establishment of assay conditions and effects of plasmolytic agents and soil sterilization
Heavy Metals in the Environment - Chapter 4 pptx
... concentrations of the isotopes of the thorium and uranium decay series that are present in the human diet and in the bodies of humans and animals 4.1.1 The Radioactive Decay of 232 Th and 238 U Thorium-232 ... data of Fisenne et al (25) and Yu and Mao (27), compares the fractions of the daily intakes of 230,232 Th, 235,238 U, and 226 Ra due to diet, drinking water, and inhalation for New York City and ... body content of residents of the mining area of Grand Junction and urban Washington, DC, and the calculated body contents are about an order of magnitude lower than those for residents of Beijing...
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Metals, Metalloids and Radionuclides in the Baltic Sea Ecosystem docx
... resultant of the chemical combination of metals and ligands, i.e the Lewis acids and bases in organisms The cellular bases are predominantly S, N and O as donor atoms in molecules of H20 and solute ... partitioning and by temporal partitioning (Williams, 1981; Morgan and Stumm, 1991) One of important aspects of metal toxicity is the chemical combination of metal ions and ligands (Lewis acids and bases) ... Kattegat and narrow inlets of the Belt Sea and Sound - the transition zone The Baltic Proper is the largest subdivision of the Baltic Sea It has a surface area of 211 069 km (51% of the whole sea) and...
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Organic Chemicals in the Environment pdf
... of humus is one of the most complex in nature Humus consists of a oxidation and polymerization products of Polysaccharides, phenols and amino acids found in the soil Humic matter is anionic and ... Pseudomonas biofilm was able to flourish One hundred people died from the biofilm infection, a dramatic example of the danger posed by some bacterial biofilms Bacteria and Biofilms Biofilms can ... like barnacles, mussels, and host of other zooplankton and phytoplankton These biofilms slow a ship and are expensive to remove and prevent Current methods to prevent biofilm formation on ships...
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Novel Materials in the Environment: The case of nanotechnology ppt
... list of nanomaterials, the second stage of the project sought to formulate an understanding of their intrinsic properties relevant for the assessment of exposure and effects regarding human and ... ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS OF NANOMATERIALS 3.26 Ecotoxicology is the study of the fate and effects of anthropogenic chemicals (and radiations) on ecosystems and their component organisms.19 ... detailed knowledge of the content and use of products containing ENPs in the UK; 2) developing an understanding of the factors and processes affecting the fate and transport of ENPs in the environment;...
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Acid in the environment lessons learned and future prospects ertu
... Robert A Askins, Professor of Biology; Jane Dawson, Professor of Government; Arlan Mantz, Professor of Physics; Yong Jin Park, Professor of Economics; Peter Siver, Professor of Botany; Glenn D ... low stores of available calcium, high soil acidity and limited watershed retention of atmospheric inputs of sulfate and/ or nitrate (Cronan and Schofield 1990) High concentrations of dissolved ... capacity of a watershed to prevent decreases in ANC and resist the effects of acidic deposition depends on many factors, including climate, soil conditions, surficial and bedrock geology, and land-use...
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Human Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Current and Future Perspectives pot
... uptake and toxicity, the study of ionizable therapeutics (~70% of all drugs are weak bases) has advanced our understandings of the impacts of climatic changes on bioaccumulation and toxicity of moderately ... Protection Agency, Of ce of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Emily A McVey Of ce of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S Food and Drug Administration, ... residues and traces of other contaminants of emerging concern represent signals of the rapidly urbanizing water cycle and harbingers of the “New Normal.” Over the past decades the implications of endocrine...
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOILS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ppt
... independent of stand age The decreases ranged between pH 0.31 and 0.65 A combination of acid rain and biological acidification was the cause of the changes; ACID RAIN AND SOIL ACIDIFICATION Scotland: Soils ... nature and has set itself free of its constraints Agriculture and food security, erosion and salination, degradation of natural ecosystems, depletion and pollution of surface waters and aquifers, and ... knowledge of the world’s variegated soils, their natural functions, and their importance to humans Concise articles surveying specific aspects of soils (soil genesis, soil chemistry and mineralogy, soil...
