estimation of the supertrees
Báo cáo sinh học: "An experimental study of Quartets MaxCut and other supertree method" pot
... rank-order of the supertrees, in terms of topological accuracy with respect to the true tree We found the degree of correlation was largely independent of the choice of topological distance to the source ... model condition is indicated by the number of taxa in the model tree and by the density of the scaffold dataset, which is the percentage of the entire taxon set in the scaffold dataset, with scaffold ... not evaluate the topological accuracy of the supertrees they constructed Instead, they computed the average similarity of the QMC and MRP supertrees to the source trees, using two different similarity...
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Tài liệu THE ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECTIVE REPRODUCTIVE NUMBER FROM DISEASE OUTBREAK DATA pdf
... by taking the square roots of ˆ the diagonal elements of the covariance matrix Σn GLS The values of the weights involved in the GLS estimation depend on the values of the fitted model These values ... proportional to the square of the predicted incidence: wj = 1/[z(tj ; θ)]2 On the other hand, if ρ = 1/2, then the weights are proportional to the reciprocal of the predicted incidence; these correspond ... reported by the CDC in the US during the 1999–00 season [12] The number of H3N2 cases (isolates) is displayed as a function of time Time is measured as the number of weeks since the start of the year’s...
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An estimation of the economic impact of chronic noncommunicable diseases in selected countries ppt
... presentation of the results of the analysis; The discussion of the results including a brief discussion on the sensitivity of the forecast to the assumptions in the model Linkages between disease and the ... II) The finding that many of the variables contributed little to the variations in the forecasts is sufficient indication of model sensitivity rather than the sensitivity to the assumptions on the ... computed by the model and the GBD projected estimates The impact on the estimates is subtracted out of the estimates of lost income Model assumptions The characteristic model assumptions for the simple...
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Báo cáo toán học: " Dilemmas in the reliable estimation of the in-vitro cell viability in magnetic nanoparticle engineering: which tests and what protocols?" doc
... could be due to a number of factors, either the presence of the MNPs both intracellular and on the membrane of the cells or the nanoparticles themselves interfere with the reagents In our experiments, ... understanding of the degree of cytotoxicity of the MNPs, we also investigated the effect the polymer-coated nanoparticles had on the integrity of the cell membrane and oxidative stress the MNPs elicited ... of one further centrifugation step at the end of the MTT assay in order to lyse the cells and discard the cellular components and CNT particles could reduce interferences caused by the CNTs They...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Blind Estimation of the Phase and Carrier Frequency Offsets for LDPC-Coded Systems" potx
... denotes the number of rows in the parity check matrix of the code, uk is the number of nonzero elements in the kth row of the parity check matrix and niter is the number of iterations of the optimization ... the phase offset of the channel The proposed method of blind estimation of the phase offset is based on a MAP approach in the sense of maximizing the probability that a phase θ corresponds to the ... achieve the estimation After having estimated the CFO using the method proposed in Section 2.1, we correct the rotation of the received samples then apply the proposed algorithm of phase offset estimation...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Dilemmas in the reliable estimation of the in-vitro cell viability in magnetic nanoparticle engineering: which tests and what protocols?" potx
... could be due to a number of factors, either the presence of the MNPs both intracellular and on the membrane of the cells or the nanoparticles themselves interfere with the reagents In our experiments, ... understanding of the degree of cytotoxicity of the MNPs, we also investigated the effect the polymer-coated nanoparticles had on the integrity of the cell membrane and oxidative stress the MNPs elicited ... attached to either the cell membrane or the bottom of the plate, appearing as a brown colour in the well (even after five washes with fresh culture media) (data not shown) The presence of these MNPs...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article TSI Finders for Estimation of the Location of an Interference Source Using an Ariborne Array" docx
