... hugemongous.
46
EE 290S: FundamentalsofWireless Communication
Course Notes
U.C. Berkeley Fall 2002
Instructor: David Tse
Co-written with: Pramod Viswanath
September 18, 2002
fades of the channel (i.e. ... 1000 (30 dB). Stupendous amounts of power would be required for
more reliable communication.
Before we explore further the root cause of the poor performance of this detector,
we note that there ... gain, there is a law of diminishing marginal return: as L increases, the
marginal benefit decreases because of the law of large numbers, eventually converging
to the performance of the AWGN channel....
... Hz.
ã
Primary driver behind wirelesscommunication system
design.
Fundamentals of
Wireless Communication
David Tse
Dept of EECS
U.C. Berkeley
Main story
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Communication over a flat fading ... distance of the
order of the carrier wavelength. This is 0.3 m for Ghz
cellular.
ã
For vehicular speeds, this translates to channel variation
of the order of 100 Hz.
ã
Primary driver behind wireless ... fading
ã
Wireless communication typically happens at very high
carrier frequency. (eg. f
c
= 900 MHz or 1.9 GHz for
cellular)
ã
Multipath fading due to constructive and destructive
interference of...
... president of the National Academy
of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter
of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding ... development of models of several heights for men, women, and chil-
dren of various ages for use in the characterization of SAR distributions for
exposures characteristic of cell phones, wireless ... development of
models of several heights for men, women, and children of various ages for
use in the characterization of SAR distributions for exposures characteristic
of cell phones, wireless...
... dark because of the costs of
compliance. The costs to comply with Sarbox can be several million dollars, which can be a large
percentage of a small firms profits. A major cost of going dark ... this: “A firm has estimated that the cost of improving the safety of one of its products is $30
million. However, the firm believes that improving the safety of the product will only save $20
million ... costs of raising funds in the public market.
5. The treasurer’s office and the controller’s office are the two primary organizational groups that
report directly to the chief financial officer....
... Dimensions, thermal conductivity and surface temperatures of a concrete slab. Efficiency
of gas furnace and cost of natural gas.
FIND:
Daily cost of heat loss.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS:
... if the thickness of the glass were doubled to match that of the air space. The
principal advantage of the double pane construction resides with the low thermal conductivity
of air (~ 60 times ... emissivity and temperature of a surface placed in a large, evacuated
chamber of prescribed temperature.
FIND: (a) Rate of surface radiation emission, (b) Net rate of radiation exchange between
surface...
... and thermal conductivity of steel tubes. Temperature of steam
flowing through the tubes. Thermal conductivity of insulation and emissivity of aluminum sheath.
Temperature of ambient air and surroundings. ... C.
=
<
COMMENTS:
Use of the critical insulation thickness in lieu of a thin coating has the effect of
reducing the maximum insulation temperature from 778.7
°
C to 318.2
°
C. Use of the critical insulation
thickness ... r
in,o
up to a value of 13 mm (t = 12
mm).
COMMENTS:
The contact resistance affects the temperature of the wire, and for
g,max
qE
′′
=
4.51W / m,
=
the outer surface temperature of the wire is T
w,o
...
... as well as the rate of heat transfer by convection to the surface.
COMMENTS:
(1) Using the matrix-inversion method, the exact solution to the system of equations (1,
2, 3) of part (a) is T
1
... guesses.
(2) Note that the rate of heat transfer by convection to the top surface of the rod must balance the rate of
heat transfer by conduction to the sides and bottom of the rod.
NOTE TO INSTRUCTOR:
... m5,9.
+−==
(2)
The system of 9 finite-difference equations is first written in the form of Eqs. (1) or (2) and then
written in explicit form for use with the Gauss-Seidel iteration method of solution; see...
... steady-state temperature.
(2) Both the FEHT and IHT methods ofsolution give identical results. Their steady-state solutions
agree with the result of an energy balance on a time interval basis yielding ... form of the FDEs for the
interior nodes. Use space and time increments of 37.5 mm and 1.2 s, respectively, for a 17-node
network. For the surface node 00, use the FDE derived in Section 2 of the ... exact
analytical solution. This difference represents an error of -1% ( -1
°
C / (120 – 20 )
°
C x 100). At the
x = 150 mm location, the difference is about -0.4
°
C, representing an error of –1.5%....
... and emissivity of Nichrome wire. Electrical
current. Temperature of air flow and surroundings. Velocity of air flow.
(a) Surface and centerline temperatures of the wire, (b) Effect of flow velocity ... and thermal conductivity of steel pipe. Temperature of water flow in
pipe. Temperature and velocity of air in cross flow over pipe. Cost of producing hot water.
(a) Cost of daily heat loss from ... Time to come within 10
°
C of steady-state temperature, (c)
Variation of power dissipation required to maintain a fixed heater temperature of 275
°
C over a range of
velocities.
Uniform heater...
... conductivity of steel pipe. Temperature and velocity of water flow
in pipe. Temperature and velocity of air in cross flow over pipe. Cost of producing hot water.
FIND:
Daily cost of heat loss ... length. Pressure of
saturated steam.
FIND:
Outlet temperature and pressure of air. Mass rate of steam condensation.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS:
(1) Steady-state, (2) Outer surface of annulus is adiabatic, ... the initial estimate of 325 K is reasonable
and iteration is not necessary. (2) For a steam flow rate of 0.01 kg/s, approximately 10% of the
outflow would be in the form of saturated liquid,...
... xxiii
About the Authors xxvii
Part I Overview of WiMAX 1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Broadband Wireless 3
1.1 Evolution of Broadband Wireless 5
1.1.1 Narrowband Wireless Local-Loop Systems 5
1.1.2 First-Generation ... Professor Robert Heath and Mr. Runhua Chen
from the University of Texas at Austin. Both Professor Heath and Mr. Chen possess an incredi-
ble degree of intuition and understanding in the area of ... comprehensive treatment of WiMAX.
It should be of great interest.
—Dr. Reinaldo Valenzuela, Director ofWireless Research, Bell Labs
Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX from...
... by a shear stress of 10 Pa due to the viscosity of the fluid. Assuming that the
velocity gradient of the fluid is constant, determine the coefficient of viscosity of the fluid.
Solution: Shear ... volumetric contraction of -2.5%, which means it expands during solidification.
Express your answer in terms of millimeters of elongation per meter of length compared to a
standard rule.
Solution: For ... volume of casting, and A = surface area of casting.
10.16 Identify the three sources of contraction in a metal casting after pouring.
Answer. The three contractions occur due to: (1) contraction of...