... discrepancy between current IndoorAirQuality standards and end-users wishes and demands Indoorairquality can be approached from three points of view: the human, the indoorair of the space and the ... odorous unit, while indoorairquality over time can for example be related to the number of people developing a certain illness From the indoorair point view, indoorairquality is often expressed ... reason for problems with the indoor environment and its parameters (i.e indoorair quality, thermal comfort, lighting and sound quality) DISCUSSION AC For indoorair quality, for most of the 20th...
... risks of indoorair pollution Indoor exposure to air pollutants may occur in both private and public indoor environments such as homes, offices, schools and transport systems Some indoorair pollutants ... vulnerable than others to indoorair pollution Credit: Stephan Czuratis Why are the combined effects of indoorair pollutants hard to measure? Like outdoor air, indoorair contains a complex mixture ... on indoorairquality is needed? 9.1 The data available for risk assessment of indoorair pollution are scarce and often insufficient Information is available on the concentrations in indoor air...
... issued a report on the role of indoorairquality in the growing asthma epidemic The report, “Clearing the Air: Asthma and IndoorAir Exposures,” confirmed that indoor pollutants are an important ... http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/asthma/index.html U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Indoor Environments Division Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, IndoorAirQuality and Student Performance, August 2000, EPA 402-F-00-009 ... transportation Promote good indoorairquality by reducing or eliminating allergens and irritants Although school districts have no control over the quality of the air outdoors, there are questions...
... Volatile organic compounds, indoorairquality and health In: Walkinshaw, D.S (ed.) IndoorAir '90, Proceedings of the 5th Interantional Conference on IndoorAirQuality and Climate, Toronto, ... - 2225 - Seifert, B., 1990 Regulating indoorair In: Walkinshaw, D.S (ed.), IndoorAir '90, Proceedings of the 5th Interantional Conference on IndoorAirQuality and Climate, Toronto, Canada, ... compounds to airquality complaints in office buildings of the European Parliament In: Walkinshaw, D.S (ed.), IndoorAir '90, Proceedings o the 5th Interantional Conference on f IndoorAir Quality...
... of the prevailing and ever-looming issues, indoorairquality investigative methodologies are evolving Indoorairquality is complex! Many indoorairquality situations culminate with litigation, ... involving various indoorairquality allegations are ongoing Thus, the driving force in indoorairquality investigations has become fear of litigation The cost of a thorough indoorairquality investigation ... of poor perceived or actual indoorairquality by far outweighs the cost of a good, sound indoorairquality assessment! Investigation Plan 17 An effective indoorairquality assessment involves...
... per year are caused by air pollution [2] Especially the quality of indoorair is of utmost importance for human health Not only because people spend most of their time indoors (in industrialized ... analysis to basic research on influencingfactors of ETS-dependent PM concentration Introduction The supply of clean air is regarded as one of the most important basic factors for the human health ... PM1) must be stated The tobacco smoke particles and indoorairquality study (ToPIQS) will approach this issue by device supported generation of indoor ETS and simultaneously measurements of PM...
... development of a computational model for indoorairquality numerical simulation and a methodology to determine the outside airflow rate and to verify the indoorairquality in enclosed spaces Chapter ... indoorairquality assessment and control is necessary to evaluate the occupants’ discomfort and health effects and to develop guidelines and standards The chapter focuses on the indoorairquality ... for Enhanced IndoorAirQuality Jason Lien and N.A Ahmed 507 539 Chapter 21 Improving the Quality of the Indoor Environment Utilizing Desiccant-Assisted Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning...
... questionnaire Items Sufficient expert panel support 1.1 The collaborative chairperson was an opinion leader 1.2 The expert panel provided information and advice for changes 1.3 The collaborative chairperson ... 103(2):265-275 doi:10.1186/1748-5908-5-84 Cite this article as: Schouten et al.: Factorsinfluencing success in qualityimprovement collaboratives: development and psychometric testing of an instrument ... theoretical concepts influencing success from these papers Then they categorized the items using the following definition as a template: ‘A QIC is an organised, multifaceted approach to quality improvement...
... levels of smut indoors are generally equal to or less than that of the outdoor air If the smut and rust spore levels equal the outdoor air, the fresh air is not adequately filtering the air Slime ... LLC As for assessing indoorair quality, sample results may require additional considerations The indoor counts should be compared to outdoor counts and, if possible, to indoor noncomplaint areas, ... may all be airborne Airborne microbial allergens are indoors and outdoors Generally, the outdoor levels are greater than the indoor levels Even when the outdoor levels exceed the indoor levels,...
