... chances for engineers and technical professionals to
convey technical information in Englishfor various purposes. Therefore, besides learning
general English as an international language, engineering ... good English writing proficiency
can be a contributing factor to their professional recognition and career prospect.
This paper proposes a pragmatic English writing program forengineeringstudents ... it difficult for a foreign student to
learn English. First, Second, [1]
ã It is difficult for foreign students to adjust to life in a new country for several
reasons. First, Second, [1]
Then...
...
for
Engineering Students
1.4.2
Dimensional analysis applied
to
aerodynamic force
In
discussing aerodynamic force it is necessary to know how the dependent variables, aero-
dynamic force ... represent the names of these
units
by abbreviations:
kg for kilogram
m for metre
s
for second
"C for degree Celsius
K for Kelvin
The degree Celsius is one one-hundredth
part
of ...
Houghton, E.L. (Edward Lewis)
Aerodynamics forengineering students.
-
5th ed.
1 Aerodynamics
I
Title
I1
Carpenter, P.W.
629.1’323
-
For information
on
all
Butterworth-Heinemann publications...
...
g(Re)
V
For dynamic similarity
Therefore
giving
nf
=
8 cycles per second
22
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
1.4.2
Dimensional analysis applied
to
aerodynamic force
In
discussing ...
Houghton, E.L. (Edward Lewis)
Aerodynamics forengineering students.
-
5th ed.
1 Aerodynamics
I
Title
I1
Carpenter, P.W.
629.1’323
-
For information
on
all
Butterworth-Heinemann publications ... represent the names of these
units
by abbreviations:
kg for kilogram
m for metre
s
for second
"C for degree Celsius
K for Kelvin
The degree Celsius is one one-hundredth
part
of...
...
-
Eb)2
Therefore which is given by
=
OC
+
radius
of
circle
is
(1.58)
Aircraft Structures
for engineeringstudents
Third Edition
T.
H.
G.
Megson
i
EINEMANN
OXFORD
AMSTERDAM ... equilibrium under the action of externally applied forces
Pi, P2
.
and is
assumed to comprise a continuous and deformable material
so
that the forces are
transmitted throughout its volume. ... point
0
there is a resultant
force
6P.
The particle of material at
0
subjected to the force
SP
is in equilibrium
so
that there must be an equal but opposite force
6P
(shown dotted in...
... book is intended forstudents studying for degrees, Higher National Diplomas
and Higher National Certificates in aeronautical engineering and will be found of
value to those students in related ... experience of teaching aircraft structures
I
have felt the need for a text-
book written specifically forstudents of aeronautical engineering. Although there
have been a number of excellent books ... Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com
Aircraft Structures
for engineeringstudents
Third Edition
T.
H.
G.
Megson
i
EINEMANN
OXFORD
AMSTERDAM
BOSTON
LONDON NEWYORK PARIS
SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO...
...
for
Engineering Students
1.4.2
Dimensional analysis applied
to
aerodynamic force
In
discussing aerodynamic force it is necessary to know how the dependent variables, aero-
dynamic force ... Aerodynamics
for Engineering
Students
Fifth
Edition
E.L.
Houghton
and
P.W.
Carpenter
Professor
of
Mechanical Engineering,
The University of Warwick
!
EINEMANN
OXFORD AMSTERDAM ... blading.
28
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
L
Lift
Cross-wind
moment
Fig.
1.8
The systems
of
force and moment components. The broad arrows represent forces used in
elementary...
...
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
i.e.
12
1
PI
+
-pv,
+PPI
=p2
+
-pv;
+
pgzz
2
2
In the foregoing analysis
1
and
2
were completely arbitrary choices, and therefore
the same ... 68
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
Therefore, true air speed
=
Ma
=
0.728
x
340.3
248
m
s-'
=
89
1
km
h-'
In this example,
~7
=
1
and therefore there is no ... C.V.
-,
(ii)
=
Body force
+
pressure force
+
viscous force
(iii)
(iv)
(4
(2.59)
We will consider now the evaluation of each of terms (i) to (v) in turn for the case
Term (i) is...
... radius of the equipotential
Q
=
0
for
the isolated source and the isolated sink, but
not
for
the combination.
1
10
Aerodynamics forEngineering
Students
demonstrating the validity ... radius of the equipotential
q5
=
0
for the isolated
source
and
the isolated
sink,
but not for
the
combination.
120
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering
Students
Method
(see
Fig.
