english of ordinary english grammar
Báo cáo khoa học: "Lexicon and grammar in probabilistic tagging of written English" doc
Ngày tải lên :
08/03/2014, 18:20
...
4: Fragm~ of the Grammar from the l~u-ser's Mamml
Ob = operator ~ of, or ending with, a form of/ ~, Od
ffi operator consisting of, or ending with, a form of ~
Oh
-
operator ~ of, or ending ...
of a Large Grammar of English& apos;,
proceedings of IJCAI, Milan.
Keith Brown (1984)./~nguugi¢$ Today, Fomana, U.K.
John Carroll, Brml Bo~, Claire Grover, Ted Briscoe
(1988). 'The Grammar ...
generation of alternative parses of semences of gx~tter than
trivial lmgtlL The task of subcalegorizafion involves:
(1) a linguist's specification of a schema or typology of
lexical...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "The Acquisition and Application of Context Sensitive Grammar for English" docx
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 06:20
... predict its operation. The black line
of Figure 4 shows successive accumulations of 400-rule
segments of the grammar after randomizing the ordering
of the rules. Of the first 400 CS rules 50% were ... of lan-
guage.
An explicit use of context-sensitive grammar was de-
veloped by Simmons and Yu [1990] to solve the prob-
lem of accepting indefinitely long, recursively embedded
strings of ... Acquisition and Application of Context Sensitive Grammar for
English
Robert F. Simmons and Yeong-Ho Yu @cs.texas.edu
Abstract
Department of Computer Sciences, AI Lab
University of Texas, Austin Tx...
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Grammar of the english verb phrase, the grammar of the english tense system, vol I
Ngày tải lên :
08/04/2014, 02:18
... viz. to provide a grammar that can be used as a reference work
by scholars and by students with some knowledge of descriptive linguistics and
of English grammar.
1.1.2 The kind of English treated ... could be used as a reference grammar by linguists and
students of English with a basic knowledge of descriptive linguistics and a
fairly advanced proficiency in English. Difficult as it is to ... level of situation-templates (i. e. descriptions of con-
ceptualized types of situations) whereas ‘bounded’ means ‘nonhomogeneous’
on the level of clauses (i. e. descriptions of actualizations of...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 1 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... Data
Declerck, Renaat.
The grammar of the English tense system : a comprehensive
analysis / by Renaat Declerck in cooperation with Susan Reed
and Bert Cappelle.
p. cm. − (The grammar of the English verb phrase ... draft of one or more chapters. In alphabetical order they are: Griet
Beheydt, Ilse Depraetere, Raphael Salkie, Elizabeth Traugott, Naoaki Wada,
and Christopher Williams.
The Grammar of
the English ...
Table of contents
Acknowledgements V
Table of contents VII
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Towards a theory of tense and time 91
Chapter 3. The absolute use of the present tense...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 2 doc
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... over-
view of tense and two other areas of meaning
that can be expressed by the use of verb forms
in English and that interact with tense: the sys-
tem of grammatical aspect and the system of
mood ... remarks 5
account for tense in English, rather than a comparative study of other analyses
or a comparison of our analysis with the analyses of other authors. Because of
this, unless a particular ... number
of books and articles dealing with tense in English. However, a selective bibli-
ography listing some of the literature that we consider basic to the study of
tense can be found at the end of...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 3 docx
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... proper of our description of tense in English.
There is a brief discussion of what is meant by ‘tense’, with reference to the
main issues surrounding the number and nature of tenses in English ... Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus
SEU the Survey of English Usage Corpus of Written English.
TLS a corpus of articles that appeared in the Times Literary Supplement
in 1997
WSJ a corpus of articles that appeared in ... the study of tense; chapters 3 to 11 gradually build up a picture
of the function of tenses in discourse in English; finally, chapters 12 to 14
provide a more detailed analysis of some of the interactions...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 4 docx
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... a rich source of contributions to the expanding lexical stock of
English, as testified by recent creations like dumb down (ϭ ‘reduce the intellec-
tual content or capabilities of ’), as in They ... eaten). The point is that the time of orientation
to which they relate the time of their situation does not have to be the temporal
zero-point. It is criterial of tensed forms that they encode ... that they encode information concern-
ing the relation of the time of a situation to the temporal zero-point t
0
(which
is usually the time of speech Ϫ see 2.4), whether that relation is direct...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 5 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... cut
The list of strong verbs is to be found in most standard grammars and diction-
aries.
6
1.17 The formation of the other tenses
1.17.1 Many people hold that there are only two tenses in English, ... forms.
Such tense forms have the form of absolute tenses but the function of relative
tenses.
1.19 Special uses of tenses
1.19.1 In modal sentences, some of the indicative tenses (viz. the past, ... relate the time of
John’s being thirsty directly to the time of speech. In (2), the same verb forms
relate the time of John’s being thirsty to a future orientation time (the time of
will say),...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 6 potx
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... expressions of habitual aspect (which is a pairing of form and meaning)
11. (Non)habitual aspect is a form of grammatical aspect because it is expressed by means
of the form of the verb (viz . the use of ... subsituations of the same kind. Nonrepetitive
habitual aspect lacks this second feature.
32 1. Introduction
pairing of a meaning and a particular form of the verb. In English the second
of these two ... (suffix
or auxiliary) to describe the situation as characteristic of the referent of the
subject NP over a certain period of time. English has a special form to express
habituality in the past:...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 7 pps
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... description of a situation as repeating
itself on a particular occasion, i. e. the representation of a situation as con-
sisting of the successive occurrence of several instances of identical ... not of aspect. Secondly, the concept ‘perfect
aspect’ does not conform to our definition of aspect, because the selection of
a perfect or nonperfect tense is not a question of different ways of ... refers to the performance
of an action, the happening of an event, the existence of a state, etc. we can
say that the clause in question refers to the actualization of a situation.
In 1.5 it...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 8 doc
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... consist
of one unchanging state, for example, or does it consist of various different
phases? Ϫ and certain other criteria that have to do with beginnings, middles
and ends of situations. The point of ... a category of verbs that are associated with a particular
sort of situation, we will speak of ‘punctual situation verbs’, ‘durative situation
verbs’ and so on, following the pattern of ‘transitional ... is often applied to actualizing situations on the
plea that the nature of a category can be determined by any constituent of the
clause, including the subject. Thus, depending on the nature of...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 9 pot
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... type of situation that is characteristic of the referent of the subject
NP over an extended period of time Ϫ see 1.23). This static interpretation is
due to the use of the nonprogressive form of ... affect the essential
nature of the kind of situation.
1.36.3 An example of a
heterogeneous situation is drawing a circle. There
is no portion (stage, slice) of the situation of drawing a circle that ... literature, a habit is not a characteristic of a
period of time; it is a characteristic of the referent of the subject which lasts
for a more or less extended period of time. Secondly, the observation...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 10 pptx
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... verb phrases is
to try using the gerund form of the verb phrase as direct object of complete or
finish, which refer to the natural point of completion of an action. Only telic
verb phrases can be ... homogen-
eous] nature of the situation-template. It may also be due to the quantifica-
tional status of the subject NP, to the use of the progressive form (which ex-
presses a kind of ‘grammatical ... to (the actualization of) a situation as well as to any (relevant) part of
that situation. And in Every evening, I would have a glass of port while Sylvia
drank a glass of beer, the second clause...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 11 doc
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... which the duration of the situation of reading books
itself is measured.)
1.39.8 We have already stressed that (a)telicity is not a characteristic of sen-
tences (since the nature of the subject ... con-
ceived of as having an end and as constituting a unit of writing. In this case the
idea of a ‘telos’ is what Grice (1975) calls a ‘conventional’ (ϭ noncancellable)
pragmatic implicature of the ... pragmatic point of view, there are only two kinds of verb phrase
that can measure a type of situation. One is exemplified by write a book or
build a wall, in which the point of completion is...
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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 12 pdf
Ngày tải lên :
01/07/2014, 23:20
... of the tunnel. The interpretation is bounded or nonbounded accordingly.
24. This boundedness implicature of the past tense is due to the Gricean Maxim of Relation
(better known as the Maxim of ... structure of a particu-
lar situation is grammatically represented, but rather with a distinction be-
tween two possible ways of representing or interpreting a particular instance
of actualization of ... drink five glasses of champagne! (bounded: the action will terminate
when the fifth glass is empty)
Tonight I will drink a lot of glasses of champagne! (nonbounded: since the number
of glasses is...
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