... and the wavelength = 0.3 m Imperfection in this simulation also comes fromthe finite element method used The smaller the mesh, the better the result, the longer the processing time In order to ... way to gain intuition about the bipolar coordinates It can also be related tothe Maxwell fish-eye, it helps us to imagine the trajectory of the light ray The stereographic projection maps the ... a line is adrawn the north pole theThe equator image is the point point where the found by drawing a line between a point (x, y) on the plane tersects the equatorial plane Top: three-dimensional...
... movement of the objective lens, which reflects the NFP The AFP can be approximated fromthe NFP using the paraxial approximation, the ratio of the refractive index of the sample tothe refractive ... dried tothe surface of the coverslip and surface of the slide to delineate the top and bottom of the sample in the image volumes Microsphere labeling Animal studies were conducted within the National ... diameter (FS02F, Bangs Laboratories, Inc., Fishers, IN, USA) were dried tothe surface of the coverslip and surface of the slide to delineate the top and bottom of the sample in the image volumes Immunofluorescence...
... results Principles An OTDR is used to measure the properties of an optical fiber An optical pulse is first generated in the OTDR and is coupled into the fiber Then the backscattered and reflected ... a photodiode at the input end as [11]: Pbackscattering ( x ) = v ⋅ s ⋅ f ⋅ c ⋅τ ⋅ P (0) ⋅ e −2α x (1) where x is the position relative to input end in the fiber, v the group velocity of the pulse, ... pulse, s the light-scattering coefficient, f the fraction of scattered light captured at the input end, c the coupling efficiency, τ the pulse width, α the attenuation coefficient While the output...
... the children in the group) In the 9-12-year-old group, the SE varied from -10.00 to +5.50 and peaked between +0.75 D and +1.00 (20.80%) In the 13-15-year-old group, the SE varied from -8.00 to ... Involving Human Subjects The study protocol was also approved by the local ethics committee The protocol adhered tothe provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki for research The Bureau of Education ... congenital ptosis [32, 33] can contribute to astigmatism [34] These findings support our inference We therefore conclude that near-work activity may be one of the factors contributing to astigmatism There...
... close tothe old, then the index of any given elliptic operator is preserved 3.3 Proof of the Invariance of the Index We have finally developed the machinery necessary to prove the main Theorem Theorem ... in the interior of Ω, is in Hs (B) The proofs of both of these Lemmas are rather technical The idea is to use powers of the operator ˆ Λs = [I − (2π)−2 ]s/2 f (ξ), and the fact that under the ... apply the AscoliArzela Theorem to conclude the same contradiction In either case the contradiction proves that the kernel of the elliptic operator is finite dimensional We now would like to prove...
... detector - The entrance window or cover over the front of the detector - The shielding to decrease the response of photons fromthe other locations fromthe desired source - The air between the ... source and detector The peak efficiency is simply the ratio of the peak counts tothe number of photons emitted by the source and it will depend on the photon energy and the source-detector-geometry ... detector Relating tothe physical dimensions of the above detector the thickness of the dead layer lying at the back of the detector crystal is still unknown Therefore, it is necessary to firstly...
... wishes that the victims of the disaster would rest in peace and for the fast recoveries fromthe destruction in the future It is expected that the issuance of the coins will give momentum tothe efforts ... efforts toward the renaissance of the country through recoveries based on mutual supports and solidarities of the people The following are the features of the Coins which will be given tothe bondholders ... as of the end of March 2012 Note2: Based on the result of the consultation tothe JGB Market Special Participants which takes place at the time of each auction, 60 issues from each of the above...
... element to be the host and another dopant If the tendency to be the host is equal for both constituent elements, we can take averaging the parameter m with respect tothe atomic mass proportion of the ... proportional tothe temperature T Therefore, at a given temperature T the quantity R defined by the ratio of the RMSF in atomic positions about the equilibrium lattice positions and the nearest ... one atom in the center of the bcc are localized in an elementary cell Hence, the total number of atoms in an elementary cell is Then if on average s is atomic number of type and (2 - s) is atomic...
... governs the vibration process between the host (H) and dopant (D) atoms In the case if dopant is taken fromthe material, i e., there is only vibration between host atoms, Eq (5) will change into the ... or by Al Here the mass of dopant Ni is close tothe one of Cu (host), then the forbidden zone is small, but the mass of dopant Al is more different fromthe one of Cu (host), then the forbidden ... and the mass of dopant atom Al is smaller than the one of Cu, then the amplitude changes of the atomic vibration of Cu are smaller than the one for Cu doped by Ni Fig 2a shows the calculated atomic...
