... Dialogue
Question
Answer
Decomposition
Question
Information
Extraction
Representation
Off−line Question Answering
Database (QUAB)
Question Answer
Figure 1: FERRET - A Predictive Interactive Question- Answering Architecture.
model, ... the
original question and the predicted questions.
The selection of the questions from the QUABs
that are proposed for each user question is based on
a similarity-metric that ranks the QUAB questions.
To ... is based on question con-
cepts rather than question terms. In order to
translate question terms into concepts, we re-
placed (a) question stems (i.e. a WH-word +
NP construction) with expected...
... June 2008.
c
2008 Association for Computational Linguistics
The QuALiM QuestionAnswering Demo:
Supplementing Answers with Paragraphs drawn from Wikipedia
Michael Kaisser
School of Informatics
University ... demo of the
QuALiM QuestionAnswering system. While
the system actually gets answers from the web
by querying major search engines, during pre-
sentation answers are supplemented with rel-
evant ... the
answer–there always will be the odd case where
a system returns a wrong result.
1
for QuestionAnsweringwith Linguistic Methods
Historically, our system is web-based, receiving
its answers by...
... 2.4%.
1 Introduction
In QuestionAnswering the correct answer can be
formulated with different but related words than
the question. Connecting the words in the ques-
tion with the words in the ... associated with the existing pat-
terns from VerbNet. The algorithm is used
in an in-house QuestionAnswering sys-
tem for re-ranking the set of candidate an-
swers. Tests on factoid questions ... Lexical
chains for question answering. In Proceedings of
COLING 2002, pages 674–680.
Dan I. Moldovan and Vasile Rus. 2001. Logic Form
Transformation of WordNet and its Applicability to
Question Answering. ...
... tex-
tual entailment analysis.
Question- Type Classifier (QC): QC is the task
of identifying the type of a given question among
a predefined set of question types. The type of
a question is used as a clue ... question and turn into affirmative
form by replacing the wh-word with a place-
holder and associating the question word with the
question- type from the QC module. For example:
720
ing their entailment ... then with the usage of the local density
constraints, the edge weights will not not only be
affected by that labeled node, but also how dense
that node is within that part of the graph.
5 Experiments
We...
... prediction even with relatively simple per-
sonalization models.
Pers 1 (97 questions) Pers 2 (49 questions) Pers 3 (25 questions)
UH total answers received Q avg pos votes Q content kl trec
UH questions ... rating
”want in” answer ”in the” in question CA avg asker rating
”adenocarcinoma” in question CA History “anybody” in question
”was” in question ”who is” in question Q content typo density
”live” ... predicting satisfaction of
askers with varying number of questions
20 previous questions. Interestingly, the simple
strategy of grouping users by number of previous
questions (ASP Group) is even...
... list of 20 questions
for each language. Finally, we produced the Gold
Standard, by labeling the corpus with the correct
answers corresponding to the questions.
1.1 Questions
No TYPE QUESTION ...
containing NEs of the question Expected Answer
Type (EAT). Table 2 presents the results ob-
tained for English and Table 3 for Spanish. We
indicate the id of the question (Q), the question
type (T) ... annotate it or wrongfully an-
notated words as being NEs. Not of less impor-
tance is the question duality aspect in question
17. Bush is commented in more than 600 sen-
tences; therefore, when polarity...
... for clinical question answering: Preliminary
results. In AAAI 2005 Workshop on QA in Restricted
Domains.
D. Demner-Fushman and J. Lin. 2006, in press. An-
swering clinical questions with knowledge-based
and ... and Teach EBM.
Churchill Livingstone, second edition.
E. Voorhees. 2005. Using question series to eval-
uate questionanswering system effectiveness. In
HLT/EMNLP 2005.
Y. Zhao and G. Karypis. 2002. ... hybrid approach
to questionanswering in the clinical
domain that combines techniques from
summarization and information retrieval.
We tackle a frequently-occurring class of
questions that takes...
... pages
488–495.
Sanda M. Harabagiu, Marius A. Pas¸ca, and Steven J.
Maiorano. 2000. Experimentswith open-domain
textual question answering. In Proceedings of the
18th International Conference on Computational
Linguistics, ... (and consequently word senses).
