function of data link layer in osi model
Tài liệu Module 7- Data Link Layer CCNA Exploration 4.0 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
22/12/2013, 13:17
... Overview
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
ã Explain the role of Data Link layer protocols in data transmission.
ã Describe how the Data Link layer prepares data for transmission ... Connecting Upper Layer Services to the Media
11
ã To support a wide variety of network functions, the Data Link layer is often divided into
two sublayers: an upper sublayer and an lower sublayer. ... consists of virtual connections between the
nodes of a network independent of their physical layout.
– These logical signal paths are defined by Data Link layer
protocols.
ã The Data Link layer...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Neuronal growth-inhibitory factor (metallothionein-3): evaluation of the biological function of growth-inhibitory factor in the injured and neurodegenerative brain pdf
Ngày tải lên :
16/02/2014, 15:20
... suggesting that this MT isoform has different and
distinct functions within the brain. Furthermore, the
discovery and continued investigation of this brain-spe-
cific MT isoform has led to intense interest ... properties. In this review, we examine
the recent developments regarding the function of neuronal growth-inhibi-
tory factor within the brain, particularly in response to brain injury or
during neurodegenerative ... the
brain at 3–4 days post-injury and remained elevated
for almost a month [19,20]. The increase in GIF
expression in response to these different types of brain
injury was often observed in glial...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Proteolytic activation and function of the cytokine Spatzle in the innate immune response of a lepidopteran insect, Manduca sexta ppt
Ngày tải lên :
06/03/2014, 09:22
... contained a 30 bp insertion in the
ORF, beginning at nucleotide 516. This resulted in
insertion of a 10 amino acid segment (TREIDYPETI)
and one substitution (Ser fi Gly) at the C-terminal
end of ... residue
cystine-knot domain. Injection of Spa
ă
tzle-C108, but not proSpa
ă
tzle-1A, into
larvae stimulated expression of several antimicrobial peptides and proteins,
including attacin-1, cecropin-6, moricin, lysozyme, ... patterning in early
embryonic development and in the antimicrobial immune response in larvae
and adults. We have investigated the function of Spa
ă
tzle in a lepidopteran
insect, Manduca sexta, in...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Kidney function of HIV-infected children in Lagos, Nigeria: using Filler’s serum cystatin C-based formula" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 08:20
... cystatin C or cystatin C-based eGFR
in HIV-infected persons included those on HAART
with regimens consisting of tenofovir and indinavir, and
the reported increase in serum cystatin C in these stu-
dies ... LA: Guidelines for the management of
chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: recommendations of the
HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Clin Infect Dis ... (Figure 1 &2). In mu ltiple linear
regression,thevariationincystatinCasexplainedby
both models was small and only reached significant pro-
portion i n Model 2 (model includ ing BMI), Table 3...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Editorial Cross-Layer Design for the Physical, MAC, and Link Layer in Wireless Systems" doc
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 22:20
... impact
on these layers and their interaction. In recent years, the
importance of the cross -layer design at the PHY/MAC /link
layer has been reiterated through the emergence of many
innovative techniques, ... allows
certain important information to in uence decisions in a
layer that is originally not defined to use that information
(e.g., the SNR information at the link layer or the queue size
at the baseband ... multiple
users. In order to properly reflect these features in the
protocol stack, the methodology of cross -layer design has
been adopted. In short, the cross -layer methodology allows
certain important information...
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Báo cáo y học: "Expression and function of inducible co-stimulator in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: possible involvement in excessive interferon-γ and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody production" pot
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 07:20
... àg/test) and streptavidin-FITC in the presence of various amounts of nonbiotinylated JTA009 (thick line:
0 àg/test; thin line: 5 µg/test; thick broken line: 10 µg/test; thin broken line: 25 µg/test). ... position of the front dye of the gel. Human ICOS
expressing (c) CHO-K1 and (d) its parental cell line CHO-K1 were stained with biotinylated JTA009 (thick line), biotinylated SA12 (broken line), ... determined the cutoff
points for positive staining so that the percentage of positive
cells with control antibody JMAb23 was less than 1%. The
percentage of CD4
+
CD45RO
+
T cells expressing ICOS...
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Báo cáo y học: "Reduced number and impaired function of circulating progenitor cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus" pot
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 10:20
... amino-terminal two repeats of the
death effector domain (DED), it lacks the carboxy-terminal half
of the proteolytic domain. Caspase 8L binds to the Fas-asso-
ciating protein with death domain ... etiology of accelerated
atherosclerosis in SLE patients [6-8]. These findings suggest
a contributing role of the auto-immune disease itself in
atherogenesis.
The response-to-injury model supports ... provided the clinical back-
ground, was in charge of the recruitment of patients and par-
ticipated in design and drafting of the manuscript. MH
participated in the design and coordination of the study...
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Báo cáo y học: "Reverse genetic characterization of the natural genomic deletion in SARS-Coronavirus strain Frankfurt-1 open reading frame 7b reveals an attenuating function of the 7b protein in-vitro and in-vivo" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:20
... been implicated
in the induction of apoptosis, including the ORF 7a and
ORF 7b proteins as confirmed in this study (Figure 2).
