protein (TLP), and other unidentified proteins One of the NP complexes...
... domains of Spir-2 and PTPN13 were generated by RT-PCR and inserted into pEGFP-C1 and pGEX-4T-2 The N- and C-terminal regions of the v-KIND KIND2 and the MAP2 CD were generated by PCR and cloned into ... cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit RII binding domain (RII), the central domain (CD)1-3 and the microtubulebinding domain (MBD)] and corresponding GST fusion proteins were generated ... region, we next generated a series of GST-fused deletions of the CD2-1 region (Fig 3E) and examined the interactions between bacterially expressed proteins of these subregions (Fig S1C) and 1654 Fig...
... proteolysis and able to be expressed at high levels Moreover, with few possible exceptions (so-called natively unfolded proteins [41]), functional proteins are necessarily structured proteins (probably ... screens and selection for protein stability and structure. ) Cellular expression One straightforward strategy of screening for structured proteins is to make limited or highly biased libraries and ... characterized, and all were helical, monomeric and stable NOESY, 15N-1H HSQC and 13C-1H HSQC NMR spectra indicated that four of the five proteins had well-ordered and persistent main-chain and sidechain structure...
... hindrance between peptide and protein, and to relax the hydrogen added to the protein, the peptide andprotein were merged and minimized before docking Atomic solvation parameters and fragmental volumes ... of hCD2 and rat CD2 3D structures indicated that Tyr86 and Glu36 side chains overlap in hCD2 and rat CD2 and oriented in the same direction in both the structures To stabilize the b-turn structure ... Human-CD2 and rat-CD2 have high 3D structure similarity Comparison of 3D structures of hCD2 from CD2–CD58 complex [30] and the structure of rat CD2 [36] using DS modeling (Accelrys Inc., Sandiego,...
... other and with proteins that have a similar fold Structure of sbwAFP and TmAFP The structure of sbwAFP has been determined by X-ray ˚ crystallography to 2.5 A and by NMR at both 30 °C and °C ... [31,32,36] and their threedimensional structures were determined [34,37–40] In subsequent sections, we describe the structureand dynamics of each protein, and present a comparison of sbwAFP and TmAFP ... structural analysis cannot be made easily between TmAFP and other, right-handed b-helical proteins, because all other known right-handed b-helical proteins have coils that consist of approximately...
... Ônatively unfoldedÕ proteins unstructured under physiologic conditions? Proteins 41, 415±427 Wright, P.E & Dyson, H.J (1999) Intrinsically unstructured proteins: re-assessing the proteinstructure function ... milk proteins, the brain proteins synuclein and tau, as well as mutants of a-synuclein and tau associated with inherited forms of neurodegenerative disease, all have a very similar type of structure, ... conformation There may also be some b strand in some of the proteins, especially b- and j-casein judging by the wellde®ned negative ROA bands in these proteins in the range » 1245 cm)1, but little...
... that Sp1 and Sp3 might be involved in the activation of a very large number of genes, such as housekeeping genes for tissue-specific and cell cycle-regulated proteins [3] Moreover, Sp proteins ... different roles in the activation and repression of transcription [9] In our hands, Sp1 generated a single band and Sp3 generated two bands in EMSAs (two of three bands migrated to the same position; ... appropriate GST fusion proteinsand performed EMSAs with the P3 probe that included the GA motif Specific and different shifted bands were detected with GST–Sp1 and GST–Sp3 The shifted band due to GST–Sp3...
... methodology for elucidating proteinprotein interactions and selecting specific binders to novel target proteins, and the first and second minireviews focus on the detection of proteinprotein interactions ... [5], and proteomics [6,7] The presence of the vast gene cluster enables us to obtain valuable binding proteins using selection methodology, and recent structural visualization of candidate proteins ... foreign peptide sequences and small scaffold proteins, and as methods for designing high-quality libraries of small scaffold proteins Functionalization of small scaffold proteins by peptide grafting...
... 5-HIU and second to decarboxylate OHCU to (S)-allantoin As previously discussed, bacterial TLP genes are frequently found in close proximity to the uricase geneand to another gene encoding proteins ... transthyretin-related protein family Eur J Biochem 270, 518–532 Hennebry SC, Wright HM, Likic V & Richardson SJ (2006a) Structural and functional evolution of transthyretin and transthyretin-like proteins Proteins: ... between the structures of TLP and transthyretins are found in the loop connecting b-strands B and C, which is highly exposed to the solvent in TLP [17] Interruptions in the b-strands A, G and H are...
