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... Guide Chapter 1: General Information 1: General Information Introduction Asian 2003 is a software program for the Next Generation Information System (NGIS) tool. With the software installed in the ... enter new information for a vehicle, go to step 4 and then step 6. ã To reuse saved information for a vehicle already tested go to step 5 and then step 6. 4 To enter new information for a vehicle, ... (see Figure 3.2 on page 16). 4 Software Description Asian 2003 User Guide Software Description Software Installation Before using the Asian 2003 software, the software must be installed in the...

... that this means free as in free speech, not free beer’. Free software is not about money, but about principles. The four principles of freedom include: the freedom to use, the freedom to redistribute ... goal is to mobilise people to use free software and to refrain totally from using non -free software. Stallman’s advocacy work is based on a strong moral appeal. Free 45 Will the revolution be open-sourced? ... society. “The conventional view of software development therefore denies the link between software and culture as something that exists before the result. Software is understood as facilitating...

... 0‐12* *≥50%ofaudiencemustbechildren;**≥35%ofaudiencemustbechildren;***≥30%ofaudiencemustbe children.****≥25%ofaudiencemustbechildren.~unlessanadultispresent.~~unlessadults predominate. + ≥35% for someshowsand≥50% for others. ++ 11 for printmedia,otherwise12.   Whichproductscanbepromoted?  IntheUSAalargenumberofcompany‐promotedmodelshavebeenproposed for defining thenutritionalcriteria for foodstobemarketedtochildren 21 andasimilarproblemhas ariseninEurope.Thenexttablegivesexamplesofnutrientmethods for definingfoodsas suitable for marketingtochildren,asproposedbysomeofthecompaniesintheEUpledge:  Table2Company‐setcriteria for foodstheycanmarkettochildren Company ...  TheStanMarkprojectbringstogetherresearchersandpolicy‐makerstodevelopasetofstandards for marketingfoodsandbeveragesconsistentwiththeresolutionoftheWorldHealthAssembly.  Objectives ConveneaseriesofmeetingsinEuropeandtheUSAtobringtogetherkeymembersofthescientific researchcommunityandpolicy‐makingcommunitytoconsiderhowmarketingfoodandbeverages mayaffectchildren’shealth. Identifycurrent‘bestpractice’approachestothecontrolofmarketing,includingmeasuresnot specificallyaddressingfood andbeveragemarketing,ornotspecificallydirectedtotheprotectionof children. Exploretheuseofstandardsandmarketingcodestoinfluencecommercialactivity,including standardsfromotherindustrialsectors. Proposeasetofstandardstoformthebasis for across‐bordercodeofmarketingoffoodsand beverages. Developweb‐basedresources for policydevelopmentconcerningfoodandbeveragemarketingto childrenandrelatedmaterialstosupportpolicydevelopment.  Projectpartners  ... 5  bordermarketing,usinginternet,satellite,andproductplacementinimportedprogrammes, isnotamenabletocontrolbyasinglejurisdiction.  Inresponsetopublicconcern,civilsocietyorganisationshaveproposedstandardswhich wouldapplytocommercialoperatorsinallcountriesandtherebyprotectchildrenwhether ornotthelocalregulatoryenvironmentwasabletodoso.Suchstandardswouldhave considerablemoralauthorityandwouldactasa‘soft’regulatoryprocessakintotheforms ofgovernanceknowninEuropeastheOpenMethodofCoordination,i.e.theyrelyon identificationofgoodandbadpracticesandpublicitytoencouragehighstandards.  InMay2010the63 rd WorldHealthAssemblyof193governmentsendorsedasetof recommendationsonmarketingoffoodsandnon‐alcoholicbeveragestochildrenandcalled for internationalactiontoreducetheimpactonchildrenofthemarketingoffoodsor beverageshighinsaturatedortransfats, free sugarsorsalt(HSTFSS). 20 The recommendationsformedpartoftheWorldHealthOrganization’sglobalstrategy for the preventionandcontrolofnon‐communicablediseases.TheAssemblyurgedmember nationstotakeactiontoreduceboththeexposureofchildrento,andthepowerof, marketing for suchfoods.  However,nationalgovernmentsmaynotbeabletocontrolallthemarketingpracticesthat influenceachild’sdiet.MarketingopportunitiesarisewhenTVchannelsarereceivedfrom sourcesoutsidenationalboundaries,whenInternetaccessislargelyunmediated,when sponsoredsportingeventsaretransmittedglobally,andwhenfilmsandvideogamesare tradedacrossnationalborders.Itfollowsthatasetofuniversalstandardscanhelpto ensurethatthemarketingofHSTFSSproductscanfullycomplywiththeWorldHealth Assembly’srecommendations.  Universalmarketingstandardshavefurtherbenefits.Restrictedmarketingcanserveto equalisethecompetitiveenvironment for companiesofdifferentsizes.Froman enforcementviewpoint,aset ofuniversalstandardscansupportnationalauthorities,the privatesectorandcivilsocietytoensurecomplianceandtorespondtoinfringements. Further,wherenationalauthoritiesdonothavethecapacitytoensurechildrenand adolescentsareprotectedfromlocalorcross‐bordermarketingoffoodsandbeverages,a setofinternationally‐agreedstandardscanensureacommon,minimumlevelofprotection for youngpeopleinallnations.    20 WHO,2010.63 rd WorldHealthAssembly.http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA63/A63_R14‐ en.pdf.Seealsohttp://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/recsmarketing/en/index.html ...

... client then calls the servers for pa- rameters to perform synchronous multi-stack search for each sentence to get the N-best list parse trees. Again, the expected count for a particular parameter of ... language models for statistical machine transla- tion. MT Summit IX., Intl. Assoc. for Machine Trans- lation. C. Chelba and F. Jelinek. 1998. Exploiting syntactic structure for language modeling. The ... the training corpus D. For the WORD- PREDICTOR and the SEMANTIZER, the number of possible semantic annotation sequences is expo- nential, we use forward-backward recursive formu- las that are similar...

... models in machine translation. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 858–867. P. Chang, M. Galley, and C. Manning. 2008. Optimiz- ing Chinese word segmentation for machine transla- tion performance. ... 2004. A smor- gasbord of features for statistical machine transla- tion. In Proceedings of HLT-NAACL. F. Och. 2003. Minimum error rate training for statisti- cal machine translation. In Proc. of ... Chinese syntactic reordering for statistical machine transla- tion. In Proc. of EMNLP-CoNLL, pages 737–745. D. Wu. 1996. A polynomial-time algorithm for statis- tical machine translation. In Proc....

... chain, it is relatively easy for the system to identify the verb-object collocation break-record. 5 Conclusion Demand for terminological tools for readers of material in a foreign language, either ... L stands for the possibly empty list of left constituents, X for the (possibly empty) head of the phrase and R for the (possibly empty) list of right constituents. The possible values for X are ... position the cursor on the specific word for which help is requested, or navigate word by word in the sentence. ã For each word, the system retrieves from the tagged information the relevant lexeme and consults...

... Association for Computational Linguistics A Discriminative Syntactic Word Order Model for Machine Translation Pi-Chuan Chang ∗ Computer Science Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 pichuan@stanford.edu Kristina ... model for machine translation which makes use of both syntactic and surface information. The framework for our statistical model is as fol- lows. We assume the existence of a dependency tree for ... error were 4% for Per- mutations and 2% for TargetProjective, computed on reference sentences. We compare the performance in BLEU of orders selected from both spaces. We evaluate the perfor- mance...

... integer variable for each pair of hotels Fast Decoding and Optimal Decoding for Machine Translation Ulrich Germann , Michael Jahr , Kevin Knight , Daniel Marcu , and Kenji Yamada Information Sciences ... Computer Science University of Southern California Stanford University 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 1001 Stanford, CA 94305 Marina del Rey, CA 90292 jahr@cs.stanford.edu germann,knight,marcu,kyamada @isi.edu Abstract A ... before returning to the start. how to express MT decoding (Model 4 plus En- glish bigrams) in IP format. We first create a salesman graph like the one in Figure 3. To do this, we set up a city for...

