... is very important to understand the multi- carrier spread spectrum methods Hybrid multiple access schemes like Multi- Carrier FDMA, Multi- Carrier TDMA, and Ultra Wide Band systems are discussed as ... efficiency, simple and robust detection techniques and narrow band interference rejection capability Multi- carrier modulation and multi- carrier spread spectrum are today considered potential candidates ... European DAB standard [11] This success continued with the choice of OFDM for the European DVB-T standard [13] in 1995 and later for the WLAN standards HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE802.11a [15][30] and recently...
... iPod touch, and iPad Apps with Web Standards HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript From The Web Designer’s Guide to iOS Apps: Create iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad apps with Web Standards ... arranger, and stained glass artist elevated my ability to see patterns and beauty, and inspired my own creativity and desire to make things My lovely wife and daughters, who gave me the time and space ... client and collaborator Thanks for your patience and for believing in my work Shawn, my friend and legal counsel, whose advice and assistance calmed many a frayed nerve Tim, my friend and sailing...
... model of our approach E, S, and O represent the event, scene and object labels respectively X is the observed appearance patch for scene A and G are the observed appearance and geometry/layout properties ... hyperparameters ξ and α, the distribution of topic given object p(z|O) and the distribution of appearance and geometry words given topic p(A, G|z) can be derived by using the standard Dirichlet ... models and provide a literature review on the relevant works We describe in details the integrative model in Sec.3 and illustrate how learning is done in Sec.4 Sec.5 discusses our system and implementation...
... (http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk) Latest news and blogs about what’s happening in the events world Prestige Events (http://www.prestigeeventsguide.com) Guide for the events industry and help for those planning events ie (http://www.ifea.com) ... Risk Assessment and Risk Management Events Law and Administration Health and Safety Requirements Contingency Planning Event Operations and Ethics Event Co-ordination Teamwork and Group Performance ... understanding events Goldblatt, J (2010) Special Events: A New Generation and the Next Frontier New York: Wiley > The most recent edition of this classic in events education, future-thinking and...
... iPod touch, and iPad Apps with Web Standards HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript From The Web Designer’s Guide to iOS Apps: Create iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad apps with Web Standards ... arranger, and stained glass artist elevated my ability to see patterns and beauty, and inspired my own creativity and desire to make things My lovely wife and daughters, who gave me the time and space ... client and collaborator Thanks for your patience and for believing in my work Shawn, my friend and legal counsel, whose advice and assistance calmed many a frayed nerve Tim, my friend and sailing...
... issues raised for cities by mega -events First, what is the urban impact of mega -events and in what way they contribute to urban transformation? And second, how are mega -events legitimated in order ... made Europe and then the United States the prime sites for these events (Benedict, 1983) Later including Korea, Japan and Australia, most mega -events (two exceptions: Mexico City and Moscow) ... Khayelitsha and is made up of a mixture of core houses, site and service plots, and serviced and unserviced shacks (Cook, 1992) Figure shows that the white areas are along the Tygerberg arm and the...
... result, the text was just a series of commands and text objects The commands controlled layout and appearance and thus manipulated the output space GUIs and the generation of applications associated ... building a touch- and gesture-based product Chapters and will best be consumed by planners and business managers Chapters 4–11 will feel most familiar to designers, who think broad thoughts early and ... mouse and keyboard, voice commands, in-air gesturing, mobile phones, and so on Input and output technologies offer us the opportunity to create a more natural user interface; they not, in and of...
... a rate of 5°C per hour To measure the acoustic emission rate, a Bruel and Kjaer 8312 broad band sensor was clamped in a handpiece to the lower part of the stem, which had previously been prepared ... acoustic detection Planta 112, 333-342 Sandford A.P & Grace J (1985) The measurement and interpretation of ultrasound from woody stems J Exp Bot 36, 298-311 Scholander P.F., Love W.E & Kanwsher J.W ... petroleum jelly to prevent water loss and then with ultrasound gel to improve acoustic transmission To avoid heating effects of the transducer on the sensor and the sample, we used the sensor intermittently,...
... i is multiplied by the resulting fading amplitude an,i and rotated by a random phase ϕn,i The advantage of the frequency domain channel model is that the IFFT and FFT operation for OFDM and inverse ... transmitter and receiver oscillators influence the system performance — Accurate frequency and time synchronization is required 1.2.3 Applications and Standards The key parameters of various multi- carrier-based ... communications, guidance systems, and experimental anti-multipath systems [39][43] Spread Spectrum Techniques 31 Table 1-2 Broadcasting standards DAB and DVB-T Parameter DAB DVB-T Bandwidth 1.5 MHz MHz Number...
... MC-DS-CDMA schemes can be subdivided in schemes with broadband sub-channels and schemes with narrowband sub-channels Systems with broadband sub-channels typically apply only few numbers of sub-channels, ... Advantages and Drawbacks In Table 1-7, the main advantages and drawbacks of MC-CDMA and MC-DS-CDMA are summarized A first conclusion from this table can be derived: — The high spectral efficiency and ... based on multi- carrier spread spectrum have been proposed [23][24] More potential application fields for multi- carrier spread spectrum are in wireless indoor communications [50] and broadband underwater...