... and nitrogen resonances with the alpha- and beta-carbon resonances in proteins J Magn Reson B101, 201– 205 Grzesiek SBA (1992) Correlating backbone amide and side chain resonances in larger proteins ... cellular proteins exist that, like hHR23B, contain the STI1, UBL and UBA domains connected by relatively flexible linkers It is likely that the STI1 domains of these proteins have evolved to specify and ... for protein interaction Protein Sci 13, 2370– 2377 Herrmann T, Guntert P & Wuthrich K (2002) Protein NMR structure determination with automated NOE assignment using the new software candid and...
... 1A) and the DQF-COSY spectra (not shown) collected under identical conditions (Table 3) The unique spin systems His8, Lys10, Arg11 and Ala29, and the pairs of Phe and Pro residues and Gly28 and ... gradients for each structure The rmsd values and the distance and dihedral angle violations for the best 10 out of 60 structures are given in Table The final structures shown in Figs and were determined ... NMR of Proteinsand Nucleic Acids Wiley, ¨ New York Wishart, D.S., Sykes, B.D & Richards, F.M (1991) Relationship between nuclear-magnetic-resonance chemical-shift andprotein secondary structure...
... Leu8, His16, and Gly17, is present in seven structures, and another antiparallel b-bulge (B2), composed of Val57, Glu87, and Arg88, is observed for all the structures The secondary structure elements ... known proteins, it has similarities to the small architectural proteins Sac7d and Cren7 belonging to the Sulfolobus strains of the Crenarchaeota subdomain (Fig 2) [3,4] All possess a triple-stranded ... DNA and the b-ribbon arms, and variable contacts between additional DNA and the body of the protein [19] In the case of MC1ÆDNA complexes, we know that the protein covers at least 15 bp and that...
... mutations on proteinstructureand functional consequences, mutated proteins were expressed in E coli and enzymatic properties were characterized Measurement of the activity of these mutant proteins ... QuikChangeÒ Site-directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) Successful mutagenesis was confirmed by sequencing Protein expression All the proteins were expressed as GST-fusion proteins BL21 cells were grown ... expressed proteins In summary, the identification of three new and four previously reported mutations in the HMBS gene has increased our understanding of the molecular basis and heterogeneity of...
... RNase III proteins, Drosha and Dicer, collaborate in the stepwise processing of micro RNAs (miRNAs), and play key roles in miRNA-mediated gene regulation of processes such as development and differentiation ... FEBS T N Rampias et al Genomic structureand expression analysis of the Cc RNase epidermis and intestine of 6-day-old larvae and adult heads and ovaries, was blotted and hybridized using the Cc ... ARE-mediated pathways is manifested by the presence of multiple ARE-binding proteins, including stabilizing proteins [29,30] or proteins that promote degradation of mRNAs that contain AREs [31] Recent...
... b-strands are numbered and the b5 and b7 strands are shown in red and blue, respectively G104 (equivalent to K137 of human HSP22) and R108 (equivalent to K141 of human HSP22) are shown in purple and ... Solid blue and red lines above M jannaschii Hsp16.5 and below T aestivum Hsp16.9 sequences indicate a-helices and b-strands detected in the crystal structure of the corresponding proteins [10,11] ... Previously, we compared the structureand properties of the wild-type HSP22 and its K141E mutant [29] The present study analyses the structureand properties of K137E and the K137,141E mutant of...
... subcloned at EcoRI and XhoI sites in pcDNA3.1, and in pcDNA3.1/myc-His (Invitrogen) The QuickChange Site-directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) was used to switch serines 73 and 138 and threonine 153 ... (1995) Agerelated changes in peptide-23/pancreatitis-associated proteinand pancreatic stone protein/ reg gene expression in the rat and regulation by growth hormone-releasing hormone Endocrinology ... autoradiography of the wet gel Protein kinase assays Two independent clones of stably expressing HIP/PAP Chang cells (HIP and HIP 4) and two independent control clones (PC4 and PC8) stably transfected...