... Unsurprisingly, uptake in these countries is high (as well as in Sweden and the US). In the UK it is much lower but rising (de Cock and71HIV in pregnancy 4HIV in pregnancy: ethicalissuesin screening ... contravene existing guide-lines – in particular, the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association,1996) and the international ethical guidelines for biomedical research involv-ing human subjects ... 12: 21–6.UK Intercollegiate Working Party for Enhancing Voluntary ConWdential HIV Testing in Pregnancy (1998). Reducing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Infection in theUnited Kingdom. London:...
... of research question, influences on the funding of some research projects (and not others), influences on the outcome of research (i.e., findings), and influences on the dissemination of research ... miners in terms of the “frame” of numbers of coal miners, the health of miners appears to be diminishing. That is, coal mine deaths, per thousand coal-mine employees in the US, have been increasing ... more interesting if students address issues, pollutants, workplaces, and problems faced in their own communities. Such emphases will bring ethical issues “home.” Module 7: EthicalIssues in...
... whatsense of best? Clinical best? Moral best?Tensions between medicine and nursing are increasingly coming tothe fore in the field of health care research. In the past, says Blackburn in chapter 5, ... discovery in theGEOFFREY HUNT 11 Noddings’ work might be expected to have something important to sayfor nursing ethics. She distinguishes between natural caring and ethical caring and maintains ... questions. ButNoddings recognised that prior conditions must be met for ethical caring. Hanford speaks of nursing having to practise in a ‘chronicallyethically diminished state’. Nursing administration...
... in the context of ethicalissues in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. He writes, ‘Life-sustaining treatmentimplies that treatment is being given in order to maintain or create the bestpossible ... now face a growing number of controversial issues involving human reproduction. To illustrate the variety of issues, considerthe following three scenarios. In the Wrst case, involving a pregnant ... according to theview in question, infants lack a right to life. However, this is at odds with ourmoral intuitions, according to which infants have moral interests that deserveprotection, including...
... which15 3Ethical issuesin embryo interventions and cloning 9 Ethical issuesin embryo interventionsand cloningFrancáoise ShenWeldCentre for Medical Ethics, UCL Medical School, London, UKIntroductionAlthough ... stimulating debate.15 7Ethical issuesin embryo interventions and cloning ConclusionCloning is only one example, among the many discussed in this chapter, of ethical dilemmas in the new reproductive ... pertinent.Indeed if dignity has to be deWned in any essential manner, as it must be ifenshrined in international declarations, it is the unique quality of all humanbeings, also recognized in...
... developmental morbidity in children less than 26 weeks gestation at 2.5 years of age. Pediatric Research 45: 259A.34 5Ethical issuesin withdrawing life-sustaining treatment interest at the time ... 21.1. Ethicalissuesin withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from handicappedneonates – in the presence of uncertainty.light of the best scientiWc knowledge available. The future for the infant ... be severe gastrointestinal abnormalities and renalagenesis making death inevitable from renal failure within a very few days.Consideration of withholding or withdrawing life-saving medical treat-ment...
... the administration of infertility drugs, if ultrasoundmonitoring indicated maturation of multiple follicle cells (Manier, 1998:p. 1). At that point, clinicians might have declined to administer ... procedurewould indicate that it involves terminating fetuses while preserving preg-nancy. Awkward but accurate deWnitions could therefore be any of thefollowing: fetal termination with pregnancy ... (DiVerent feminist standpoints are supported by feminist standpointtheory, which I have described and defended in Mahowald, 1995a.)Within the context of that imperative, targeting some fetuses...
... 348 13 Applied marketingresearch 383 14 Marketingresearch settings: business-to-business, services and internal marketing 430 15 Global marketingresearch 45516 Marketing decision-support ... understand the ethicalissues involved inmarketing research ã understand how the Internet can be used inmarketing research ã appreciate the need for creativity inmarketing research ã appreciate ... so that marketing executives can make sound decisions.This definition of marketingresearch underlines the role of researchin allphases of marketing, assisting and guiding the marketing efforts...
... hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication ... changes within their organisations, including: strategic marketing policies; appropriate developments in employment, servicesand training; the strengthening of their own area by creating structures,building ... participate in such struggles, since doing sowould only lead to frustration and discomfort. Such things should beavoided. Walking away from such involvement is only maximising Ethicalissuesin social...
... provide the only definitive information as to the degree of risk in man. Since malignant diseases are clearly of multifactorial origin, their investigation in man has become increasingly complex, ... biological and chemical research carried out in the Agency's laboratories in Lyon and, through collaborative research agree- ments, in national research institutions in many countries. The ... 0132 9 International Agency for Research on Cancer 1980 The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in the signed articles in this publication. REPRINTED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM...
... Sections of the quality press—the Guardian, The Independent, the Financial Times—have nobly maintained a public interest role, but in a changing and increasingly complex democratic society there is ... be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information ... media. Broadcasting is subject to a number of statutory licensing and regulating bodies, including the Independent Television Commission, the Radio Authority, the Broadcasting Complaints Commission...
... 1992.Lappe M. Ethicalissuesin manipulating the human germ line. J Med Philos 16(Dec.):621–640,1991.Lippmann A. Prenatal genetic testing and screening: Constructing needs and reinforcinginequities. ... thatwould support a presumption in favor of continuing the development of germlinegenetic engineering. That is, we have argued that germline genetic engineering isnot intrinsically morally objectionable. ... interests of the patient for whom they are caring. If all of324 ETHICALISSUESIN MOLECULAR MEDICINE AND GENE THERAPY Embryo DestructionA fourth argument against germline genetic engineering...