... one atom in the lattice as an orgin, calculating its interaction with all the others in the crystal, and then multiplying by N / , where N is the total atomic number in the crystal Thus the total ... of the two atoms Since ϕ ( ro ) = − D , D is the disociation energy In order to obtain the potential energy of the whole crystal whose atoms are at rest, it is necessary to sum Eq (1) over the ... r j − ro ND∑ e − 2e j (2) Here r j is the distance fromthe origin tothe jth atom It is convenient to define the following quantities 1/ ND ; β = eα ro ; rj = m + n2 +...
... expansion as in the original FMM This process is totally done on the host computer The M2L conversion stage is done on GRAPE Difference fromthe original FMM is that we not use the formula to convert ... (ri, θi , φi) are the charges and positions of the particles, and * denotes the complex conjugate In order to reproduce the expansion Φ(r) up to p-th order, the charges Qj and the positions Rj ... si · r/r All the calculation at this stage is done on the host computer With the modification to original FMM described above, we have succeeded to put the bottleneck, namely, the M2L conversion...
... indexed tothe CPI and there have been few complaints Another solution adopted by the United Kingdom is to allow investors to redeem their bonds prior to maturity if a rebasing reduces the payments ... extracted fromthe bonds, but only if the tax treatment effectively restricts the demand for the bonds to a narrow sector of investors Finally, the Treasury could design indexed bonds to maximize ... Consequently, the inflation risk premium disappears If this is indeed the case, then there would be two sources of savings tothe Treasury from issuing indexed bonds The first is the savings on the indexed...
... corresponds tothe interpretation of the derives relation relative tothe behavior of the stack of indices In IGs the stacks of indices are distributed over the non-terminals of the righthand side of the ... of the formalism It is a standard change in PDAs (cf (Harrison, 1978)) to allow to push/pop several symbols fromthe stack Also the symbols will be interpreted relative tothe elements in the top ... explicit that operation on the stack is associated tothe production and neither to terminals nor to non-terminals It also makes explicit that the operations are associated tothe computation of a...
... all the atoms: T= m 3N kB N vi,k (5) i=1 k=1 where N is the total number of atoms, kB is the Boltzmann constant, and m is the mass of the atom k represents the spatial coordinate, and vi,k is the ... j
... converted into heat Along the circuit, fromthe generator tothe receiver circuit, the flow of energy steadily decreases by the amount consumed in the conductor, and a power gradient exists in the circuit ... right angles with each other: The electromagnetic axis, concentric with the conductor The electrostatic axis, radial tothe conductor The power gradient, parallel tothe conductor This lines of is ... Neither the power consumption in the conductor, nor the electromagnetic field, nor the electrostatic field,, are proportional tothe flow of energy through the circuit The product, however, of the...
... on the synthetic futures are the weighted average of returns on the FTSE-100 and Mid250 contracts, with the weights attached tothe two contracts varying from : ¡1 to ¡1 : Weights always sum to ... the Mid250 contract and to whether this contract provides market participants with another important means by which to hedge stock portfolio risk Finally, consideration needs to be given tothe ... hedge ratio changes from 0.803 to 0.810 and the level of risk reduction falls from 72.875% to 72.864% For the cross hedges involving the FTSE 100 contract, the diŒ erences between the MVHR and LTSHR...
... Thus, we have proven the following theorem Theorem If conditions (a) and (b) are satisfied, then the positive eigenvalues λn = s2 of the problem (1)-(5) have the (32) asymptotic representation ... Thus, we have proven the following theorem Theorem If conditions (a) and (b) are satisfied, then the eigenfunctions un(x) of the problem (1)-(5) have the following asymptotic representation for ... (11) By the same procedure from equality (5), we can derive that w2 π , λ = (12) ˜ Fromthe fact that w2 (x, λ) is a solution of the differential equation (1) on [ π , π ] and satisfies the initial...
... different tothe values used in the synthesis The results for the different methods facing both noise types are shown in Figure 1, and the discussion below is first centered in the AWGN and later in the ... According to (26), K will be a positive number ranging from one (in the no-shimmer case, being all equal) to N when a single pulse is a lot greater than all the others The latter situation is not the ... aligned with the adjacent pulse, and the correlation should be lower The evaluation of the influence of jitter (as well of other levels of noise and their combinations) in the performance of the PDA...
... applicability The first score is able to put forward the acuteness of the AMI, which in turn helps the decision on the therapy to be used and to establish prognosis on the evolution of the patient ... injured by the AMI On the other hand, since the ST elevation/depression is related tothe ischemic process without necrosis, the Aldrich score may be considered as an estimator of the myocardial ... point tothe subsequent P point Then the baseline is traced as the horizontal line that passes through the midpoint connecting the two preview ones, according to Pmy = Ty − Py , (1) where T y is the...