... discuss the available techniques for identifying the DOA of sources The main body of the work concentrates on the application of the TSI finders for identifying the physical location of the source of ... additional processing to extract all of the information of interest The rest of the paper assumes the receiver processing has clearly identified the direction of arrival of the offending source Under this ... values) Also, the TSI spectrum excludes the look direction of the interferer itself In other words, the spectrum contains only the multipaths of the look direction interferer Further it was noticed...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Estimation of the biomass stock of trees in Sweden: comparison of biomass equations and age-dependent biomass expansion factors" ppsx
... especially for the possible presence of bias, before they can be used in the national inventories Furthermore, it is evident that the time series of the inventory, i.e the biomass estimates of the earlier ... pine The uncertainty in the biomass estimates of birch was high, since the number of birch stands was low in both the material used for formulation of the BEFs, and in the Swedish data on which the ... of uncertainty of the biomass estimate in the young age-classes The uncertainty of the biomass estimate calculated with the age-dependent BEFs was highest in the youngest age-classes due to the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: " Interactions between Scots pine, Ips acuminatus (Gyll.) and Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum (Math.): estimation of the critical thresholds of attack and inoculation densities and effects on hydraulic properties in the stem" pdf
... both in the phloem and the sapwood in response to bark inoculation They may therefore, together with the development of the fungus, have a negative impact on the water conducting ability of the sapwood, ... Impact of the density of inoculations with Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum into bark of young Scots pine trees on: (a) the length of the induced reaction zones in the bark tissues; (b) the fraction of ... potential The most striking result was the significant but nonlinear relationship between the amount of damage and the loss of conductivity; the latter increasing much faster then the former Loss of...
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Báo cáo khoa hoc:" Estimation of the genetic parameters of sexual dimorphism of body weight in ’label’ chickens and Muscovy ducks" potx
... 2.2 Analysis The analysis model was: where yZ!k is the performance of the jth animal from the kth dam, reared in the ith hatch, a the direct genetic effect of the jth animal, m! the maternal ... from the kth dam, ez!! the residual of the jth animal from the kth dam, reared in the ith hatch and cov(a, m) the covariance matrix between the vector of direct genetic effects (a) and the vector ... dimorphism and the other traits were computed between sexual correlations a similar in way The heritability of the ratio of the male trait to the female trait (R) was approximated using Sutherland’s...
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Báo cáo sinh học: "Use of sib-pair linkage methods for the estimation of the genetic variance at a quantitative trait locus" pps
... the proportion of genes ibd at the the expectation of Y is: j QTL (!r!t), Elston (1990) shows that where is the additive genetic variance due to the QTL and aethe variance of the difference of ... simulation were: (i) the distance between the markers (0 ) t (ii) the position of the QTL between the markers as expressed by and (iii) the size of the QTL effect The distance between the markers was ... loci contribute little or nothing to the estimation of t r In the estimation of the QTL variance, Method I is characterized by the overestimation of if the true value is small In practice, this...
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Báo cáo y học: "Estimation of the cost of treatment by chemotherapy for early breast cancer in Morocco" ppsx
... however, the high cost of this new generation of treatment The main objective of the present study is to provide an evaluation of the total cost of chemotherapy in the early stages of breast ... alleviate the disease burden in general and the cost of breast cancer in particular Methods The first step was the estimation of the individual cost according to the therapeutic sub-groups of breast ... evaluate the cost of individual treatment, we need the following information: 1) the unit price of different drugs used in adjuvant treatment of breast cancer, 2) the kind of therapy according to the...
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Báo cáo y học: "Estimation of the diameter and cross-sectional area of the internal jugular veins in adult patients" ppsx
... when the advantage of right over left IJV cannulation was discussed [1] The aim of this prospective study was to validate the hypothesis that the diameter of the right IJV is greater than the ... USA) during the study period The primary goal of this study was to validate the hypothesis that the diameter of the right IJV is greater than the left one, and secondary to determine the cross-sectional ... measured at the level of the cricoid cartilage (Figure 1) The level of the cricoid cartilage was chosen because this corresponds to the central approach (apex of the triangle formed by the medial...
