... around inflammatory foci inthe spinal cord of rats with EAE, thus identifying potential determinants for trafficking of these cells to the CNS These findings are discussed in relation to therapeutic ... areas ofthe spinal cord displaying focal inflammation and demyelination (Fig 2E) Quantification of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 mRNAexpressing cells in relation to the stage of demyelinating activity The ... immunization) of EAE show extensive inflammation involving the white and grey matter (D), with marked demyelination inthe inflammatory areas (F) The majority ofthe infiltrating inflammatory cells are...
... with certain brain tumors, especially for the very young Because ofthe rapid myelinization that occurs in infants, the finding by Noble and colleagues [1] ofthe adverse effects of chemotherapy ... 40% ofthe children in that study had IQs less than 85, a striking difference from the average As the dose and frequency ofadministrationof methotrexate had been gradually increased over the ... radiation The response of investigators has been to reduce the dose and/ or volume of radiation and, in some cases, to eliminate radiation entirely, adding combination chemotherapy to the treatment...
... treatment, there was a 2.5-fold increase in apoptosis inthe subventricular zone (SVZ) and a 4-fold increase inthe dentate gyrus ofthe hippocampus (DG) The increased cell death persisted inthe SVZ and ... demyelinated axons, including partial or complete loss of myelin sheaths and increases in inter-laminar splitting ofthe myelin sheaths Analysisof transverse sections (Figure 9) provided further ... decreased levels of MBP inthe CC andinthe white-matter tracts ofthe striatum of treated animals (Figure 10) In agreement with the majority ofthecell bodies inthe mature CC belonging to oligodendrocytes...
... nNOS and iNOS in neurons increased when bacterial encephalitis occurred This is the first study of NOS expressioninthe goat brain with listeriosis The involvement of iNOS in bovine and caprine ... brainstem andthe staining pattern was similar to those of control brains with nonneurological diseases Inthe microabscesses, iNOS was recognized in inflammatory cells (mainly macrophages) inthe ... hematoxylin Magnification A and B, ×66 C and D, ×132 Immunohistochmical study of nitric oxide synthase inthecentralnervoussystemof goat Enhanced expressionof nNOS and iNOS in L monocytogenes-infected...
... described the MRI features GL provided the pathological diagnosis TJ was the surgeon and gave the final approval ofthe version to be published Competing interests The authors declare that they have ... angiitis ofthecentralnervous system: initial and follow-up MR features Neuroradiology 2009, 51:651-659 12 Ay H, Sahin G, Saatci I, Söylemezoğlu F, Saribaş O: Primary Angiitis oftheCentralNervous ... centralnervous system: serial MRI of brain and spinal cord Neuroradiology 2001, 43:599-607 14 Moore PM: Diagnosis and management of isolated angiitis ofthecentralnervoussystem Neurology...
... identify the organs affected by the nAuNPs The XPS was used to verify the presence of nAuNPs embedded inthe brain tissue The confocal microscope and TEM were used to gain insights intothe interaction ... vibration inthe building Although proteins not break into ions, introducing charged particles intothenervoussystem causes an imbalance inthe signal transmission that links to the insect’s locomotion ... eliminated by using only young males in this study The effects of temperature, humidity, and wind were diminished by maintaining them in a controlled environment However, the fluctuations in Rocha...
... enhancing the activity of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and up-regulating cystine transport The upregulation in gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase activity facilitates the redistribution of GSH into ... like tau is involved in microtubule assembly It serves as a binding for the tubulin Mutations in α-synuclein lead to loss of this binding ability, resulting in tubulin and α-synuclein aggregation ... stimulation of A2A receptors by HENECA resulted intothe increase in intracellular cAMP levels Similar to the first part ofthe studies, NaHS inhibited the cAMP production in astrocytes These data...
... within thecell is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA which can then integrate randomly intothe host cell genome The use of retrovirus vectors for gene delivery to thenervoussystem ... 1997;Walther and Stein, 2000) The specificity and stability of transgene expression from AAV vectors seems to be dependent ofthe brain area andthe presence of receptors for AAV uptake on target cells ... PARTICLES 15 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Baculovirus andthe Insect CellExpressionSystem Baculovirus can efficiently infect and replicate in host insect cells Figure 2.1 shows the structure and replication...
... functional cells inthenervous system, carrying out the fundamental tasks of receiving, conducting and transmitting signals Therapeutic protection of these cells is one ofthe main goals of gene therapy ... one ofthe key issues of gene therapy Theexpression level and specificity ofthe therapeutic gene is primarily determined by the activity ofthe promoter at the transcriptional level, andthe ... plasmid, and inserted into pFB1 between Avr II and Sal I The CMV E/PDGF promoter was then inserted intothe sites of Kpn I and Hind III to drive the luciferase reporter gene Fig 2.2 shows the expression...
... catalyzes the hydrolysis of ceramide to sphingosine Ceramide is the simplest form of sphingolipid and was shown to promote clustering of nanoscale domains in supported lipid bilayers [46] andin cells ... as the major constituent instead of sphingomyelin (PE-cer has phosphoethanolamine as the head group, instead ofthe phosphocholine head group in SM) [32] Despite having shorter fatty acyl chains ... also given Chapter introduces the concepts and theory of FCS as well as the experimental setup of this instrument The calibration ofthe FCS system is also discussed The last part of this chapter...