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Artificial Light in the Environment ppt
... for Science and Civilization, Professor of Science and Civilization, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford, and Professorial Fellow of Keble College • Professor of Environment and Public ... view of the stars, mankind is cut-off from most of the Universe, deprived of any direct sense of its huge scale and our tiny place within it.” A Growing Sense of Loss 2.8 There are also signs of ... should take account of environmental issues such as: – mitigation of the effects of, and adaptation to, climate change through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the use of renewable energy;...
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Odor Pollution in the Environment and the Detection Instrumentation potx
... J W and P N Bartlett 1996 Performance definition and standardization of electronic noses Sensors and Actuators B 33: 60-67 Gardner, J W and P N Bartlett 1999 Electronic Noses Principles and Applications ... Hansen and Rindel • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) (2000); Koe and Yang (2000) 84 - 100% Wuebker and Friedrich • n-Butanol (C4H10O) (1996) Hybrid bioreactor: 65 - 100% Yeom and Yoo (1999) • Biofilter and ... Journal of Scientific Research and Development Invited Overview Paper Vol VI July, 2004 13 Table Difference between biofilter, biotrickling filter and bioscrubber in terms of microorganisms and...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 1 pot
... “Sorption and Degradation of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Soil and Manure”; and a case study is presented in Chapter 7—“Mobility of Tylosin and Enteric Bacteria in Soil Columns.” Recently, evidences of ... clearest indication of a focused effort to understand the introduction, transformation, and potential health and environmental effects of PPCPs and ECs, in general, is the number of published reports ... compartments, and the potential routes of removal/sequestration An overview of the sources and fate of veterinary pharmaceuticals will be discussed in Chapter 5, “Fate and Transport of Veterinary...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 2 docx
... detection were reported for ibuprofen, diclofenac, and bezafibrate They were ng/L in ground and surface waters and ng/L in WWTP samples, and and 25 ng/L for naproxen and ketoprofen, respectively (Table ... seawater samples The determination of neutral (carbamazepine) and acidic pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, and clofibric acid) in surface water and wastewater was also performed ... result of [M+H] +of the molecule An analytical methodology for the determination of five acidic pharmaceuticals—ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, and bezafibrate—in water with Oasis MCX and...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 3 pdf
... strategies employed in the analysis of pharmaceuticals in soil, manure, and sludge and discuss the advantages and limitations of each technique 3.2 MATRICES OF SOLID-BOUND PHARMACEUTICALS Solid-bound ... balanced, HLB, cartridge) is often used for the removal of NOM from soil extracts In the analysis of tetracycline antibiotics, the use of tandem SPE reduces the amount of NOM considerably Figure ... 14 16 FIGURE 3.2 UV chromatograms of a standard 1.0% humic acids after cleanup with (a) tC18 SPE, (b) HLB SPE, (c) tandem SAX and HLB SPE, and (d) tandem SAX and tC18 SPE (a) (b) (c) FIGURE 3.3...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 4 potx
... Gd–DTPA2– and Gd(HP-DO3A) produced no lethality up to 200 g/L, and Gd(CPA-DO3A)– produced lethality of 17% and 31% at 24-hour exposures of 100 g/L and 200 g/L.34 The toxicity of metals and their ... estimation and risk screening are included, as well as the determination of physicochemical properties of new human pharmaceuticals and diagnostic agents To assess the potential effects of contaminants ... 1000.0 mg/L in case of gadobutrol and gadoxetic acid disodium, 100 mg/L in case of dimeglumine gadopentetate, and 1000 mg/L in case of gadofosveset trisodium) Mortalities and visual abnormalities,...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5 pot