... Their presence in indoorairquality is not so much an issue as the type of compounds, exposure levels, and duration of exposure Indoorairquality generally consists of the outside air and all the ... identification of twenty compounds commonly found in indoorairquality assessments See Table 8.2 for a listing of the most frequently implicated VOCs in indoorair quality, recommended limits (i.e., ACGIH, ... reported that 17 percent of all their indoorairquality surveys have identified volatile organics as either the cause or contributor to the indoorairquality complaints Many offices spaces...
... that indoorair represents one of the most important environmental problems based on estimated population risks The EPA’s 1989 report to Congress on IndoorAirQuality concluded that indoorair ... currently maintains an indoorairquality program designed to: (1) characterize indoorair problems, (2) identify, assess, and implement strategies to mitigate indoorair hazards, and (3) disseminate ... role in Europe on indoorairquality issues Among their activities are research and communication programs for indoorairquality and guidelines for pollutant concentrations in indoor and outdoor...
... specifically mention indoorair pollution, the indoor environment provides the opportunity for more concentrated and continuous exposures to mixtures of pollutants than are generated both indoors and ... Hazardous Air Pollutants, Commission on Life Sciences, National Academy Press: Washington, DC Özkaynak, H., Spengler, J.D 1990 Introduction to the risk assessment workshop on indoorair quality, ... following four steps (Moschandreas [1988] provides useful explanatory material relating to indoorair quality) : Hazard Identification Hazard identification is the determination whether a particular...
... an indoorair pollutant Adverse health effects can be useful indicators of an indoorairquality problem (EPA 1995b) The approaches that may be used to gain evidence that a suspect indoorair ... detected in indoorair environments Table in Chapter summarizes the primary indoorair pollutants This section reviews the health hazards that have been attributed to select indoorair pollutants, ... associated with indoorair pollutants (Weiss 1993) Because of the relatively low levels of exposure to indoorair pollutants, and the limited variation in exposure to indoorair pollutants in...
... expectation of which depends upon indices of airquality and weather on the same or previous days In this type of study, inferences regarding the association of air pollution with the health events of ... is interested in relating the failure to preceding levels of one or more risk factors, such as genetic and lifestyle factors and exposure to external agents, collectively referred to as covariates ... and Day 1987) In the field of air pollution epidemiology, relative risk regression models were used for analyses of two important studies of the long-term effects of air pollution on health These...
... applied to indoorair exposure assessments A Identifying Pollutants and Sources of IndoorAir Contaminants In the Report to Congress on IndoorAirQuality (EPA 1989), the EPA grouped indoorair pollutants ... activity patterns on indoor pollutant concentrations Indoorairquality models, also called transport models, attempt to characterize the movement of air pollutants through defined indoor spaces and ... model The EPA’s Report to Congress on IndoorAir describes four general categories of indoorair models Source emission models are used to predict emissions from indoor sources of pollutants For example,...
... posed by volatile organic compounds in indoor air, Risk Analysis 10(1):49 Stolwijk, J.A.J 1992 Risk assessment of acute health and comfort effects of indoorair pollution, Annals of the New York ... Science, Technology, and Human Values 12(3/4):4–10 Repace, J.L., Lowrey, A.H 1993 An enforceable indoorairquality standard for environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace, Risk Analysis 13(4):463–475 ... pollution legislation requires the best available technology The EPA’s Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, which handles regulatory activities on radiation, is unique in its interaction with powerful...
... driving to the airport Estimating the driving time to the airport requires consideration of traffic conditions, such as rush-hour congestion or construction delays, and other factors, such as ... Council (AIHC) 1994 Exposure Factors Sourcebook, AIHC Environmental Health Risk Assessment Subcommittee, Exposure Factors Sourcebook Task Force, Washington, DC Baird, J.S., Cohen, J.T., et al ... uncertainty: An illustration of methods using an air toxics emissions example, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 2(4):762–797 Gratt, L.B 1989 Uncertainty in air toxics risk assessment, for presentation...
... at risk, and airquality comparisons across the air sampling monitor sites in areas where standards are met Indoor Particulate Matter The OSHA regulates substances in the workplace air by establishing ... issue airquality criteria in a Criteria Document, hence the term “criteria pollutant.” Section 109 then required the EPA to propose and promulgate primary and secondary National Ambient AirQuality ... 1994 workplace standards on indoorairquality relating largely to environmental tobacco smoke The proposal was based on the OSHA determination that employees working in indoor environments face...