... narrowband and the fading per sub-channel appears flat and in systems with broadband sub-channels where the fading is frequency-selective per sub-channel The fading over the whole transmission bandwidth ... [2] Al-Susa E and Cruickshank D., “An adaptive orthogonal multicarrier multiuser CDMA technique for a broadband mobile communication system,” in Proc International Workshop on Multi- Carrier SpreadSpectrum ... have gained significant interest and have become part of wireless standards such as UMTS, IS-95, and WLAN Moreover, code division multiplexing is also a promising candidate for the fourth generation...
... conversion and methods for modulating and demodulating a carrier with a complex OFDM time signal Multi- Carrier Modulation and Demodulation 121 Total channel bandwidth Useful bandwidth Guard band Unused ... constellation and FEC scheme but also on the amount of reference and pilot symbols spent to guarantee reliable synchronization and channel estimation Multi- Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems K Fazel and ... success and it is currently part of several high-rate wireless LAN standards, e.g., IEEE 802.11a/g/h, ETSI HIPERLAN/2, and MMAC, and is also part of the IEEE 802.16a and draft ETSIHIPERMAN WLL standards...
... optimize the channel estimation, a multi- carrier reference scenario typical for mobile radio systems is defined The frequency band has a bandwidth of B = MHz and is located at a carrier frequency ... MIMO-OFDM Systems The basic concept of applying OFDM in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, i.e., employing multiple transmit and receive antennas, is described in Chapter Regarding ... sequences [58] specified in the DVB-T standard [16] As shown in Figure 4-17, CAZAC/M sequences are generated in the frequency domain and are embedded in I and R sequences The CAZAC/M sequences...
... with Turbo codes and interleaver size 256 and 1024, respectively MC-CDMA and SS-MC-MA can be considered special cases of OFDM-CDM In MCCDMA, CDM is applied for user separation and in SS-MC-MA ... rate 1/2 and QPSK symbol mapping is shown Results are given for OFDMCDM with soft IC after the 1st iteration and for OFDM using Turbo codes with interleaver sizes I = 256 and I = 1024 and iterative ... Techniques in Multi- Carrier Transmission As shown in Chapter 1, the radio channel suffers especially from time and frequency selectivity Co-channel and adjacent channel interference (CCI and ACI)...
... frequency band results in different types of narrowband and wideband interference, such as a microwave oven, which the WLAN system has to cope with WLAN cell size is up to several 100 m and multipath ... configurations to be supported and automatic adaptation to the channel conditions, iv) simple protocol and air interface layers, and finally, v) a seamless adaptation of new standards and technologies in ... in mixed-cell and in different environments with scalable bandwidth and data rate, is expected to have a better acceptance Broadband Satellite Fourth Generation Platform Broadband WLAN HL2/802.11...
... transmission capacity, and whether they Multi- Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems K Fazel and S Kaiser 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd ISBN: 0-470-84899-5 234 Additional Techniques for Capacity and Flexibility ... high multipath propagation delays [7] In the DVB-RCT system, the downlink interaction data and the uplink interactive data are transmitted in the same radio frequency bands, i.e., VHF/UHF bands ... a specific trade-off between frequency diversity and time diversity, and between coverage range and portability/mobility capability 5.5.3.2 Time and Frequency Frames Depending on the transmission...
... Multi- Carrier DS-CDMA Multi- Carrier Modulation Multi- Carrier Spread Spectrum Multi- Carrier TDMA (OFDM and TDMA) Multiuser Detection Match Filter Multiple Input Multiple Output Multiple Input Single ... Abbreviations, and Symbols Local Oscillator Line Of Sight Multiple Access Medium Access Control Multiple Access Interference Maximum A Posteriori Mobile Broadband System Multi- Carrier Multi- Carrier CDMA Multi- Carrier ... broadband WLAN and WLL standards support multi- carrier transmission (OFDM) For standards beyond 3G we may expect that a combination of CDMA with a multicarrier (OFDM) component is a potential candidate...
... in Chapters and Chapter covers the multi- resolution analysis at the shot, multimedia discourse, and story layer We discuss the multi- resolution features, similarity measures and multi- resolution ... the multimedia discourse and story levels More importantly, text and visual features in news video are coherent In our multi- resolution multimodal fusion model, we let evidence from text and ... information alone, and the reported multi- modal fusion frameworks 1.4 Main contributions In this thesis, we make the following contributions: • A novel multi- resolution multimodal fusion model Multimedia...
... Concluding remarks and future work 212 References 215 Appendix 227 viii Summary Recent developments of lab-on-a-chip devices call for better understanding of small scale multi- phase and multi- component ... a conservative force, a dissipative force and a random force The latter two, namely the dissipative and random forces, are due to the coarse graining and can be derived from statistical mechanics ... Liquid-Vapor MD Molecular Dynamics (Simulation) MPI Message Passing Interface MPMC Multi- Phase and / or Multi- Component MRT Multiple Relaxation Time N North NE North-East NSCH Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard...