... report on the useof Factored Translation Models for English- to- Arabic translation. 1 IntroductionArabic has a complex morphology compared to English. Words are inflected for gender, number,and ... sourcebenefits the performance of Arabic -to -English SMT.The use of similar techniques for English- to- ArabicSMT requires recombination of the target side intovalid surface forms, which is not ... training data to trainthe language model and use trigrams for the baselinesystem and a 4-grams for segmented Arabic. The av-erage sentence length is 9 for English, 8for Arabic,and 10 for segmented...
... meaningHelp learners to be aware of registerHelp learners to be aware of registerLook at word formationLook at word formationUse direct translation carefullyUse direct translation carefullyTeach ... useGive learners a reason for listeningGive learners a reason for listeningUse listening for pleasure tooUse listening for pleasure tooShow learners they don’t have to understand every wordShow ... need to listen tooTeach learners the strategies needed to control they input they getTeach learners the strategies needed to control they input they getConsider setting listening tasks for...
... the country as political bosses and law enforces 85 . The test administrator ordered we not to open our books until he told us to do so. englishto universityI. Circle the word whose bold ... cubes d. decimals 58. According to the passage, mathematical operations include: _______.a. to add, subtract, multiply and divideb. to square, cube, or raise to any other powerc. to take a square, ... easier to perform the various mathematical operations ifdecimals are used instead of fractions. The main operations are: to add, subtract,multiply and divide; to square, cube, or raise to any...
... proves D science fiction stories V. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATON 66. Tom has the ability to be a professional musician, but he's too lazy to practice. A. He is able to practice music lessons ... He is rumoured to be rich but stringy74 I don’t want to keep in touch with them any more A Not any longer I want to keep in touch with them B Not at more I want to keep in touch with them ... moment ? I’m trying to fill in a form. A B C D57. They don’t allow smoking in the auditorium; they don’t want to risk setting it with fire. A B C D 58. Would you mind me to turn down the radio...
... out and compares the English terms with the Vietnamese ones to finds out appropriate Vietnamese equivalents for the English terms. The thesis aims to draw out common translation strategies ... applied in the English- Vietnamese translation of terms in materials for mechanical engineering. Hopefully, the result of the study would be useful in technical translation especially translation ... most basic engineering sciences and technical translation makes much contribution to its development. Technical term translation is part of technical translation, so it plays an important role...
... what it ‘REALLY’ takes to get your website on the 1st page in the Search Engines than 99% of those on the Net! Click here and download this amazing, free report today. ... are more than welcome to use it yourself and see what you come up with. However, in order to get the most out of this little secret I suggest you go to the source I went to. A young Fella ... world-class soap makers rely on to make their best soaps. He also provides invaluable links to organizations, books and the best places online to get additional information. More info on "soap...
... invited to send their comments to: California State Board of EqualizationDocument Translations SectionP.O. Box 94 287 9, MIC:19Sacramento, CA 94279 For other helpful translations or for moreinformation ... nhịassetstài s nảauditki m to n, ki m traể ểaudit divisionphân b ki m to nộ ểauditorki m to n viênểBbad debtscác món n khó đòiợbalancengân kho n đ i chi u, k tả ố ế ế to nbank statementb ... the terms found in it should be understood to change the meaning of any provisions of law,regulations, or any other authoritative precedent. It is for informational assistance only.Publication...
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... the translator’s job to translate, to explain” (Newmark, 1 988 b :82 ).2.4.3. NaturalizationNewmark (1 988 b :82 ) says: “The procedure succeeds transference and adapts the SLword first to the normal ... a literal translation .Therefore, literal translation is a common procedure in technical translation, particularly technical term translation. 2.4.2. TransferenceNewmark (1 988 b :81 -82 ) defines ... it”.Besides, Newmark (1 988 b :81 ) clearly distinguishes translation methods with translation procedures: “while translation methods relate to whole texts, translation procedures are used for sentences and...