3.14) ... contrast, for the Cartesian system all three coordinate surfaces are
X
Fig. 3.27
Cylindrical coordinates
138
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
planes. As a consequence for the Cartesian...
... at angle
Q
to
Ox
178
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
The lift per unit span
=
apU2clT(l
+cosO)dO
=
7i-apU2c
It therefore follows that for unit span
I
CL
=
($q)
=27ra
The ...
(4.54)
Fig.
4.16
176
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
and introducing this in Eqn (4.14) gives
(4.22)
The solution for kdx that satisfies Eqn (4.22) for a given shape of camber
line ... some general
form given by, say,
(4.61)
V
-
=
B~
+
CB,
cosne
V
Fig.
4.19
170
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
iy
z
plane
0
U
Fig.
4.8
Zhukovsky transformation, of...
... planforms with the same elliptic chord
distribution
270
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
Segment
i
trailing
edge
Fig.
5.46
Panel method applied
to
a
wing-body combination
For ...
255-274.
250
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
-
-
Incidence
c
e
Lc
-
Incidence
m
0
c
0
c
e
Lc
-
P
Fig.
5.34
Lift-versus-incidence curve for an aerofoil section of ... is certainly suitable for wings with a simple
planform shape, e.g. a rectangular wing. Some wing shapes for which it is not at all
suitable are shown in Fig. 5.22. Thus for the general case...
... from
Eqn
(6.
lo),
with
q
substituted for
p,
that
(6.62)
31
2
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering
Students
Fig.
6.15
or in pressure-coefficient form
(6.63)
The behaviour of the flow ... 300
Aerodynamics forEngineering
Students
or
P1-7@-1
-
-
for air
P2
6
(6.44a)
6.4.4 Density jump across the normal shock
Using the previous results, substituting for
p2/p1
from Eqn ...
XO)
-
A]
=
0
(6.86)
having the formal solution
x=J[-(C+XO)
f
.\/(C+XO)(~-~XO)
+4A]
(6.87)
306
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
Now for values of
MI
near unity
/3
<<...
... numerically in the forms:
(7.45)
UX
f50.99
=
5.0dK
370
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering
Students
Calculate the pressure and Mach number along the surface as functions of
x/c
for the case ... much lower
Reynolds number than for the smooth sphere.
(The photographs were taken
by
H.
Werle at
ONERA,
France.)
376
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
YA
Fig.
7.2
effects ... 404
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
=
15
000
I
,
=
30
I000
Fig.
7.18
Flow past a sphere: In both cases the flow is from
left
to right.
ReD
=
15
000
for (a) which
uses...
...
Smith
(1981)
'H-R,
method for predicting transition',
AZAA
J.,
19,
810412.
420
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
Pi
0.9
0.8
0.7
- ...
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
where use of Eqns (7.64a',b',c') gives
A
3
A2
4
Fz(A)
=4+ A+-+-
3 10 60 63
To obtain the final form of Eqn (7.127) for computational ... reached. For obvious
*For
example, see Fersiger,
J.H.
(1998)
Numerical Methods
for
Engineering Application,
2nd Ed., Wiley;
Fersiger,
J.H.
and Peric, M. (1999)
Computational Methods for...
... airscrews deliver the same thrust.
(u
of
L)
For the front airscrew,
q
=
0.90
=
$.
Therefore
Thus
520
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
confirm that the Kramer coatings were ...
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
X
L
F
1
Fig.
8.4
Upper-wing-surface pressure distributions with laminar rooftop
other hand, only modest maximum suction pressures are permissible before ...
Annual
Review
of
Fluid Mechanics,
15:
223-239.
534
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering Students
Solving these three equations for
a,
b
and
c
in terms
of
d,
e
and
f
gives
a
=
4
-...
... parabolic equation
equations for a flat plate 390
equations for a flat plate, solution 390
equations for a general case 395
equations for laminar flow 381
equations for turbulent flow
440
fresh ...
0.0157 0.0154
0.0150 0.0145
0.0139 0.0132
548
Aerodynamics forEngineeringStudents
Suitable values for initial guesses for
a
and
b
are
a
=
0.1,
b
=
0.02.
Then
1.1
0.98
tan4 ... variation with angle of attack for a
Lift-amplification factor of hovercraft 560
Lift augmentation 485
NACA 4421 aerofoil 205
556
Aerodynamics
for
Engineering
Students
Now if the distance...