enzyme adsorption on soil mineral surfaces and consequences for the catalytic activity
Enzymes in the Environment: Activity, Ecology and Applications - Chapter 11 ppsx
... modification of conformation and pH-dependent orientation of the catalytic site of the enzyme can explain the alkaline pH shift of the enzyme activity on electronegative soil mineral surfaces ... is no longer influenced by adsorption b BSA Protonation BSA adsorption on montmorillonite leads to the protonation of the ionizable carboxylic groups of the protein, aspartic acid (Asp), and glutamic ... between the free and adsorbed enzymes; they are based either on the activity of the protons or the substrates in the microenvironment of the enzyme (interfacial pH effects, diffusional effects) or on...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Crystal structures of a bacterial 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase reveal aspects of specificity, mechanism and mode of inhibition by analogues of high-energy reaction intermediates pdf
... of the catalytic reaction requires a general acid to donate a proton to the C1 carbon of the 1,2-enediol, whereas C2 accepts a proton from Lys184 in the conversion to RU5P The structure of the ... for NADP+ binding [19], becomes well ordered in the ternary complex with NADP+ On the other side, the adenine forms hydrophobic interactions with Ala78 and Ala79 The hydrogen bonding of the enzyme ... mediates interaction between the phosphate and Gly263 and Thr264 of the motif The 4-OH of 6PG interacts with His453 and a water molecule The C4 position cannot have an R-conformation due to steric...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Characterization and mode of action of an exopolygalacturonase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima doc
... from the maximum velocity (V), divided by the molar concentration of the enzyme (e0, included in Vmax) R and T are the gas constant and the temperature (in Kelvin), respectively The values A-1 and ... peptide and the detection of pectinolytic activity in the cell fraction and not in the medium fraction supported our belief that PelB is cytoplasmic, in contrast with the majority of polygalacturonases ... exogalacturonases and endogalacturonases, the difference in mode of action probably depends on subtle changes in the catalytic and or substrate-binding region Unfortunately, only a few exopolygalacturonases...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Assembly and molecular mode of action of the Helicobacter pylori Cag type IV secretion apparatus doc
... organization in operons indicates a functional relationship with the T4SS For a discussion of these non-essential components, see the accompanying review by Cendron and Zanotti [27] 1206 The putative ... unique components of the Cag-T4SS, together with potential implications for the current understanding of its mode of action The cagPAI and the Cag type IV secretion apparatus Gene arrangement and variants ... classification according to requirement for IL-8 induction and ⁄ or CagA translocation SA, secretion apparatus component required for IL-8 and CagA translocation; TF, translocation factor required for...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structural and thermodynamic insights into the binding mode of five novel inhibitors of lumazine synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis pptx
... in the position of the pyrimidine ring, whereas the phosphate and phosphonate moieties occupy the same position in spite of the different conformation of the alkyl chain The positions of the ... et al the conformation of the alkyl chain differs from those found in the purinetrione complexes The phosphate group forms the same contacts as described above for the other inhibitors The centre ... periphery of the active site is restricted by the position of Arg128 from one side and the conformation of the loop connecting b4 with a3 (residues 8588) from the other side In the MbtLS TS44...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Substrate specificity and transport mode of the proton-dependent amino acid transporter mPAT2 potx
... interpreted as the first evidence for a restricted velocity in the translocation step of the loaded transporter by the sterical conformation of the substrate The introduction of polar side groups in the ... dependent on the actual extracellular proton concentration This argues for an ordered binding mechanism where the proton binds before the substrate enters the binding domain Proton transfer to the ... transport as a function of external proton concentration (apparent proton activity) were performed under substrate saturation with either 20 mM alanine or proline The standard incubation medium was...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Exo-mode of action of cellobiohydrolase Cel48C from Paenibacillus sp. BP-23 A unique type of cellulase among Bacillales ppt
... nomenclature, the cloned enzyme was described as Cel48C_PAE23, with the structural designation CD48/ Fn3/CBM_3a to indicate the type and location of the different domains and providing information about the ... solution One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme producing lmol of p-nitrophenolÆmin)1 Activity at different pH and temperature was determined after incubation of the reaction ... loading onto SDS–polyacrylamide gels (10% acrylamide) for protein analysis and binding determination Enzyme purification The ability of Cel48C to bind Avicel strongly was used for enzyme purification...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) systems from Bacillus subtilis display a conserved mode of complex organization and similar substrate recognition requirements doc
... these two components form a minimal Tat translocase responsible for the translocation of the substrate PhoD The phoD gene is expressed upstream of the tatAd ⁄ Cd genes and this operon is expressed ... specific mutations within the signal peptide We initially focused on the most conserved residues within the consensus motif, the twin arginines Figure shows that the nonmutated DmsA–GFP construct (wild-type) ... these two residues for export We also tested the importance of the +2 leucine residue (Leu19) within the consensus motif by testing for export of the DmsA–GFP fusion carrying the L19A, L19D and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: The sulfur atoms of the substrate CoA and the catalytic cysteine are required for a productive mode of substrate binding in bacterial biosynthetic thiolase, a thioester-dependent enzyme doc
... specifically on the SH groups of the substrate and the catalytic Cys89, which is conserved throughout the thiolase superfamily The results obtained indicate that the sulfur atoms of both the enzyme and the ... from the tunnel, and, in the liganded conformation, it points into the tunnel, interacting with the N4 atom of the CoA substrate [2,10] His156 has previously been observed in only 6140 one conformation, ... Phe235 and Leu249 (the outermost peptide bond, near the bulk solvent) and between Phe319 and Leu148 (the innermost peptide bond, near the catalytic site) The atoms shaping the binding environment...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Structures and mode of membrane interaction of a short a helical lytic peptide and its diastereomer determined by NMR, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy pdf