... Childrenarepersonswhohavenotyetreachedanagewhentheyarelegallyconsideredtobecompetenttoprotecttheirownwelfare.ã FoodstobepromotedarethoseproductswhichconformtonationalandinternationaldietaryguidelinessupportingWHOsGlobalStrategytopreventobesityandchronicdisease.ã ... weaklyorinconsistentlyenforcedThisreportwillnotexploretheissuesofmonitoringandenforcement,althoughtheseareseriousconcernsthatneedtobeaddressedbypolicymakers.Atpresent,monitoringandcomplainthandlingbodiesdonotenforcecompanyledinitiatives.Alackofanindependentcomplaintmechanismcanleaveconsumersfrustrated,andalackofenforcementallowscompanyledinitiativestoberolledbackatanytime.Ifamonitoringandcomplainthandlingbodywereestablisheditwouldneedtogainconsumerconfidence,forwhichitwouldneed(a)tobetransparentinoperationwithroutineregularpublicationsoftheiractivities;(b)tobeindependentandfreefromindustryinfluence,andseentobeso;and(c)toensurethattheirservicesareeasilyandinexpensivelyaccessedbyconsumers.Penaltiesmustbecommensuratewiththesizeofthemarketingbudgetsinvolvedandwiththeestimatedexposureofchildrentotheoffendingcommercialmessages.Afurtherconcernistheneedtoensurethat,whateverthedifferencesindefinitionsorapproaches,allcompaniesshouldmakesomecommitmenttoofferselfrestraint.IntheEuropeanregiononly11companieshavejoinedthescheme,alongwiththeEuropeanSnacksAssociation.Severalmajorcompanies,includingMcDonalds,KFCandHaribo,andmanysmalleronesarenotincluded.ProblemsofdefinitionsCompanieschoosetherulestoimposeuponthemselves.Asaresulttherearelikelytobediscrepanciesandinconsistencies.HereweshalllookatsuchproblemsencounteredwithinthepledgesandpromisesandactivitiesundertakenbycompaniesintheEuropeanUnion.Whatageisachild?ThetablebelowprovidesexamplesofdefinitionsoftheagerangeforchildbycompaniesparticipatingintheEUpledgescheme.Pleasenotethattheinterpretationofacompanypolicycanbecomplex,andreadersareadvisedtocheckthecompanystatementsforthemselves(hyperlinksareprovided). ... 0‐12**≥50%ofaudiencemustbechildren;**≥35%ofaudiencemustbechildren;***≥30%ofaudiencemustbechildren.****≥25%ofaudiencemustbechildren.~unlessanadultispresent.~~unlessadultspredominate.+≥35% for someshowsand≥50% for others.++11 for printmedia,otherwise12.Whichproductscanbepromoted?IntheUSAalargenumberofcompany‐promotedmodelshavebeenproposed for definingthenutritionalcriteria for foods to bemarketed to children21andasimilarproblemhasariseninEurope.Thenexttablegivesexamplesofnutrientmethods for definingfoodsassuitable for marketing to children,asproposedbysomeofthecompaniesintheEUpledge:Table2Company‐setcriteria for foodstheycanmarket to childrenCompany...
... %2 386 1 122 58 94. 48 Chunk type P % R % F1% FoundAll 91.14 91.35 91.25 12 286 One 90.32 90.99 90.65 5236NP 93.97 94.47 94.22 5523ADVP 82 .53 84 .30 83 .40 475VP 93.66 92.04 92 .84 284 ADJP 65. 68 ... rule length to 5. For the tree- to- string decoder, we set the configuration of ruleSystem Dev NIST 08 Speedphrase 0. 284 3 0.3921 1.163tree 0.2 786 0. 381 7 1.107tight 0.2914 0.3 987 1.2 08 loose 0.2936 ... substituted ‘‘ and ’’ with ˝ to keep consistent with translation data. We used L2algorithm to train CRF.Data forTranslation We used the NIST trainingset for Chinese -English translation tasks excludingthe...
... wasachieved for Arabic -to -English translation. Birchet al. (2007) also reported a significant improve-ment for Dutch -English translation by applyingCCG supertags at a word level to a factorized ... generate atree -to- string translation rule.2.3 Rich syntactic information for SMTBefore describing our approaches of applyingdeep syntactic information yielded by an HPSGparser for fine-grained ... managed to be tackled during extracting rules from an alignedforest-string pair: where to cut and how to cut.Equation 1 was used again to compute a frontiernode set to determine where to cut...