... macrolides, and fluoroquinolones) There are many more classes of medicines in use, so it would be worthwhile to prioritize these and begin to develop an understanding of the fate (and effects) of some of ... speciation and fate of the medicines.36 It has been shown that overland transport from ploughed soils is significantly lower than runoff from grasslands.45 5.4.3 DRAIN FLOW The transport of a range of ... sorption behavior of the compounds, the presence of manure in the soil matrix, and the nature of the land to which the manure is applied Runoff of highly sorptive substances, such as tetracyclines,...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 6 pptx
... (K+0 > K00 > K0–) and with pH have been reported for the sorption of sulfathiazole to compost, manure, and humic acid.47 Sorption of a suite of sulfonamides by whole soils and soil fractions exhibited ... dissipation of various antibiotics in soils Sassman and Lee43 investigated the degradation of monensin and lasalocid in 60Co irradiated and nonsterile laboratory soil microcosms with and without ... Degradation of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Soil and Manure 163 36 Drakopoulos, A.I and Ioannou, P.C., Spectrofluorometric study of the acid-base equilibria and complexation behavior of the fluoroquinolone...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 7 pot
... >200 d in soils, depending on soil texture, amount and type of manure applied, temperature, and competition with indigenous soil microorganisms (Cools et al., 2001; Lau and Ingham, 2001; Andrews ... reveals a small number of comparable studies Rabølle and Spliid (2000) performed a leaching study with tylosin in packed soil cores of two soil types: a sandy loam and a sandy type The Kd values ... transport via runoff and soil loss J Environ Qual 35:2250–2260 Entry, J.A., Leytem, A.B., and Verwey, S 2005 Influence of solid dairy manure and compost with and without alum on survival of indicator...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 8 potx
... applied to kg of soil This gives an initial soil concentration of 9.42 mg kg1 of SMZ and 10.04 mg kg1 of SMX, respectively In order to produce significant amounts of leachate, the soils were over-saturated ... concentration of ca 1000 mg kg1 (actual concentrations obtained were 996 mg kg1 SMZ and 1003 mg kg1 SMX) After homogeneous incorporation of 1.00 g of the sea sand into the 100.0 g of soil the resulting soil ... acetone at concentrations of 2.26 g L of sulfamethazine and 2.41 g L of sulfamethoxazole To avoid direct contact of the solvent with the plant and with soil microorganisms, 25 mL of the spiking solution...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 9 docx
... In soil, the bioavailability of an antibiotic depends on two major factors: (1) the degree to which it adsorbs to the soil and (2) the organisms inhabiting the soil Sorption of antibiotics to soil ... on the soil composition and its chemical characteristics, such as pH and ionic strength Soil composition can vary with regard to its clay, sand, organic matter, and mineral content, all of which ... of plant GSTs in phytoremediation of organic contaminants and presents recent work on GST-mediated transformations of environmentally relevant antibiotics 9.2 PLANT UPTAKE AND PHYTOTOXICITY OF...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 10 docx
... degradation of paracetamol and diclofenac and identify the main byproducts formed.43,44 Both processes proved to be effective in inducing the degradation of both xenobiotics and achieved degrees of mineralization ... 48 Doll, T.E and Frimmel, F.H Photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine, clofibric acid and iomeprol with P25 and Hombikat UV100 in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and other organic ... controlled rates.33 Diclofenac was efficiently degraded in a semibatch reactor in distilled and river water at an ozone dose of mg/L but not ibuprofen or clofibric acid (Co = 2µg/L and reaction time...
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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 11 docx
... and Roth, P., Effects of androgenic and estrogenic compounds on the experimental metamorphoses of amphibians Gynecol and Obstet 1948, 47, 164–176 Hignite, C and Azarnoff, D.L., Drugs and drug metabolites ... tendency Dow is the ratio of the sum of the concentrations of all species of the compound in octanol to the sum of the concentrations of all species of the compound in water, and its value highly ... S.R., Occurrence and fate of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in surface waters Environ Sci Technol 2003, 37, 1061–1068 35 Loraine, G.A and Pettigrove,...
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