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Báo cáo sinh học: " Estimation of the proportion of genetically unbalanced spermatozoa in the semen of boars carrying " pdf
... representative of the real effect of the rearrangement over the whole reproductive career of the boar On the other hand, direct non chromosomal effects of boars on the prolificacy of their mates have ... higher in the semen samples of both trisomic boars than in the control (P < 0.001) DISCUSSION The use of the spermFISH technique for the analysis of segregation products in the semen of individuals ... species On the one hand, this method allows an accurate estimation of the proportion of balanced and unbalanced gametes, due to the very large size of the samples studied On the other hand, for...
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Estimation of the contribution of atmospheric deposition to coastal water eutrophication
... however, the exact role of atmospherically derived nitrogen in the decline of the quality of coastal, estuarine, and inland water is still uncertain In the open sea, the contribution of atmospheric ... 2004) The fate of the initial fire emissions depends strongly on both their composition and the regional state of the atmosphere Once airborne, the particles begin to grow slightly in size as they ... round, the flux of N from the air may not only trigger blooms, but also contribute to the water column nitrogen standing stock, and hence the magnitudes of the bloom The increasing amounts of atmospheric...
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Estimation of Proper Strain Rate in the CRSC Test Using a Artificial Neural Networks
... and the measured value The properties of the soil used for training of the MANN models are shown in Table Class Relative Importance (%) Table Properties of the soil used for learning of the MANN ... applicability of MANN model, a total of 46 data of the consolidation test results are used 43 learning data are used for training the ANN model, and the others are used for the comparison 631 16 between the ... that gave the smallest average of the sum square error There is currently no rule for determining the optimal number of neurons in the hidden layer other than by experiment In this study, the structure...
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Báo cáo " Estimation of emission factors of air pollutants from the road traffic in Ho Chi Minh City " docx
... air quality model to estimate the dispersion function, the accuracy of the estimated emissions will depend on the ability of the model to reproduce the dispersion of the pollutants Until now, in ... difference in the emission factors of VOCs for LDVs and HDVs The emission factors calculated in this study are generally higher compared to the results of the other studies around the world Only the emission ... difference of components in the fuel types used; type and age of the engines; circulation conditions of vehicles; topography of the study area Conclusions Based on the advantages and disadvantages of...
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The Estimation of Mechanical Properties of Polymers from Molecular Structure ppt
... nB is the number of bonds; N, Avogadro's number; l,, the length of the repeat unit; and V, the molar volume The theoretical brittle stress is then the number of bonds times the strength of an ... compiled the densities and the thermal coefficient, in terms of the slope of the volume-temperature curve, from several sources in the literature We have then calculated the volume at the glass ... gives the tensile modulus and the tensile yield strength of a number of materials rather than the shear modulus On the assumption that the time-dependent term is much smaller than the first term of...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Correlation analysis of the speech multiscale product for the open quotient estimation" doc
... even when these peaks are imprecise or doubled on the DEGG In this example, we clearly see the effect of the MP on cancelling the noise and giving accurate peaks The strength of the MP of the EGG ... depicts the speech signal of the vowel/o/pronounced by the female speaker f1 followed by its MP, the MPo and the MPc Minima of the MP negative part correspond to the GCI and peaks of the positive ... conclude that the OQ estimation is more precise when considering the mean OQ value over the voiced segments Gross deviation of the OQ estimation is caused by the errors of the open phase estimation...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Unscented Kalman filter with parameter identifiability analysis for the estimation of multiple parameters in kinetic models" pptx
... to the matrix X L (L being the iteration number), in the order of the highest to the lowest sensitivity To make the adjustment of the net influence of each of the remaining parameters on the ... into the UKF during the estimation of the parameter The central difference (CD) method was used to calculate the sensitivity coefficient, where the step size is taken as the square root of the ... based on the model structure and the measurement data One of the benefits in integrating estimation and identifiability is the reuse of the variance generated by the UKF for the step size in the calculation...
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