Activation of apoptosis was therefore compared in cells
infected with ... interference with the
interferon signalling cascade in the case of SARS-CoV pro-
tein 6, or prevention of activation of interferon-sensitive
Induction of apoptosis by recombinant coronaviruses ... been
shown to be involved in the induction of apoptosis,
including the 7a and 7b proteins [18,46,47]. To analyze
whether the deletion in ORF 7b had any influence on its
Amino acid variability in ORF 7b...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Reverse genetic characterization of the natural genomic deletion in SARS-Coronavirus strain Frankfurt-1 open reading frame 7b reveals an attenuating function of the 7b protein in-vitro and in-vivo" docx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 04:20
... been implicated
in the induction of apoptosis, including the ORF 7a and
ORF 7b proteins as confirmed in this study (Figure 2).
Activation of apoptosis was therefore compared in cells
infected with ... been
shown to be involved in the induction of apoptosis,
including the 7a and 7b proteins [18,46,47]. To analyze
whether the deletion in ORF 7b had any influence on its
Amino acid variability in ORF 7b ... mRNA
transcription, confirming earlier findings [50]. Induction
of transcription was not observed with r7bΔTMD either,
indicating that the ORF 7b protein is not involved in the
Comparison of recombinant viruses...
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Báo cáo y học: " Expression and function of human hemokinin-1 in human and guinea pig airways" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 11:22
... extent
4567891011
0
20
40
60
80
100
Hemokinin-1
Endokinin A/B
Endokinin C
[Sar
9
,Met(O
2
)
11
] SP
Substance P
- log [Agonist]
Contraction (% ACh 3 mM)
4567891011
0
20
40
60
80
100
Hemokinin-1
Endokinin A/B
Endokinin C
Endokinin ... [Sar
9
,Met(O
2
)
11
]SPforthe
NK
1
receptor.
Characterization of hHK-1- and endokinins-induced
responses in guinea pig airways
Contractile effects of hHK-1 and endokinins in isolated
guinea pig airways
Human hemokinin-1 induced concentration-dependent
contractions ... tachykinin
antagonists and the role of hemokinin 1 in T lymphopoiesis. Blood 2003,
102(6):2165-2172.
16. Weinstock JV: The role of substance P, hemokinin and their receptor in
governing mucosal inflammation...
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Báo cáo y học: " Detrimental effects of albuterol on airway responsiveness requires airway inflammation and is independent of b-receptor affinity in murine models of asthma" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 13:22
... 0.01, (n = 10 in each group). Results of scoring of PAFS stained histological sections of lungs; no statistical difference
was found between groups. Results of scoring of CCSP staining; no statistical ... Bio-Plex
đ
đ cytokine analysis and assisted in data
interpretation and manuscript writing. LMB participated in the study design,
data interpretation and manuscript writing. JHTB assisted with data
interpretation ... changed in the direction of more Th2 cytokines
being produced. The significant decreases in IL-12p40
in the BALF from mice receiving (RS)-albuterol may
partially explain the observed increases in...
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Báo cáo y học: "Thymic function and T cell parameters in a natural human experimental model of seasonal infectious diseases and nutritional burden" potx
Ngày tải lên :
10/08/2014, 05:21
... the
year in half, seasonal fluctuations are taken into account,
ensuring that periods of typical hungry/high infection
and harvest/low inf ection, were clearly included in the
right category. In the ... starvation-induced
lymphoid atrophy and increases thymic cellularity in ob/ob mice. J Clin
Invest 1999, 104:1051-1059.
16. Casanueva FF, Dieguez C: Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of
leptin. Front ... E, McConkey SJ, Hainaut P, Whittle HC:
Long-term protection against HBV chronic carriage of Gambian
adolescents vaccinated in infancy and immune response in HBV booster
trial in adolescence. PLoS...
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Báo cáo y học: "Regional differences in prediction models of lung function in Germany" ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 11:21
... the
other two studies. Our data are in line previous findings
describing an impairment of lung function in subjects
that are extremely overweight [12,20,21].
Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor ... studies in terms of the
other determinants. In KORA environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS) and the use of at least one drug influencing
lung function was associated with lower FEV
1
, while in
the ... integrity of
the basic determinants of lung function that are usually
taken into account in prediction equations. This demon-
strates that the data sets used were comparable to data
found in the...
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Báo cáo y học: " Differential expression and function of breast regression protein 39 (BRP-39) in murine models of subacute cigarette smoke exposure and allergic airway inflammation" pps
Ngày tải lên :
12/08/2014, 13:22
... objective of the current study was to assess expression and
function of BRP-39, the murine equivalent of YKL40 in a murine model of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation
and contrast expression and function ... importance of BRP-39 in HDM- and cigarette smoke-
induced inflammation. While functionally important in HDM-induced inflammation, BRP-39 is a biomarker of
cigarette smoke induced inflammation ... USA). Intracellular staining for cytokines
was performed using BD cytofix/cytoperm and BD
perm/wash reagents with GolgiStop as recommended by
BD Pharmingen. Intracellular cytokine staining was...
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