... dissociation at D/A interfaces Bulk- heterojunctions can be produced by spin-casting a mixture of donor 10 1.3 photoactive layer morphology Figure 1.5: Schematics of the organic bulk- heterojunction morphology ... that is only overcome by the invention of the bulk- heterojunction architecture 1.2.2 Charge carrier separation Exciton dissociation occurs at the heterojunction formed by a donor and an acceptor ... morphology-property relations in realistic, disordered BHJ morphologies Keywords: organic solar cells; bulk- heterojunction; morphology; charge carrier transport; recombination; exciton; mathematical modeling;...
... Heeger’s group and Friend’s group reported the concept of bulkheterojunction by blending polymer and fullerene or two polymers in 1995.28,29 Bulkheterojunction allows for more interfacial contact ... air.38-40 Some examples of polymers and fullerenes used in BHJ solar cell devices are shown in Figure 1.5 Figure 1.4 Schematic layout of a typical bulkheterojunction solar cell The most widely ... been experimentally testified to be better than bulkheterojunction yet 10 Figure 1.6 2D representation of (a) planar, (b) bulk and (c) engineered heterojunction The photocurrent generation sites...
... C70PCBM bulkheterojunction solar cells were also studied Key words: Regioregular poly(3,3’’’-didodecyl quaterthiophene) (PQT-12), (6,6)-phenylC71-butyric acid methyl ester (C70PCBM), Bulkheterojunction ... proposal of bulkheterojunction concept (see Fig 1.8) Most of the significant work in organic solar cells was done based on this concept and produced some encouraging results Bulkheterojunction ... a better understanding of PQT12 based bulkheterojunction solar cells We report, for the first time, the application of PQT-12 as donor material in bulkheterojunction solar cells A relatively...
... Applications of Acoustics Rosenbaum,Joel, Bulk Acoustic Wave Theory and Devices Rossi, Mario, Acoustics and Electroacoustics Bulk Acoustic Wave Theory and Devices by Joel F Rosenbaum Artech House ... Rosenbaum, Joel, 1945 Dec 9Bulk acoustic wave theory and devices / Joel Rosenbaum p cm Bibliography: p Includes index ISBN 0-89006-265-X Acoustic surface wave devices Acousto-optical devices I Title TK5981.R64 ... Responses 11.7 Composite Resonators 11.7.1 High Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators 11.7.2 Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators 11.7.3 Applications of Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators Appendix A Index 371 371 372...
... Applications of Acoustics Rosenbaum,Joel, Bulk Acoustic Wave Theory and Devices Rossi, Mario, Acoustics and Electroacoustics Bulk Acoustic Wave Theory and Devices by Joel F Rosenbaum Artech House ... Rosenbaum, Joel, 1945 Dec 9Bulk acoustic wave theory and devices / Joel Rosenbaum p cm Bibliography: p Includes index ISBN 0-89006-265-X Acoustic surface wave devices Acousto-optical devices I Title TK5981.R64 ... Responses 11.7 Composite Resonators 11.7.1 High Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators 11.7.2 Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators 11.7.3 Applications of Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators Appendix A Index 371 371 372...
... -n, raid -devices= Specify the number of active devices in the array This, plus the number of spare devices (see below) must equal the number of component -devices (including "missing" devices) ... spare devices For Manage mode: -a, add hotadd listed devices -r, remove remove listed devices They must not be active i.e they should be failed or spare devices -f, fail mark listed devices ... necessary support -x, spare -devices= Specify the number of spare (eXtra) devices in the initial array Spares can also be added and removed later The number of component devices listed on the command...
... Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 10:19 AM Page 52 MECHANISMS THAT SORT, FEED, OR WEIGH ORIENTING DEVICES Here’s a common problem; Parts arrive in either open-end or closed-end first; you need a ... it avoids the cam-based mechanisms more commonly used for accomplishing this job SIMPLE FEEDING DEVICES The oscillating sector picks up the desired number of parts, left diagram, and feeds them ... rotating wheels form a simple device for alternating the feed of two different workpieces SORTING DEVICES In the simple device (A) the balls run down two inclined and slightly divergent rails The...
... it is stationary 121 Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 10:45 AM Page 122 FRICTION DEVICES FOR INTERMITTENT ROTARY MOTION Friction devices are free from such common disadvantages inherent in conventional ... twostop operations, and they have difficulty producing three stops per index Most two-stop indexing devices available are cam-operated, which means they require greater input angles for indexing Geared ... wheel is driven approximately 60º, and then it stops for the remaining 300º ROTARY-TO-RECIPROCATING DEVICES In a typical scotch yoke, a, the motion of the rotating input crank is translated into the...
... Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 11:45 AM Page 134 TWELVE EXPANDING AND CONTRACTING DEVICES Parallel bars, telescoping slides, and other devices that can spark answers to many design problems Figs and Expanding ... patent has been granted, and the linkage was applied to a camera to replace slides and telescoping devices Linkages, with their minimal pivot friction, serve many useful purposes in machinery, replacing ... plates) Other prior mechanisms relied on spring loading, differential multiple-point drives and other devices to reduce backlash In providing three-point drive along a track between the movable and...
... equals LA + LB 195 Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 12:25 PM Page 196 FOURTEEN ADJUSTING DEVICES Here is a selection of some basic devices that provide and hold mechanical adjustment Fig A spring-loaded pin ... spring rate can be easily varied, and it is not subject to permanent set Air springs are elastic devices that employ compressed air as the spring element They maintain a soft ride and a constant ... variations about a preFig determined level Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 12:25 PM Page 191 TWENTY SCREW DEVICES A threaded shaft and a nut plus some way to make one of these members rotate without translating...
... properly seated 216 Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 12:33 PM Page 217 EIGHT SNAP-ACTION DEVICES Another selection of basic devices for obtaining sudden motion after a gradual buildup of force Fig A torsion ... III come into toggle Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 12:33 PM Page 213 SIXTEEN LATCH, TOGGLE, AND TRIGGER DEVICES Diagrams of basic latching and quick-release mechanisms Fig Cam-guided latch (A) has one ... increasing load until friction is suddenly overcome This is a useful action for small sensitive devices where large forces and movements are undesirable This is the way we snap our fingers That...
... the entire cycle Housed in a lightweight, compact, cylindrical package, the sequencer requires no bulky ratchets, friction clutches, or camand-track followers Among its possible applications are ... logarithmic spiral gears shown in (A), are open-curved They are usually components in computing devices The elliptically shaped gears, shown in (B), are closed curved They are components in automatic...
... in the tape drive shown Fig Two dual-spring clutches are in this tape drive Spring clutches are devices for driving a load in one direction and uncoupling it when the output is overdriven or the ... forward speed Sclater Chapter 5/3/01 12:57 PM Page 311 SEVEN OVERRUNNING CLUTCHES These are simple devices that can be made inexpensively in the workshop Fig A lawnmower clutch Fig Molded sprags ... (20º in this case) into a one-way motion to advance an inking ribbon One of the simplest known devices was used to obtain the one-way drive—a spring clutch which is a helical spring joining two...
... small steam turbines 365 Sclater Chapter 10 5/3/01 1:08 PM Page 366 SPEED CONTROL DEVICES FOR MECHANISMS Friction devices, actuated by centrifugal force, automatically keep speed constant regardless ... control follows the summation of the errors in the material and the indicator itself The controlling devices, which are operated by the indicators, determine the degree of speed change required to ... will give a drag or tension that is reasonably constant over a wide speed range The other braking devices mentioned here will exert a torque that will vary widely with speed, but will be definite...
... indicator Capsules give improved linearity over bellows for such applications as pressure-measuring devices The force exerted by any capsule is equal to the total effective area of the diaphragms ... process pressure 381 Sclater Chapter 11 5/3/01 1:16 PM Page 382 DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMER SENSING DEVICES Gage pressure bellows transmitter The bellows is connected to a cantilever beam with a needle ... Sclater Chapter 11 5/3/01 1:16 PM Page 387 PERMANENT MAGNET MECHANISMS Fig A suspension Fig Tension devices Fig An instrument coupling Fig A reel brake Fig A crankcase oil drain plug Fig A non-rattling...
... in selected position); (2) overload devices in mechanical linkages (they shift to the opposite position when sufficiently loaded); and (3) energy-storage devices Two applications, shown in Fig ... 5/3/01 1:32 PM Page 437 Fig A four-slot geneva (A) and an eight-slot geneva (B) Both have locking devices Consider an external geneva wheel, shown in Fig 1, in which n = number of slots a = crank...
... microminiature motors, sensors, gear trains, valves, and other devices that easily fit on a silicon microchip, but difficulties in powering these devices has inhibited their practical applications MEMS ... commercial demand Initially ADI built these devices by interleaving, combining, and customizing its internal manufacturing processes to produce the micromechanical devices with the same processes it used ... the device and its specific application requirements However, the microscopic dimensions of the devices generally rule out current-induced magnetic forces such as those that drive conventional...
... loosening the screw 413 Sclater Chapter 12 5/3/01 1:25 PM Page 414 FRICTION CLAMPING DEVICES Many different devices for gaining mechanical advantage have been used in the design of friction clamps ... quickly released on demand is required Some suggested applications for this mechanism are in coupling devices for load-carrying carts or trucks, hooks or pick-up attachments for cranes, and quick-release ... 1:25 PM Page 416 DETENTS FOR STOPPING MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS Some of the more robust and practical devices for stopping mechanical movements are illustrated here Fixed holding power is constant in...