... completes the SPRY domain (Pung et al., 2006) 14 Binding Studies of Ohanin and Pro-ohanin The lack of natural abundance of ohanin (~1 mg/g of crude venom) and absence of pro-ohanin inthe venom ... components inthe brain, as this might be useful to the understanding ofthe control of locomotion and pain responses The identification ofthe receptor(s), andthe identification ofthe specific ... Asia andinto Pakistan and India The skin is either olive-green, tan, or black and it has faint, pale yellow cross bands down the length ofthe body The underbelly is cream or pale yellow, and the...
... the time ofthe emergence ofthe Plathelminthes inthe evolutionary history The eye ofthe planarian is one ofthe most ancestral and primitive types of visual systems in animals and is 950 A ... White and yellow arrowheads point the same cellin (D), (E), and (F), respectively Theexpression signal for the PHM gene was observable inthecell body of neurons inthe peripheral region ofthe ... stalks ofthe photoreceptor cells The structure appeared similar to that inthe neuropil ofthe brain [57] Inthe stalk region ofthe photoreceptor cells, neuropeptides may be synthesized and work...
... levels ofnervous integration The major monoamine-containing neurons ofthe brain (see below) are found here Together, these regions represent the points ofcentral integration for coordination of ... within and between the regions ofthe brain Cellular Organization ofthe Brain Present understanding ofthe cellular organization ofthe CNS can be viewed simplistically according to three main ... Treatment ofCentralNervousSystem Degenerative Disorders) Norepinephrine There are relatively large amounts of norepinephrine within the hypothalamus andin certain zones ofthe limbic system, ...
... hippocampus andthe corpus callosum), primarily in progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes To determine whether these findings resulted in functional impairment, they investigated the auditory brainstem ... response inthe mice at various times following treatment Loss of myelin is known to increase the latency between specific peaks inthe auditory brainstem response, reflecting slowing ofthe impulse ... progenitor cells and nondividing oligodendrocytes than to many cancer cell lines in vitro They also found that the agents caused increased cell death and decreased cell division inthe subventricular...
... used in each injection The rate of injection was μl/min andthe needle was allowed to remain in situ for mins before being slowly retracted at the end of each injection The intrathecal lumbar injection ... condensation of DNA into compact particles, uptake intothe cells, release from the endosomal compartment intothe cytoplasm, and uptake ofthe DNA intothe nucleus This multi-step process indicates ... remain at large in terms of choosing appropriate MW PEIs and biodegradable linkages as well as designing the degree of cross-linking, the particle size andthe surface charge ofthe resulting...
... organ ofthesystem Whereas the brain develops out of expansions ofthe neural tube into primary and then secondary vesicles, the spinal cord maintains the tube structure and is only specialized into ... 5/20 TheCentralNervousSystemof information processing take place inthe basal nuclei All input to the basal nuclei is from the cortex intothe striatum ([link]) The direct pathway is the projection ... which the pituitary gland is attached 9/20 TheCentralNervousSystem Brain Stem The midbrain and hindbrain (composed ofthe pons andthe medulla) are collectively referred to as the brain stem...
... Cancer ofthe Brain & Other CentralNervous System: Number of Cases and Exclusions, 12 SEER Areas, 1988-2001 Brain Other CNS Number Selected/ Remaining Number Excluded Number Selected/ Remaining ... Cancer Institute NOS, Not Otherwise Specified 210 SEER Survival Monograph Chapter 25 Cancer ofthe Brain andNervousSystem Table 25.7: Cancer ofthe Other CentralNervous System: Distributions and ... Tumors ofthe spine were the most common site with other CNS cancers, although malignant meningiomas ofthe brain had worse survival than those with malignant tumors inthe spine Brain and other...
... boys Again, changes in therapy protocols such as lack of co -administration of high-dose methotrexate and avoidance of radiotherapy in young patients may explain the lack of difference in IQ in our ... below The finding of similar outcomes in males and females is reassuring Initial reports of inferior outcomes in girls came from relatively small studies using combinations of methotrexate and ... higher inthe case ofthe latter Analysisofthe IQ scores in our control group suggests the presence of a practice effect Out of 132 controls tested at the year time point, 37 were taking their...
... conceived the idea ofthe study All authors participated in data collection KAK wrote the manuscript All authors read and contributed to the editing ofthe manuscript and gave their approval ofthe final ... of MCC brain metastases will depend, as in many other types of brain metastases, on the number of metastases, systemic spread ofthe disease andthe accessibility to surgery We believe that the ... but not inthe surrounding edema Although the morphologic findings ofthe supratentorial mass on conventional MRI were consistent with meningioma, the occurrence ofthe extensive edema andthe MR...
... Taking into consideration the current knowledge concerning the impact of IAH on the CNS we conducted an experimental study in animals in order to investigate whether increased ICP and intraspinal ... Citerio G, Malbrain M: The influence of intra-abdominal hypertension on thecentralnervous system: current insights and clinical recommendations, is it all inthe head? Acta Clinica Belgica 2007, ... baseline IAP was increased at the beginning (9.9 mmHg) and at the end ofthe experiment (11.4 mmHg) An explanation of this is provided by the mechanism of action of fentanyl, administered for maintenance...