In addition, we proposed a questionanswering sys-
tem, which answers interrogative questions associated
with what, by using a Web-based encyclopedia as a
knowledge ... sen-
tence that matched with one of those patterns can be a
term description.
The second rule is based on HTML layout. In a typ-
ical case, a term in question is highlighted as a heading
with tags such...
... Scha, W.J, Schoenmakers and
E.P.C. van Utteren.
The QuestionAnswering System PHLIQA1.
In L. Bolc (editor), Natural Language Question
Answering Systems. Macmillan, 1980.
[8] Scha, Remko J.H. ... mapping is a component of such
question- answering systems as TEAM [4], PHLIQA1 [7]
and IRUS [1]. As an example of difficulties which may
be encountered, consider the question "Was the
patient's ... PATIENT-
WITH- DIABETIC-MOTHER. Since any concept can serve
as a sort, the final simplification is:
244
A Terminological Simplification Transformation for
Natural Language Question- Answering...
... knowledge and external resources for
TREC-style question answering. In particular, we
describe a high performance question answering
system called
QUALIFIER (QUestion Answer-
ing by Lexical Fabric and ... and its Applicability to
Question Answering.
In Proceedings of the ACL
2001 Conference, July 2001.
M. A. Pasca and S. M. Harabagiu. 2001.
High per-
formance question/ answering.
In Proceedings ... 2002.
Probabilistic question
answering from the web.
In The Eleventh Interna-
tional World Wide Web Conference,2002.
E.M.Voorhees. 2002.
Overview of the TREC 2001
Question Answering Track.
In...
... the
physician.
Nonetheless,
the
patient's intimate acquaintance
with
the
disease
does
not
provide
him
with
deep
knowledge
of how the
disease
developed,
how it
will
progress,
... ratings, despite being
familiar
with what
it was
like
to
rate
her
suitability
for a
job.
In
contrast,
the
researchers, despite being
unfamiliar
with
what
it was
like
to
rate
... do
showcase make
a
prize
package.
Enjoy!
Please
visit
our
website
at:
http://www.experimentswithpeople.com
REFERENCES
Aronson,
E.,
Wilson,
T. D., &
Brewer,
M. B.
(1998).
Experimentation
...
...
●
Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers: Embedded Design by Interactive Simulation.
●
Programming 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers in C: WithInteractive Hardware
Simulation.
It completes a set that ... and an ICD connector.
With power supplied to the target, load the application project files. Select Debugger,
Select Tool, MPLAB ICD2. The debug control panel appears with controls to run, step, ... modify the count period, the timer register can be preloaded with a given number.
For example, if an 8-bit register is preloaded with the value 156, a time-out occurs after
256 Ϫ 156 ϭ 100...
... post. Only identifying question and
answering sentences from the thread is not enough
for automatic question answering. For this example,
in order to get the complete question, we would need
to ... online forums.
1 Introduction
Automatic QuestionAnswering (QA) systems rely
heavily on good sources of data that contain ques-
tions and answers. Questionanswering forums, such
as technical support ... Example of a QuestionAnswering Thread in
Ubuntu Support Forum
exists as a result of another sentence. For example,
question context sentences exist because of the ques-
tion itself; an answering...
... by
the original question, the answer passage associ-
ated with the top-ranked entailed question was re-
turned as the answer. When none of the top 50
AGQs were entailed by the question, question-
answer ... Paragraphs
Question
Documents
Answers
Answers−M1
Answers−M2
Answers−M3
QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM
Figure 1: Integrating Textual Entailment in Q/A.
lows. Section 2 describes the three methods of
using textual entailment in open-domain question
answering ... Two
Question Answering Systems in TREC 2005. In
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Text REtrieval Con-
ference.
Sanda Harabagiu, Andrew Hickl, John Lehmann, and
Dan Moldovan. 2005b. Experiments with...
... Introduction
The conventional QuestionAnswering (QA) archi-
tecture is a cascade of the following building blocks:
Question Analyzer analyzes a question sentence
and identifies the question types (or answer
types).
Document ... motivation
to build a QA system only from question- answer
pairs without depending on the question types. Their
method finds clusters of questions and defines how
to answer questions in each cluster. However, ... Term
Extraction withquestion features (TE+QF) signifi-
cantly degraded, the performance of the QBTE (CF)
did not severely degrade with the larger number of
retrieved paragraphs.
219
Table 1: Number of Questions...