... torque control 1133 D.C. motor drive control 114Flux controller 114Torque controller 115Performance and applications 1164 Analysis of and set up of a speed controller 116Ideal speed controller ... terms 1014 Drive control 1031 General 103The ideal control system 103Open-loop control 103Closed-loop control 104Criteria for assessing the performance of aclosed-loop control system 1042 ... 194Data model 194Media access control 194 Error handling 195Conclusions 195Application layer 195Device profile 1953 Simple fieldbus systems 196Modbus 196 Control Techniques& apos; protocol 1964...
... this scope.In addition, we presented the main solutions for errorcontrol in unicast environments. Wepresented important errorcontroltechniques operating at the DLL, since all transport protocolsthat ... orduplicated segments. Errorcontrol in TCP is achieved by using a version of the Automatic RepeatreQuest (ARQ) errorcontrol protocols operating at DLL and it involves both error detection andretransmission ... delivered data is in order, without error and without any segment lost or duplicated. Reliability in TCP is obtained by using error control mechanisms, which may include techniques for detecting corrupted,...
... (PLL) control or by a feedforward action operatingon the control thresholds [29]–[31]. Fig. 3 shows the sim-plified scheme of the implementation of such a controller.As can be seen, the controller ... currentiSspectrum.niques for active filter applications. All the techniques, hys-teresis control, deadbeat control, and linear rotating frame control were considered, including the latest improvementsbrought ... in the controltechniques result in rathersatisfactory performance levels for all three controllers. How-ever, the results of the comparison show a certain superiorityof the hysteresis control. ...
... Block scheme of FL controller, (b) control surface of con-ventional PI controller, (c) control surface of FL controller; comparison ofcurrent-tracking performance with PI and FL controller: (d) ... those of bang-bangcontrollers.C. State Feedback ControllerThe conventional PI compensators in the current error com-pensation part can be replaced by a state feedback controllerworking in ... arethe FL controller input crisp values. The reference voltage forthe PWM modulator are the FL-CC crisp output commandsWhen an FL controller is used as a current controller, thetracking error...
... Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.2-24switch Pitfalls/Tip♦Forgetting the break;♦No compiler error ♦Execution simply "falls thru" other cases until break; ♦Biggest use: MENUs♦Provides...
... xiiiISECTION ESSENTIALS OF CONTROLTECHNIQUES WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW 1 Introduction: Control in a Nutshell; History, Theory, Art, and Practice 31.1 e Origins of Control 31.2 Early Days of ... J. (John)Essentials of controltechniques and theory / John Billingsley.p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 978-1-4200-9123-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)1. Automatic control. 2. Control theory. I. Title.TJ223.M53B544 ... 10/12/09 1:40:45 PMEssentials of Control Techniques and Theory91239.indb 1 10/12/09 1:40:29 PMThis page intentionally left blank 6 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theorya small sinusoidal...
... 10/12/09 1:42:34 PM78 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theory7.2 Sine-Wave FundamentalsSine-waves and allied signals are the tools of the trade of classical control. ey can be represented ... in control will always be obliged to cover these aspects, although many engineering design tasks will benefit from a broader view.91239.indb 77 10/12/09 1:42:21 PM70 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques ... powerful tool for the design of high performance position control systems. e motor drive might be pro-portional to the position error for small errors, but to achieve accuracy the drive must approach...
... feedback coefficients must be positive.Since position control on its own would require large negative values, a controller based on position control of the trolley is going in entirely the wrong ... Discrete Time Systems and Computer Control 8.1 Introductionere is a belief that discrete time control is somehow more difficult to understand than continuous control. It is true that a complicated ... first let us look at discrete time control in general.When dedicated to a real-time control task, a computer measures a number of system variables, computes a control action, and applies a corrective...
... salt.91239.indb 129 10/12/09 1:43:51 PMIIESSENTIALS OF CONTROL THEORY—WHAT YOU OUGHT TO KNOW91239.indb 131 10/12/09 1:43:51 PM142 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and TheoryIntegrating by parts, ... tou=c*(x-command)+d*vest+e*tiltsens+f*trate;91239.indb 125 10/12/09 1:43:49 PM128 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theoryrear wheel perpendicular to the line, while the “tilt” equations for falling ... definitionsvar vlim=.5;var vdem=0;91239.indb 128 10/12/09 1:43:50 PM122 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theory<div id="trolley"style="position: absolute; left: 400;...
... k+–1s(s+1)OutputpositionPositiondemand Error Figure 12.1 Position control with variable feedback.91239.indb 166 10/12/09 1:44:49 PM148 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theoryfavorite. Soon ... www.esscont.com/11/ladderfreq.htm and www.esscont.com/11/ladder.htm)91239.indb 155 10/12/09 1:44:33 PM156 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theoryimplying from the theory of complex functions that s leaves the corresponding ... frequency plane “return semicircle” added.91239.indb 161 10/12/09 1:44:44 PM170 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theoryvar ds=.04;var segmid=[0,0];var dgain=[0,0];var oldgain=[0,0];var...
... Figure 16.7: 1. Controllable and observable 2. Controllable but not observableControllable andobservableControllable butnot observableObservable butnot controllableNeithercontrollablenor ... of ControlTechniques and Theory 3. Observable but not controllable 4. Neither controllable not observableClearly any system model built to represent a transfer function must be both controllable ... en there is no way in which those variables can be controlled. Such variables are “uncontrollable.”If the poles associated with all the uncontrollable variables are stable, then the system...
... 10/12/09 1:46:54 PM244 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theoryand added a controller with state z, where zKzLyMv=++We apply signals from the controller dynamics, the command input ... BAB[]=−0112which has rank 2. e system is controllable.Q 16.6.2Is this system also controllable? xx=−−+−011211uQ 16.6.3Is this third system controllable? xx=−−+011210uQ ... settling—the sort of system that does not really need feedback control! 91239.indb 233 10/12/09 1:46:33 PM230 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and TheoryNow AB =−−=−01120112so...
... PM276 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theory wzz=−+211τfrom which zww=+−22ττand finally the z-plane poles and zeros of the controller enable the controller code to ... quantization errors.If a controller outputs a position demand to an analog position control subsystem, the command might require a great number of levels to define the target 01Figure 20.2 Control ... continuous control, discrete time control opens up some extra possibilities. In Section 8.8, we considered a motor system. With feedback, the sequence of values of the position error died away...
... encoding a control lever. is error is outside the loop and therefore nothing can be done about it. e target will be the signal as interpreted by the control electronics. N2: An error in measuring ... ultimate value of the error. V(s)Y(s)G(s)H(s)U(s)F(s)–N(s)Figure 21.2 Control loop with disturbance noise.91239.indb 291 10/12/09 1:48:22 PM308 ◾ Essentials of ControlTechniques and Theory22.5 ... single integration. Integral control is a method open to a simple analog controller. When the con-troller is digital, many more sophisticated techniques are available. e controller can be “aware”...