... significant almost all training conditions for both languages; BLEU improvements are significant in all conditions for Finnish and for the two smallest training sets for German. The effect on the overall ... applied before training and after gener- ating the output in the target language. Normaliza- tion of English/German inflectional morphology to base forms for the purpose of word alignment is performed ... (Zitouni et al., 2003) for language modeling and by (Gildea, 2001) for semantic role labeling. (Resnik et al., 2001) used backoff trans- lation lexicons for cross-language information re- trieval....

... issue in machine translation. In this paper we describe a technical solution for the issue, and reSent the performance evaluation of a machine trans- tion system on telegraphic messages before ... most likely tag for each word is assigned, contextual transformations are used to improve the accuracy. We have evaluated the tagger performance on the TEST Data both before and after training ... experiment. For this experiment, the subjects were asked to study a number of MUC- II sentences, and create about 20 MUC-II-like sentences. These 121 Ambiguity Resolution for Machine Translation...

... high yields in vivo are also suitable for efficient production by cell -free synthesis. In order to compensate for the increased effort and expense required for the produc- tion and selective isotope ... [ 15 N]-labelled proteins makes it an attractive tool for preliminary studies prior to the production of uniformly [ 15 N ⁄ 13 C]- labelled samples for in-depth NMR analysis. Much information can be gleaned already ... [ 15 N]-labelling achieved by cell -free pro- tein synthesis has been demonstrated for each of the 19 nonproline residues [18]. Time and expense can be drastically reduced by use of cell -free systems [11,18,21],...

... 10 Edmundson and Hays Word: a form that represents a set of forms differing only in inflection. For example, "great" and "greater" are forms of the same word, while "great* ... used here was designed for convenient machine printing. 2. H.P. Edmundson, D.G. Hays, E.K.Renner, and R.I.Sutton, "Studies in Machine Translation — 4: Manual for Pre-editing Russian ... marks before and after the occurrence, and the Russian form of the oc- currence. In order to record all of the information needed in translation and analysis, two cards are required for each...

... Association for Computational Linguistics Discriminative Modeling of Extraction Sets for Machine Translation John DeNero and Dan Klein Computer Science Division University of California, Berkeley {denero,klein}@cs.berkeley.edu Abstract We ... model outperforms both un- supervised and supervised word aligners at pre- dicting word alignments and extraction sets. We also demonstrate that extraction sets are useful for end-to-end machine ... are useful for training alignment models (Fraser and Marcu, 2006; Fraser and Marcu, 2007). The ITG gram- mar formalism, the corresponding word alignment class, and inference procedures for the class...

... Semantic Roles (Gimenez and Marquez, 2007) proposed using deeper linguistic information to evaluate MT per- formance. For evaluation in the ACL-07 MT work- shop, the authors used the metric which ... overlaps SR-O r -t for all the different se- mantic roles t that are found in the system and ref- erence translation sentence. A uniform average of the counts is then taken as the score for the sen- tence ... sentences for Europarl and 2,007 English sentences for News Commentary) and their translations in various lan- guages. As part of the workshop, correlations of the automatic metrics were measured for...

... N for i = 1; i ≤ M; i = i +1 do for j = 1; j ≤ N; j = j +1 do for k = 1; k ≤ i; k = k +1 do for m = 1; m ≤ j; m = m +1 do score i,j,k,m = max{score i−1,j,k,m ,score i,j−1,k,m } ; end for end for score i,j,i,j = max n=1,M;p=1,N {score i,j,i,j , ... |ref|; for i = 1; i ≤ M; i = i +1 do for j = 1; j ≤ N; j = j +1 do for k = 1; k ≤ i; k = k +1 do for m = 1; m ≤ j; m = m +1 do score i,j,k,m = max{score i−1,j,k,m , score i,j−1,k,m }; end for end for if ... Daniel Gildea. 2005. Syntactic fea- tures for evaluation of machine translation. In ACL 2005 Workshop on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evalua- tion Measures for Machine Translation and/or Sum- marization. Bo...