... underlying shocks in the
economy, etc.
6
Using the data of twelve Asia Pacific countries, we find the following stylized facts of
business cycles. First, business cycles in the five Asian ... synchronization in the region. We examine
the following twelve countries in the Asia Pacific region: five Asian crisis countries (Indonesia,
Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand), China, Singapore, ... Regarding financial
activity, a substantial amount of the international capital (in the forms of foreign direct investment, equity
and bond financing and syndicated loans) financing China’s...
... intracoronary nitroglycerin (0.1 to 0.2 mg) to
achieve maximal vasodilatation before undergoing
their initial and final angiograms. The glycoprotein
IIb/IIIa inhibitor (Tirofiban) was administered ... lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myo-
cardial infarction; SAP, stable angina pectoris; USAP, unstable
angina pectoris.
a
Indicates patients who received zotarolimus-eluting stents. ... Paclitax-
el-eluting stent in unselected Turkish patients.
Abbreviations
ACC: American College of Cardiology; AHA:
American Heart Association; CABG: coronary artery
binding graft; CK: creatine kinase;...
... with the accumulation of
clinical experiences, drug-eluting stents increasingly
have been used for more complex lesions involving
the left main coronary artery,
3
in- stent restenosis,
4
... lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MI, myocardial infarc-
tion; SAP, stable angina pectoris; USAP, unstable angina pectoris.
a
Indicates patients who received sirolimus-eluting stents. ...
significant.
RESULTS
Baseline clinical, angiographic, and lesion cha-
racteristics are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The baseline
clinical or demographic characteristics indicated no
statistically...
...
Half of these 600m livestock keepers live in
Asia
Also, many millions off-farm jobs created
along the supply chain (trading, processing,
retailing)
Between 4-17 off-farm jobs created ... 50
Livestock in a changing world
Genetics and breeding
Feed resources and Utilization
Human resource
International trading
20
Role of livestock
ã
Livestocks
critical role in
nutrition ... of rural households owning livestock,
by expenditure quintile. (FAO, 2009)
27
Global livestock population and production
(steinfeld et al., 2006)
46
Production of ruminant meat (1000 ton/year)
FAO...
... banking. While many prominent Filipinos have Chinese ances-
try, there is considerable hostility toward the Chinese dominance of
business.
Arab traders introduced Islam to the Philippines in ... Filipinos do not arrange themselves in neat lines.
Instead, they form a pushing, shoving crowd, with each person
out for him- or herself. e only times that Filipinos have queued
in neat lines ... president Ferdinand E. Marcos.
●
3
TIPS ON DOING BUSINESS IN THE PHILIPPINES
●
Titles are important to Filipinos—so important that many employees
are rewarded with impressive-sounding titles...
... state-owned)
ROA Earnings Net income/Total average assets
NINI_REV Earnings Net interest income/Total revenues (Total revenues
= Net interest income + Non interest income (before
deducting non interest costs))
LOANS_BORRO
WING
Liquidity ... 80% and 100%. In terms of number of nonbank financial institutions, our
coverage is 4.0% in Indonesia, 81% in Korea, 54.9% in Malaysia, 27.5% in Thailand and
5.3% in the Philippines. In terms of ... generation of financial early warning systems aimed to build screening
devices to help in scheduling bank examinations by flagging as early as possible those
institutions in (or approaching) financial...
... Filipino employee, do it calmly and
in private.
Business Entertaining
●
Food is vitally important in Filipino culture. Social occasions
always involve food. In reality, the standard Pilipino ...
yours).
●
Business cards may be printed in English; it is not necessary to
translate them into Pilipino. e exchange of business cards is
more casual than in other parts of Asia; a Filipino businessperson ... Filipino business partners oen at social situa-
tions. Never decline an invitation to a social event.
●
When you interrupt Filipinos during a meal, they are obliged to
ask you to join in. is...
... Philippines,
that nger is pointed at the person or thing being insulted.
●
Since pointing can easily be taken for an insulting gesture, Filipinos
rarely indicate objects or directions by pointing ... appropriate gis in the Philippines,
visit www.kissboworshakehands.com.
110
Singapore
Republic of Singapore
Cultural Note
Singapore remains a booming center of capitalism in Southeast Asia. It is ... weapons, no jaywalking, no spitting, and no
smoking in most public places. There is speculation that some of these stringent laws will ease
in the future, but to date, they are unfailingly enforced.
●
3
...
... yours).
●
Unwavering civility is the single most important attribute for suc-
cessful relationships in Singapore. However, diplomacy in no way
hinders the determination of Singaporean businesspeople ... among
the dominant Chinese against the Malays and the Indians. ere are
clearly dierentiated sex roles in society, but gender equality is creep-
ing in. Men still dominate in most public situations.
Cultural ... way.
●
People in Singapore may smile or laugh in situations that West-
erners consider inappropriate. Smiles may hide embarrassment,
Singapore
117
●
e traditional Indian greeting involves a...
... no famine in South
Korea in decades, the memory of it is still present—and famine is still endemic in North
Korea.
●
3
BUSINESS PRACTICES
Punctuality, Appointments, and Local Time
●
Business ...
missionaries. Instead, a Korean scholar studying in Beijing was
baptized a Catholic in 1777. It was this scholar, on his return, who
introduced Catholicism to Korea. Protestantism gained a foothold in ... next-highest-
ranking person, and so on. e Koreans will be lined up inside in
order of importance.
●
English is the most widely studied foreign language. Your business
meetings can be conducted in English....
... discussing
business for the day.
●
Bow at the beginning and end of a meeting. An exit bow that is
longer than the greeting bow is an indication that the meeting
went well.
●
Avoid being loud ... companies.
Information that should be proprietorial tends to leak during these drinking sessions. Volvo is
not the only foreign firm to have had problems in this arena.
Business Entertaining
●
e ... squint of the eyes or by tipping the
head back while drawing air in through the teeth and waiting for
you to speak again.
South Korea
135
134
Kiss, Bow, or Shake Hands: Asia
Negotiating
●
At...
... historically a main reason for segregating interaction between castes.
The Sri Lankan View
When Buddhism went into decline in India, Sri Lanka emerged as
a Buddhist stronghold insouthern Asia. e majority ... the remaining citizenry,
approximately 20 percent are Hindu, with the remaining being
Christians and Muslims.
Buddhism is a strongly held belief system, which can be inter-
preted in various ... demands,
including giving ocial status to the Tamil language. But the militant
troops backed out on their agreement to surrender to the Indian
peacekeeping force. e ghting continued, and Indian...
... insurance industry has gotten
around this reluctance by speaking of insurance as if it were a bet
(many Taiwanese love gambling). A life insurance salesperson
will explain a policy by saying, ... sensitive to their viewpoints about the disaster, but refrain
from oering your opinions on rebuilding, international aid, etc.
●
3
PROTOCOL
Greetings
●
e traditional greeting is to place your ... Taiwan from mainland China began in .. 500.
Dutch traders claimed the island as a base for their trade in 1624
and administered it until 1661. In 1664, loyalists from the Ming
dynasty ed...
... rst person,
“I,” Chinese will point to their noses to indicate the same thing.
Gifts
●
Gi giving is oen practiced within a business setting. Good gis
for a rst trip include items with small ... counterpart is late.
●
Evening entertainment is an important part of doing business in
Taiwan, so expect to be out late. It is wise to schedule morning
appointments for late morning. is gives both ... something, or what your salary
is. ese questions are not considered in bad taste in Taiwan.
●
e largest meal of the day is in the evening, around 6:00 ..
Entertaining is most oen done in...