... multibilayers The second derivatives, calculated to identify the positions of the component bands in the spectra, are shown in (B) for K4L7W and in (D) for K4L3l4W The component peaks are the result ... properties of the interactions between the peptide and membranes was obtained upon examination of the NMR-calculated average peptide conformations, displaying the relative positions of the two central ... conformation of membrane-bound K4L3l4W is most likely affected by competing factors – ones that favor disordered structures on the one hand, while inducing more defined conformations, on the other hand...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Metaphor Comprehension - A special mode of language pptx
... connections between the GCS and the TKS, it is necessary to search for additional knowledge structures which represent context information which was missing in the original input The goal of the ... the context construction procedure is to provide a context information in which the GCS-TKS connections are fully interpreted, that is, more fully integrated The paper discusses the conditions ... have to be handled The main conclusion of the paper is that the notions of processing capacity, memory constraints and control structure are the most salient constructs in sLmulation metaphor...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Peptides that bind the HIV-1 integrase and modulate its enzymatic activity – kinetic studies and mode of action pptx
... had no effect on the 3Â-end processing step (not shown) The effect of peptides on the strand-transfer reaction When the effects of the various peptides on the strandtransfer step of the IN enzymatic ... CACGTGGAAAATCTCTAGCA-[DABCYL]-3Â) The uorescence signal was continuously monitored under 485-nm excitation and 535-nm emission Enzyme- free control wells were subjected to the same reaction conditions but without IN in the ... Comparison of the conformation of active and nonactive backbone cyclic analogs of substance P as a tool to elucidate features of the bioactive conformation: NMR and molecular dynamics in DMSO and water...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Common mode of DNA binding to cold shock domains Crystal structure of hexathymidine bound to the domain-swapped form of a major cold shock protein from Bacillus caldolyticus pot
... single-strand binding to the cold shock domain K E A Max et al solution data have only indicated the formation of complexes consisting of one protein and one ligand molecule for ligands in the range ... obstruction of stem–loop formation prevents termination and leads to transcription of cistrons on the 3¢ side of termination sites The ability of the CSP to prevent doublestrand formation in RNA may destabilize ... [P]0 and [Y]0 are the overall Bc-Csp and oligonucleotide concentration, respectively n is the number of oligonucleotide strands bound to one Bc-Csp molecule, and KD is the equilibrium dissociation...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Contribution of a central proline in model amphipathic a-helical peptides to self-association, interaction with phospholipids, and antimicrobial mode of action ppt
... R1 and R2 are the response units for the first and second steps, respectively, CA is the peptide concentration, 4052 and Rmax is the maximal response unit (or equilibrium binding response) The ... directly to P + L and which may correspond to the insertion of the peptide into the hydrophobic region of the lipid bilayer The corresponding differential rate equations for this reaction model are: ... concentrations (2.5–20 lm) were used to calculate the association constants for M17 because the peptide was bound irreversibly to the lipid bilayers at high concentrations The average values for...
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Báo cáo Y học: Isolation, enzymatic properties, and mode of action of an exo-1,3-b-glucanase from Trichoderma viride doc
... 1,3-b-oligoglucosides, the subsite theory of Hiromi [46,47] was employed for construction of a subsite map for the estimation of affinities and number of subsites in the active center of the enzyme According ... exo-glucohydrolase (Fig 2) The enzyme displayed only very low activity against 1,3-1,4-b-glucans, lichenan, and barley glucan, and Table Effect of metal ions, PHMB, and EDTA on the exo-1,3-bglucanase activity ... method [33] Alternatively, enzyme activity was evaluated by measuring the formation of reducing sugars according to the Somogyi-Nelson method [34] One unit of the enzyme activity produced mmol of...
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Car Ownership and Mode of Transport to Work in Ireland* potx
... utility among all possible alternatives The distributional assumptions concerning the random error component εij determine the form of the model The most common assumption is that the error terms ... For these reasons, we present results, and base our discussion, on results from the conditional logit models, while recognising their limitations 14 In the absence of more detailed information on ... composition and socio-economic group The results for the rail availability and work population density variables indicate some differences in comparison with the results for Dublin city and county and the...
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Báo cáo khoa học: Mode of action of the microbial metabolite GE23077, a novel potent and selective inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase docx
... such a possibility, the E coli holoenzyme was preincubated with DNA to allow complex formation before the addition of the inhibitor, and then the effect of GE23077 on RNA synthesis was assessed ... the former are required to achieve comparable inhibition levels: in our experimental conditions, the IC50 values were lM for GE23077 and 0.12 lM for rifampicin In summary, these data confirm the ... Transcription initiation vs chain elongation As a first step in the elucidation of the mechanism of action of GE23077, it is crucial to assess whether it exerts its action at the level of transcription...
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Báo cáo Y học: Exploring the primary electron acceptor (QA)-site of the bacterial reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides Binding mode of vitamin K derivatives pptx
... contributions resulting from the response of the protein to the QA-reduction Hence, these absorption bands are indicative for the interaction between the quinone and the protein binding pocket Therefore, ... recombination for this anthraquinone occurs in the microsecond range and, – hence, does not interfere with the observation of the D+QA formation of the naphthoquinones In this case the dissociation constant ... In the nonquinonic regions, the band shapes and vibrational frequencies exhibit a high similarity for all quinones No evidence for a change in the response of the protein due to – QA formation...
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stenersen - chemical pesticides - mode of action and toxicology (crc, 2004)
... efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their ... It is therefore not difficult to understand the great focus from the public on these substances The legislation and control of their use were not very much developed, and at the same time, the need ... are poisons; there is none which is not a poison The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy” (Strathern, 2000) The connection between dose or concentration of the toxicant and the severity...
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