fibre optic power transmission lines
Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P1 doc
Ngày tải lên :
24/12/2013, 01:16
... Calculate the transmission distance over which the optical power will attenuate
by a factor of 10 for three fibers with losses of 0.2, 20, and 2000 dB/km. Assum-
ing that the optical power decreases ... of an optical transmitter is to convert the electrical signal into optical form and
to launch the resulting optical signal into the optical fiber. Figure 1.11 shows the block
diagram of an optical ... Gb/s. Chapter 3 is devoted to a complete description of optical
transmitters.
1.4.3 Optical Receivers
An optical receiver converts the optical signal received at the output end of the opti-
cal...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P2 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
24/12/2013, 01:16
... loss mechanisms in optical fibers.
2.5.1 Attenuation Coefficient
Under quite general conditions, changes in the average optical power P of a bit stream
propagating inside an optical fiber are governed ... used in the optical
domain. It can also be used for wavelength conversion. FWM in optical fibers is some-
times used for generating a spectrally inverted signal through the process of optical
phase ... fiber -optic communications.
Several books devoted entirely to optical fibers cover numerous advances made in their
design and understanding [12]–[21]. This chapter focuses on the role of optical...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P3 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
24/12/2013, 01:16
... 3. OPTICAL TRANSMITTERS
acts as a bandpass filter of bandwidth Ω
R
to spontaneous-emission fluctuations. At
a given frequency, RIN decreases with an increase in the laser power as P
−3
at low
powers, ... from the standpoint of their application in optical
communication systems [20].
3.2.1 Power Current Characteristics
It is easy to estimate the internal power generated by spontaneous emission. At ... noise. From Eq. (3.5.30), SNR =[C
pp
(0)]
−1/2
. At power levels above a few
milliwatts, the SNR exceeds 20 dB and improves linearly with the power as
SNR =
ε
NL
R
sp
τ
p
1/2
¯
P. (3.5.33)
The...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P4 doc
Ngày tải lên :
24/12/2013, 01:16
... the
average optical power received. The average optical power corresponding to a BER
of 10
−9
is a measure of receiver sensitivity. Figure 4.23 shows the receiver sensitivity
measured in various transmission ... the
noise added at optical amplifiers. The minimum average optical power required by the
receiver increases because of such nonideal conditions. This increase in the average
received power is referred ... to as the power penalty. In this section we focus on the
sources of power penalties that can lead to sensitivity degradation even without signal
transmission through the fiber. The transmission- related...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P5 doc
Ngày tải lên :
24/12/2013, 01:16
... cable carries the multichannel optical
signal throughout the area of service. Distribution is done by using optical taps, which
divert a small fraction of the optical power to each subscriber. A ... the optical pulse remains Gaussian,
but its peak power is reduced by a pulse-broadening factor given by Eq. (2.4.17). If we
define the power penalty
δ
d
as the increase (in dB) in the received power ... uses an optical bus to distribute the signal to 10 users.
Each optical tap couples 10% of the power to the user and has 1-dB insertion
loss. Assuming that the station 1 transmits 1 mW of power...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P6 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
21/01/2014, 06:20
... cascaded chain of
optical amplifiers.
6.5.1 Optical Preamplification
Optical amplifiers are routinely used for improving the sensitivity of optical receivers
by preamplifying the optical signal before ... the gain,
ω
is the optical frequency of the incident signal,
ω
0
is the atomic transition frequency, and P is the optical power of the signal being
amplified. The saturation power P
s
depends on ... (6.1.15),
246
CHAPTER 6. OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS
Figure 6.12: Variation of amplifier gain G
0
with pump power P
0
in a 1.3-km-long Raman am-
plifier for three values of the input power. Solid lines show the theoretical...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P7 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
21/01/2014, 06:20
... technique, a power splitter at the receiver splits the received
optical signal into several branches. Fiber -optic delay lines introduce variable delays
in different branches. The optical signal ... DCF provides an all-optical technique
that is capable of compensating the fiber GVD completely if the average optical power
is kept low enough that the nonlinear effects inside optical fibers are ... Management
It should be clear from Chapter 6 that with the advent of optical amplifiers, fiber losses
are no longer a major limiting factor for optical communication systems. Indeed, mod-
ern lightwave systems...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P8 docx
Ngày tải lên :
21/01/2014, 06:20
... signal is in the electric form for electro -optic
demultiplexing but consists of an optical pulse train for all-optical demultiplexing.
The electro -optic technique uses several MZ-type LiNbO
3
modulators ... case in which a tunable optical filter is used to select a single channel
among the N channels incident on it. If the optical filter is set to pass the mth channel,
the optical power reaching the photodetector ... considerable power in the FWM component, especially at high
channel powers. In the case of equal channel powers, P
F
increases as P
3
ch
. This cubic
dependence of the FWM component limits the channel powers...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P9 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
21/01/2014, 06:20
... curves
show the contribution of the Gordon–Haus jitter alone. Optical filters help in reducing
both types of timing jitter and permit transmission of 10-Gb/s solitons over more than
20 Mm. In the ... semiconductor laser, followed by an optical bandpass filter [52].
Phase modulation generates frequency modulation (FM) sidebands on both sides of the
carrier frequency, and the optical filter selects the ... stream in the NRZ
format, to convert the CW output of a DFB laser into an optical bit stream in the RZ
format [53]. Although optical pulses launched from such transmitters typically do not
have the...
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Tài liệu Fibre optic communication systems P10 ppt
Ngày tải lên :
21/01/2014, 06:20
... loss is equivalent
to a 3-dB power penalty. Balanced receivers use all of the signal power and avoid
this power penalty. At the same time, all of the local-oscillator power is used by the
balanced ... local-oscillator power is used effec-
tively. A single-port receiver such as that shown in Fig. 10.1 rejects half of the signal
power P
s
(and half of P
LO
) during the mixing process. This power loss ... seen by the detector (as the detector responds only
to the optical power) and are not of major concern except for the chirp-induced power
penalty discussed in Section 5.4.4. The situation is...
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Tài liệu Power Transmission and Distribution docx
Ngày tải lên :
18/02/2014, 22:20
... J.
Power transmission and distribution/Anthony J. Pansini 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN: 0-88173-503-5 (print) — 0-88173-504-3 (electronic)
1. Electric power transmission. 2. Electric power ... apparent power. From
Figure 1-5
Power factor =
wa
tt
s
EI
= cos
θ
where E = effective voltage, I = effective current, and
θ
is their angular
displacement in phase.
Figure 1 -5. Power Factor
A power ... distribution (and transmission)
system which is dependent on current capacity. For the same current
and the same voltage, the power delivered is directly proportional to the
power factor.
Balance
On...
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- 1
Karady, George G. “Transmission System” The Electric Power Engineering Handbook Ed. L.L. Grigsby doc
Ngày tải lên :
05/03/2014, 16:20
... CRC Press LLC
Sub -Transmission Lines
Typical sub -transmission lines interconnect the high-voltage substations with distribution stations within
a city. The voltage of the subtransmission system ... maximum
length of sub -transmission lines is in the range of 50–60 miles. Most subtransmission lines are located
along streets and alleys. Figure 4.8 shows a typical sub -transmission system.
This ... two lines. This assures that the outage of a single line does not cause loss of power to any customer.
For example, the Aqua Fria generating station (marked: Power plant) has three outgoing lines. ...
- 104
- 3.3K
- 0
- power point
- power point
- power windows
- mechanicals power trainand structures
- automatic transmission
- fiberoptic transmission lines
- fiber optic high voltage transmission lines
- fiber optic transmission lines
- fibre optic transmission lines
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